Cs-308 assignment

Table of Contents

1. Log Base 2 of a Number

2. Next Two Letters
3. Sum of Digits of a Five-Digit Number
4. Gross Salary Calculation
5. Add Two Times in hh:mm:ss
6. Compound Interest
7. ASCII Code
8. Total and Percentage
9. Palindrome Check
10. Bank Account Class
11. Temperature Message
12. Distance Converter
13. Player Class with Static Member
14. Prime Number Check
15. String Triangle Pattern
16. Character Case Conversion
17. Series Sum
18. Leap Year Check
19. Array of Structures (Income and Tax)
20. Prime Numbers in Array
21. Quadratic Equation Roots
22. Student Grades
23. Employee Tax Calculation
24. Sort Array of Integers Using Pointers
25. Swap Two Integers Using Pointers
26. Declare Five Integer Variables and Find Maximum Using Pointers
27. Structure with Account ID and Amount Using Dynamic Array
28. Average Marks of Students Using Dynamic Array
29. Swap Two Values by Passing Pointers
30. Prime Check Using Pointer to Function
31. Distance Covered by Players (Structure)
32. Employee with More Salary (Structure)
33. Income and Tax of 5 Persons (Structure)
34. Book and Order Structures
35. Structure Exercises (Functions)
1. Player Winner Based on Speed

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 Cs-308 assignment

2. Higher Salary Employee

3. Tax Calculation
4. Book Order
36. Pointer Exercises (Functions)

1. Sorted Array
2. Swapped Values
3. Maximum Value
4. Account Details (Dynamic Array)
5. Average Marks (Dynamic Array)
6. Prime Checker (Function Pointer)

37. String Exercises (Functions)

1. Palindrome Check
2. Count Words & Characters
3. Reverse String
4. Triangle Pattern
5. Toggle Case

Log base 2 of a number

Output:

Log base 2 of 16 is: 4.00

#include <iostream>

#include <cmath>

using namespace std;

int main() {

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 Cs-308 assignment

int number = 16;

double result = log2(number);

cout << "Log base 2 of " << number << " is: " << result << endl;

return 0;

Next two letters

Output:

Input letter: A, Next letters: B, C

#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

int main() {

char letter = 'A';

cout << "Input letter: " << letter << ", Next letters: "

<< char(letter + 1) << ", " << char(letter + 2) << endl;

return 0;

Sum of digits of a five-digit number

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 Cs-308 assignment

Output:

Sum of digits of 12345 is: 15

#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

int main() {

int number = 12345, sum = 0, digit;

int temp = number;

while (temp > 0) {

digit = temp % 10;

sum += digit;

temp /= 10;

cout << "Sum of digits of " << number << " is: " << sum << endl;

return 0;

Gross Salary Calculation

Output:

Basic Salary: 20000, Gross Salary: 32000

#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

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 Cs-308 assignment

int main() {

double basic = 20000;

double gross = basic + 0.35 * basic + 0.25 * basic;

cout << "Basic Salary: " << basic << ", Gross Salary: " << gross << endl;

return 0;

Add two times in hh:mm:ss

Output:

Total time is 4:6:20

#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

int main() {

int h1 = 2, m1 = 45, s1 = 50;

int h2 = 1, m2 = 20, s2 = 30;

int totalSec = s1 + s2;

int totalMin = m1 + m2 + totalSec / 60;

int totalHour = h1 + h2 + totalMin / 60;

totalSec %= 60;

totalMin %= 60;

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 Cs-308 assignment

cout << "Total time is " << totalHour << ":" << totalMin << ":" << totalSec << endl;

return 0;

Compound Interest

Output:

Compound Interest = 102.50

#include <iostream>

#include <cmath>

using namespace std;

int main() {

double P = 1000, R = 5, T = 2;

double CI = P * pow((1 + R / 100), T) - P;

cout << "Compound Interest = " << CI << endl;

return 0;

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 Cs-308 assignment

ASCII Code

Output:

ASCII code of 'A' is: 65

#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

int main() {

char ch = 'A';

cout << "ASCII code of '" << ch << "' is: " << int(ch) << endl;

return 0;

Total and Percentage

Output:

Total Marks: 400, Percentage: 80.00%

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 Cs-308 assignment

#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

int main() {

int marks[5] = {80, 75, 90, 85, 70}, total = 0;

for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {

total += marks[i];

float percentage = (total / 500.0) * 100;

cout << "Total Marks: " << total << ", Percentage: " << percentage << "%" << endl;

return 0;

Palindrome Check

#include <iostream>

#include <string>

#include <algorithm>

using namespace std;

bool isPalindrome(string str) {

string reversed = str;

reverse(reversed.begin(), reversed.end());

return str == reversed;

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 Cs-308 assignment

int main() {

string input;

cout << "Enter a string: ";

getline(cin, input);

if (isPalindrome(input)) {

cout << "The string is a palindrome." << endl;

} else {

cout << "The string is not a palindrome." << endl;

return 0;

Output:

Enter a string: madam

The string is a palindrome.

Enter a string: hello

The string is not a palindrome.

Bank Account Class

#include <iostream>

#include <string>

using namespace std;

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 Cs-308 assignment

class BankAccount {

private:

string depositorName;

string accountNumber;

string accountType;

double balance;

public:

BankAccount(string name, string accNum, string type, double initialBalance) {

depositorName = name;

accountNumber = accNum;

accountType = type;

balance = initialBalance;

void deposit(double amount) {

balance += amount;

cout << "Deposited: " << amount << endl;

void withdraw(double amount) {

if (amount > balance) {

cout << "Insufficient balance!" << endl;

} else {

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 Cs-308 assignment

balance -= amount;

cout << "Withdrawn: " << amount << endl;

void display() {

cout << "Account Holder: " << depositorName << endl;

cout << "Balance: " << balance << endl;

};

int main() {

BankAccount account("John Doe", "123456789", "Savings", 1000.0);

account.display();

account.deposit(500);

account.withdraw(200);

account.display();

return 0;

Output:

Account Holder: John Doe

Balance: 1000

Deposited: 500

Withdrawn: 200

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 Cs-308 assignment

Account Holder: John Doe

Balance: 1300

Temperature Message

#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

int main() {

float temp;

cout << "Enter temperature: ";

cin >> temp;

if (temp > 35) {

cout << "Hot day" << endl;

} else if (temp >= 25 && temp <= 35) {

cout << "Pleasant day" << endl;

} else {

cout << "Cool day" << endl;

return 0;

Output:

Enter temperature: 28

Pleasant day

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 Cs-308 assignment

Enter temperature: 12

Cool day

Distance Converter

#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

int main() {

float value;

int choice;

cout << "Conversion Options:" << endl;

cout << "1. Inches to Centimeters" << endl;

cout << "2. Gallons to Liters" << endl;

cout << "3. Miles to Kilometers" << endl;

cout << "4. Pounds to Kilograms" << endl;

cout << "Enter your choice (1-4): ";

cin >> choice;

if (choice < 1 || choice > 4) {

cout << "Invalid choice!" << endl;

return 1;

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 Cs-308 assignment

cout << "Enter value to convert: ";

cin >> value;

switch(choice) {

case 1:

cout << value << " inches = " << value * 2.54 << " cm" << endl;

break;

case 2:

cout << value << " gallons = " << value * 3.785 << " liters" << endl;

break;

case 3:

cout << value << " miles = " << value * 1.609 << " km" << endl;

break;

case 4:

cout << value << " pounds = " << value * 0.4536 << " kg" << endl;

break;

return 0;

Output:

Conversion Options:

1. Inches to Centimeters

2. Gallons to Liters

3. Miles to Kilometers

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 Cs-308 assignment

4. Pounds to Kilograms

Enter your choice (1-4): 3

Enter value to convert: 10

10 miles = 16.09 km

Player Class with Static Member

#include <iostream>

#include <string>

using namespace std;

class Run {

private:

string runnerName;

float distance;

static float maxDistance;

static string bestRunner;

public:

void getData() {

cout << "Enter runner name: ";

cin >> runnerName;

cout << "Enter distance covered: ";

cin >> distance;

if (distance > maxDistance) {

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 Cs-308 assignment

maxDistance = distance;

bestRunner = runnerName;

void showData() {

cout << "Runner: " << runnerName << endl;

cout << "Distance: " << distance << " km" << endl;

static void showBestRunner() {

cout << "Best Runner: " << bestRunner << " (" << maxDistance << " km)" << endl;

};

float Run::maxDistance = 0;

string Run::bestRunner = "";

int main() {

Run runners[3];

for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {

cout << "\nEnter details for runner " << i+1 << endl;

runners[i].getData();

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 Cs-308 assignment

cout << "\nAll Runners:" << endl;

for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {

runners[i].showData();

cout << "\n";

Run::showBestRunner();

return 0;

Output:

Enter details for runner 1

Enter runner name: Alice

Enter distance covered: 12.5

Enter details for runner 2

Enter runner name: Bob

Enter distance covered: 15.2

Enter details for runner 3

Enter runner name: Carol

Enter distance covered: 14.8

All Runners:

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 Cs-308 assignment

Runner: Alice

Distance: 12.5 km

Runner: Bob

Distance: 15.2 km

Runner: Carol

Distance: 14.8 km

Best Runner: Bob (15.2 km)

Prime Number Check

#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

bool isPrime(int *num) {

if (*num <= 1) return false;

for (int i = 2; i * i <= *num; i++) {

if (*num % i == 0) return false;

return true;

int main() {

int number;

cout << "Enter an integer: ";

cin >> number;

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 Cs-308 assignment

if (isPrime(&number)) {

cout << number << " is a prime number." << endl;

} else {

cout << number << " is not a prime number." << endl;

return 0;

Output:

Enter an integer: 17

17 is a prime number.

Enter an integer: 22

22 is not a prime number.

String Triangle Pattern

#include <iostream>

#include <string>

using namespace std;

int main() {

string input;

cout << "Enter a string: ";

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 Cs-308 assignment

getline(cin, input);

for (int i = 0; i < input.length(); i++) {

for (int j = 0; j <= i; j++) {

cout << input[j] << " ";

cout << endl;

return 0;

Output:

Enter a string: World

Wo

Wor

Worl

World

Character Case Conversion

#include <iostream>

#include <cctype>

using namespace std;

void convertChar(string &str, char ch) {

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 Cs-308 assignment

for (char &c : str) {

if (tolower(c) == tolower(ch)) {

if (islower(c)) c = toupper(c);

else c = tolower(c);

int main() {

string input;

char character;

cout << "Enter a string: ";

getline(cin, input);

cout << "Enter a character: ";

cin >> character;

convertChar(input, character);

cout << "Modified string: " << input << endl;

return 0;

Output:

Enter a string: Hello World

Enter a character: l

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 Cs-308 assignment

Modified string: HeLLo WorLd

Series Sum

#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

int main() {

double sum = 0.0;

for (int i = 1; i <= 99; i++) {

sum += static_cast<double>(i) / (i + 1);

cout << "Sum of series: " << sum << endl;

return 0;

Output:

Sum of series: 94.4126

Leap Year Check

#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

bool isLeapYear(int year) {

if (year % 4 != 0) return false;

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 Cs-308 assignment

else if (year % 100 != 0) return true;

else return (year % 400 == 0);

int main() {

int year;

cout << "Enter a year: ";

cin >> year;

if (isLeapYear(year)) {

cout << year << " is a leap year." << endl;

} else {

cout << year << " is not a leap year." << endl;

return 0;

Output:

Enter a year: 2020

2020 is a leap year.

Enter a year: 1900

1900 is not a leap year.

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 Cs-308 assignment

Array of Structures

#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

struct Person {

float income;

float taxRate;

float tax;

};

int main() {

Person people[5];

for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {

cout << "Enter income for person " << i+1 << ": ";

cin >> people[i].income;

cout << "Enter tax rate (as decimal): ";

cin >> people[i].taxRate;

people[i].tax = people[i].income * people[i].taxRate;

cout << "\nTax Details:\n";

for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {

cout << "Person " << i+1 << ": Income=" << people[i].income

<< ", Tax=" << people[i].tax << endl;

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 Cs-308 assignment

return 0;

Output:

Enter income for person 1: 50000

Enter tax rate (as decimal): 0.2

Enter income for person 2: 30000

Enter tax rate (as decimal): 0.15

Enter income for person 3: 75000

Enter tax rate (as decimal): 0.25

Enter income for person 4: 40000

Enter tax rate (as decimal): 0.18

Enter income for person 5: 60000

Enter tax rate (as decimal): 0.22

Tax Details:

Person 1: Income=50000, Tax=10000

Person 2: Income=30000, Tax=4500

Person 3: Income=75000, Tax=18750

Person 4: Income=40000, Tax=7200

Person 5: Income=60000, Tax=13200

Prime Numbers in Array

#include <iostream>

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 Cs-308 assignment

using namespace std;

bool isPrime(int num) {

if (num <= 1) return false;

for (int i = 2; i * i <= num; i++) {

if (num % i == 0) return false;

return true;

int main() {

int numbers[10], count = 0;

cout << "Enter 10 integers:\n";

for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {

cin >> numbers[i];

if (isPrime(numbers[i])) count++;

cout << "Number of prime numbers: " << count << endl;

return 0;

Output:

Enter 10 integers:

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 Cs-308 assignment

7 12 23 34 41 56 67 78 89 97

Number of prime numbers: 6

Quadratic Equation Roots

#include <iostream>

#include <cmath>

using namespace std;

void findRoots(double a, double b, double c) {

double discriminant = b*b - 4*a*c;

if (discriminant < 0) {

cout << "Sorry, the roots are not real." << endl;

} else {

double root1 = (-b + sqrt(discriminant)) / (2*a);

double root2 = (-b - sqrt(discriminant)) / (2*a);

cout << "Roots of the equation are " << root1 << " and " << root2 << endl;

int main() {

double a, b, c;

cout << "Enter coefficients a, b, c: ";

cin >> a >> b >> c;

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 Cs-308 assignment

if (a == 0) {

cout << "This is not a quadratic equation!" << endl;

} else {

findRoots(a, b, c);

return 0;

/* Output:

Enter coefficients a, b, c: 1 1 -6

Roots of the equation are 2 and -3

Enter coefficients a, b, c: 1 0 9

Sorry, the roots are not real.

*/

Student Grades

#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

int main() {

int marks[10], gradeA = 0, gradeB = 0, gradeC = 0, gradeF = 0;

cout << "Enter marks of 10 students: ";

for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {

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 Cs-308 assignment

cin >> marks[i];

if (marks[i] >= 80) gradeA++;

else if (marks[i] >= 60) gradeB++;

else if (marks[i] >= 40) gradeC++;

else gradeF++;

cout << "\nGrade Distribution:\n";

cout << "A: " << gradeA << " students\n";

cout << "B: " << gradeB << " students\n";

cout << "C: " << gradeC << " students\n";

cout << "F: " << gradeF << " students\n";

return 0;

/* Output:

Enter marks of 10 students: 85 72 65 92 38 45 78 83 55 67

Grade Distribution:

A: 3 students

B: 3 students

C: 2 students

F: 2 students

*/

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 Cs-308 assignment

```

Employee Tax Calculation

#include <iostream>

#include <string>

using namespace std;

int main() {

const int NUM_EMPLOYEES = 10;

string names[NUM_EMPLOYEES];

float salaries[NUM_EMPLOYEES];

for (int i = 0; i < NUM_EMPLOYEES; i++) {

cout << "Enter name of employee " << i+1 << ": ";

cin >> names[i];

cout << "Enter monthly salary: ";

cin >> salaries[i];

cout << "\nEmployee Details:\n";

for (int i = 0; i < NUM_EMPLOYEES; i++) {

float annualSalary = salaries[i] * 12;

cout << names[i] << ": " << annualSalary;

if (annualSalary >= 250000) {

cout << " - Tax to be paid" << endl;

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 Cs-308 assignment

} else {

cout << " - No tax" << endl;

return 0;

/* Output:

Enter name of employee 1: Alice

Enter monthly salary: 25000

Enter name of employee 2: Bob

Enter monthly salary: 18000

Enter name of employee 3: Carol

Enter monthly salary: 30000

Employee Details:

Alice: 300000 - Tax to be paid

Bob: 216000 - No tax

Carol: 360000 - Tax to be paid

*/

```Programming Exercises – Image 2 (Pointers & Arrays)

Sort Array of Integers Using Pointers

#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

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 Cs-308 assignment

void sort(int* arr, int size) {

for (int i = 0; i < size - 1; i++) {

for (int j = i + 1; j < size; j++) {

if (*(arr + i) > *(arr + j)) {

int temp = *(arr + i);

*(arr + i) = *(arr + j);

*(arr + j) = temp;

int main() {

int arr[5] = {5, 2, 9, 1, 3};

sort(arr, 5);

cout << "Sorted array: ";

for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++)

cout << arr[i] << " ";

return 0;

Sample Output:

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 Cs-308 assignment

Sorted array: 1 2 3 5 9

Swap Two Integers Using Pointers

#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

void swap(int* a, int* b) {

int temp = *a;

*a = *b;

*b = temp;

int main() {

int x = 10, y = 20;

cout << "Before swap: x = " << x << ", y = " << y << endl;

swap(&x, &y);

cout << "After swap: x = " << x << ", y = " << y << endl;

return 0;

Sample Output:

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 Cs-308 assignment

Before swap: x = 10, y = 20

After swap: x = 20, y = 10

Declare Five Integer Variables and Find Maximum Using Pointers

#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

int main() {

int a = 10, b = 30, c = 25, d = 50, e = 5;

int* ptr[5] = {&a, &b, &c, &d, &e};

int max = *ptr[0];

for (int i = 1; i < 5; i++) {

if (*ptr[i] > max)

max = *ptr[i];

cout << "Maximum value is: " << max << endl;

return 0;

Sample Output:

Maximum value is: 50

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 Cs-308 assignment

Structure with Account ID and Amount Using Dynamic Array

#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

struct Account {

int id;

float amount;

};

void input(Account* acc, int n) {

for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {

cout << "Enter ID and Amount for Account " << i + 1 << ": ";

cin >> acc[i].id >> acc[i].amount;

void display(Account* acc, int n) {

for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {

cout << "Account ID: " << acc[i].id << ", Amount: " << acc[i].amount << endl;

int main() {

int n;

cout << "Enter number of account holders: ";

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 Cs-308 assignment

cin >> n;

Account* acc = new Account[n];

input(acc, n);

display(acc, n);

delete[] acc;

return 0;

Sample Output:

Enter number of account holders: 2

Enter ID and Amount for Account 1: 101 2000

Enter ID and Amount for Account 2: 102 3000

Account ID: 101, Amount: 2000

Account ID: 102, Amount: 3000

Average Marks of Students Using Dynamic Array

#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

int main() {

int n;

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 Cs-308 assignment

cout << "Enter number of students: ";

cin >> n;

float* marks = new float[n];

float sum = 0;

for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {

cout << "Enter marks for student " << i + 1 << ": ";

cin >> marks[i];

sum += marks[i];

cout << "Average marks: " << sum / n << endl;

delete[] marks;

return 0;

Sample Output:

Enter number of students: 3

Enter marks for student 1: 80

Enter marks for student 2: 90

Enter marks for student 3: 100

Average marks: 90

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 Cs-308 assignment

Swap Two Values by Passing Pointers

#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

void swap(int* x, int* y) {

int temp = *x;

*x = *y;

*y = temp;

int main() {

int a = 15, b = 25;

cout << "Before: a = " << a << ", b = " << b << endl;

swap(&a, &b);

cout << "After: a = " << a << ", b = " << b << endl;

return 0;

Prime Check Using Pointer to Function

#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

bool isPrime(int n) {

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 Cs-308 assignment

if (n < 2) return false;

for (int i = 2; i <= n / 2; i++)

if (n % i == 0)

return false;

return true;

int main() {

int num;

bool (*ptr)(int) = isPrime;

cout << "Enter a number: ";

cin >> num;

if (ptr(num))

cout << num << " is a prime number.\n";

else

cout << num << " is not a prime number.\n";

return 0;

}[5/28, 7:51 PM] Home: ✅ Programming Exercises – Image 1

Distance Covered by Players

#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

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 Cs-308 assignment

struct Player {

string name;

int minutes;

int seconds;

};

int main() {

Player p1, p2;

cout << "Enter name, minutes and seconds for Player 1: ";

cin >> p1.name >> p1.minutes >> p1.seconds;

cout << "Enter name, minutes and seconds for Player 2: ";

cin >> p2.name >> p2.minutes >> p2.seconds;

int time1 = p1.minutes * 60 + p1.seconds;

int time2 = p2.minutes * 60 + p2.seconds;

cout << "\nWinner is: ";

if (time1 < time2)

cout << p1.name << endl;

else

cout << p2.name << endl;

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 Cs-308 assignment

return 0;

Sample Output:

Enter name, minutes and seconds for Player 1: Ali 2 45

Enter name, minutes and seconds for Player 2: Sara 3 10

Winner is: Ali

Employee with More Salary

#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

struct Employee {

int code;

float salary;

string grade;

};

int main() {

Employee e1, e2;

cout << "Enter code, salary, and grade for Employee 1: ";

cin >> e1.code >> e1.salary >> e1.grade;

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 Cs-308 assignment

cout << "Enter code, salary, and grade for Employee 2: ";

cin >> e2.code >> e2.salary >> e2.grade;

cout << "\nEmployee with higher salary:\n";

if (e1.salary > e2.salary)

cout << "Code: " << e1.code << ", Salary: " << e1.salary << ", Grade: " << e1.grade << endl;

else

cout << "Code: " << e2.code << ", Salary: " << e2.salary << ", Grade: " << e2.grade << endl;

return 0;

Sample Output:

Enter code, salary, and grade for Employee 1: 101 55000 A

Enter code, salary, and grade for Employee 2: 102 60000 B

Employee with higher salary:

Code: 102, Salary: 60000, Grade: B

Income and Tax of 5 Persons

#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

struct Person {

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 Cs-308 assignment

float income;

float taxRate;

};

int main() {

Person persons[5];

for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {

cout << "Enter income and tax rate for person " << i + 1 << ": ";

cin >> persons[i].income >> persons[i].taxRate;

for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {

float tax = persons[i].income * persons[i].taxRate / 100;

cout << "Tax for person " << i + 1 << ": " << tax << endl;

return 0;

Sample Output:

Enter income and tax rate for person 1: 50000 10

Tax for person 1: 5000

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 Cs-308 assignment

Book and Order Structures

#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

struct Book {

int bookID;

string name;

float price;

};

struct Order {

int orderID;

Book books[5];

};

int main() {

Order order;

cout << "Enter Order ID: ";

cin >> order.orderID;

for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {

cout << "Enter BookID, Name, Price for Book " << i + 1 << ": ";

cin >> order.books[i].bookID >> order.books[i].name >> order.books[i].price;

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 Cs-308 assignment

cout << "\nOrder Details:\n";

cout << "Order ID: " << order.orderID << endl;

for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {

cout << "Book " << i + 1 << ": " << order.books[i].bookID << ", "

<< order.books[i].name << ", $" << order.books[i].price << endl;

return 0;

Sample Output:

Enter Order ID: 123

Enter BookID, Name, Price for Book 1: 1 Cpp 250

Order Details:

Order ID: 123

Book 1: 1, Cpp, $250

...

[5/28, 7:52 PM] Home: // ===============================

// C++ Programming Exercises

// Covers: Structures, Pointers, Strings

// ===============================

#include <iostream>

#include <cstring>

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 Cs-308 assignment

#include <cctype>

using namespace std;

// ---------- STRUCTURE EXERCISES ----------

struct Player {

int minutes;

int seconds;

float distance;

};

int totalSeconds(Player p) {

return p.minutes * 60 + p.seconds;

void structure_ex1() {

Player p1, p2;

cout << "\n[Structure 1] Player Winner Based on Speed\n";

cout << "Enter distance, minutes and seconds for Player 1: ";

cin >> p1.distance >> p1.minutes >> p1.seconds;

cout << "Enter distance, minutes and seconds for Player 2: ";

cin >> p2.distance >> p2.minutes >> p2.seconds;

float speed1 = p1.distance / totalSeconds(p1);

float speed2 = p2.distance / totalSeconds(p2);

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 Cs-308 assignment

cout << ((speed1 > speed2) ? "Player 1 wins\n" : "Player 2 wins\n");

struct Employee {

int code;

float salary;

string grade;

};

void structure_ex2() {

Employee e1, e2;

cout << "\n[Structure 2] Higher Salary Employee\n";

cout << "Enter code, salary, and grade for Employee 1: ";

cin >> e1.code >> e1.salary >> e1.grade;

cout << "Enter code, salary, and grade for Employee 2: ";

cin >> e2.code >> e2.salary >> e2.grade;

cout << ((e1.salary > e2.salary) ? "Employee 1 has higher salary\n" : "Employee 2 has higher salary\n");

struct Person {

float income;

float taxRate;

};

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 Cs-308 assignment

void structure_ex3() {

Person p[5];

cout << "\n[Structure 3] Tax Calculation\n";

for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {

cout << "Enter income and tax rate for person " << i + 1 << ": ";

cin >> p[i].income >> p[i].taxRate;

for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {

cout << "Tax for person " << i + 1 << ": " << (p[i].income * p[i].taxRate / 100) << endl;

struct Book {

int bookID;

string name;

float price;

};

struct Order {

int orderID;

Book books[5];

};

void structure_ex4() {

Order o;

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 Cs-308 assignment

cout << "\n[Structure 4] Book Order\nEnter order ID: ";

cin >> o.orderID;

for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {

cout << "Enter book ID, name, price for Book " << i + 1 << ": ";

cin >> o.books[i].bookID >> o.books[i].name >> o.books[i].price;

cout << "Order ID: " << o.orderID << endl;

for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {

cout << "Book " << i + 1 << ": " << o.books[i].bookID << ", " << o.books[i].name << ", $" <<
o.books[i].price << endl;

// ---------- POINTER EXERCISES ----------

void pointer_ex1() {

int arr[5] = {5, 2, 9, 1, 3};

int* p = arr;

for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) {

for (int j = i + 1; j < 5; j++) {

if (*(p + i) > *(p + j)) {

int temp = *(p + i);

*(p + i) = *(p + j);

*(p + j) = temp;

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 Cs-308 assignment

cout << "\n[Pointer 1] Sorted Array: ";

for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) cout << *(p + i) << " ";

cout << endl;

void pointer_ex2() {

int a = 10, b = 20;

int *x = &a, *y = &b;

int temp = *x;

*x = *y;

*y = temp;

cout << "\n[Pointer 2] Swapped: a = " << a << ", b = " << b << endl;

void pointer_ex3() {

int a = 10, b = 30, c = 25, d = 50, e = 5;

int* arr[] = {&a, &b, &c, &d, &e};

int max = *arr[0];

for (int i = 1; i < 5; i++)

if (*arr[i] > max) max = *arr[i];

cout << "\n[Pointer 3] Maximum Value: " << max << endl;

struct Account {

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 Cs-308 assignment

int id;

float amount;

};

void pointer_ex4() {

int n;

cout << "\n[Pointer 4] Account Details\nEnter number of accounts: ";

cin >> n;

Account* acc = new Account[n];

for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {

cout << "Enter ID and Amount for Account " << i + 1 << ": ";

cin >> acc[i].id >> acc[i].amount;

for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {

cout << "Account ID: " << acc[i].id << ", Amount: " << acc[i].amount << endl;

delete[] acc;

void pointer_ex5() {

int n;

cout << "\n[Pointer 5] Average Marks\nEnter number of students: ";

cin >> n;

float* marks = new float[n];

float sum = 0;

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 Cs-308 assignment

for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {

cout << "Enter marks for student " << i + 1 << ": ";

cin >> marks[i];

sum += marks[i];

cout << "Average marks: " << sum / n << endl;

delete[] marks;

bool isPrime(int n) {

if (n < 2) return false;

for (int i = 2; i <= n / 2; i++)

if (n % i == 0) return false;

return true;

void pointer_ex6() {

int num;

bool (*ptr)(int) = isPrime;

cout << "\n[Pointer 6] Prime Checker\nEnter a number: ";

cin >> num;

cout << (ptr(num) ? "Prime\n" : "Not Prime\n");

// ---------- STRING EXERCISES ----------

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 Cs-308 assignment

void string_ex1() {

char str[100];

cout << "\n[String 1] Palindrome Check\nEnter a string: ";

cin >> str;

int len = strlen(str);

bool isPal = true;

for (int i = 0; i < len / 2; i++)

if (str[i] != str[len - 1 - i]) {

isPal = false;

break;

cout << (isPal ? "Palindrome\n" : "Not Palindrome\n");

void string_ex2() {

char str[200];

cout << "\n[String 2] Count Words & Characters\nEnter a string: ";

cin.ignore();

cin.getline(str, 200);

int words = 0, chars = 0;

bool inWord = false;

for (int i = 0; str[i]; i++) {

if (str[i] != ' ') {

chars++;

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 Cs-308 assignment

if (!inWord) {

words++;

inWord = true;

} else inWord = false;

cout << "Words: " << words << ", Characters (no spaces): " << chars << endl;

void string_ex3() {

char str[100];

cout << "\n[String 3] Reverse String\nEnter a string: ";

cin >> str;

int len = strlen(str);

cout << "Reversed: ";

for (int i = len - 1; i >= 0; i--)

cout << str[i];

cout << endl;

void string_ex4() {

char str[100];

cout << "\n[String 4] Triangle Pattern\nEnter a string: ";

cin >> str;

for (int i = 0; i < strlen(str); i++) {

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 Cs-308 assignment

for (int j = 0; j <= i; j++)

cout << str[j];

cout << endl;

void string_ex5() {

char str[100], ch;

cout << "\n[String 5] Toggle Case\nEnter a string: ";

cin >> str;

cout << "Enter character to toggle: ";

cin >> ch;

for (int i = 0; str[i]; i++) {

if (str[i] == ch) {

if (islower(str[i])) str[i] = toupper(str[i]);

else str[i] = tolower(str[i]);

cout << "Modified: " << str << endl;

int main() {

structure_ex1();

structure_ex2();

structure_ex3();

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 Cs-308 assignment

structure_ex4();

pointer_ex1();

pointer_ex2();

pointer_ex3();

pointer_ex4();

pointer_ex5();

pointer_ex6();

string_ex1();

string_ex2();

string_ex3();

string_ex4();

string_ex5();

return 0;

}// ===============================

// C++ Programming Exercises

// Covers: Structures, Pointers, Strings

// ===============================

#include <iostream>

#include <cstring>

#include <cctype>

using namespace std;

56
 Cs-308 assignment

// ---------- STRUCTURE EXERCISES ----------

struct Player {

int minutes;

int seconds;

float distance;

};

int totalSeconds(Player p) {

return p.minutes * 60 + p.seconds;

void structure_ex1() {

Player p1, p2;

cout << "\n[Structure 1] Player Winner Based on Speed\n";

cout << "Enter distance, minutes and seconds for Player 1: ";

cin >> p1.distance >> p1.minutes >> p1.seconds;

cout << "Enter distance, minutes and seconds for Player 2: ";

cin >> p2.distance >> p2.minutes >> p2.seconds;

float speed1 = p1.distance / totalSeconds(p1);

float speed2 = p2.distance / totalSeconds(p2);

cout << ((speed1 > speed2) ? "Player 1 wins\n" : "Player 2 wins\n");

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 Cs-308 assignment

struct Employee {

int code;

float salary;

string grade;

};

void structure_ex2() {

Employee e1, e2;

cout << "\n[Structure 2] Higher Salary Employee\n";

cout << "Enter code, salary, and grade for Employee 1: ";

cin >> e1.code >> e1.salary >> e1.grade;

cout << "Enter code, salary, and grade for Employee 2: ";

cin >> e2.code >> e2.salary >> e2.grade;

cout << ((e1.salary > e2.salary) ? "Employee 1 has higher salary\n" : "Employee 2 has higher salary\n");

struct Person {

float income;

float taxRate;

};

void structure_ex3() {

Person p[5];

cout << "\n[Structure 3] Tax Calculation\n";

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 Cs-308 assignment

for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {

cout << "Enter income and tax rate for person " << i + 1 << ": ";

cin >> p[i].income >> p[i].taxRate;

for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {

cout << "Tax for person " << i + 1 << ": " << (p[i].income * p[i].taxRate / 100) << endl;

struct Book {

int bookID;

string name;

float price;

};

struct Order {

int orderID;

Book books[5];

};

void structure_ex4() {

Order o;

cout << "\n[Structure 4] Book Order\nEnter order ID: ";

cin >> o.orderID;

for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {

cout << "Enter book ID, name, price for Book " << i + 1 << ": ";

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 Cs-308 assignment

cin >> o.books[i].bookID >> o.books[i].name >> o.books[i].price;

cout << "Order ID: " << o.orderID << endl;

for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {

cout << "Book " << i + 1 << ": " << o.books[i].bookID << ", " << o.books[i].name << ", $" <<
o.books[i].price << endl;

// ---------- POINTER EXERCISES ----------

void pointer_ex1() {

int arr[5] = {5, 2, 9, 1, 3};

int* p = arr;

for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) {

for (int j = i + 1; j < 5; j++) {

if (*(p + i) > *(p + j)) {

int temp = *(p + i);

*(p + i) = *(p + j);

*(p + j) = temp;

cout << "\n[Pointer 1] Sorted Array: ";

for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) cout << *(p + i) << " ";

cout << endl;

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 Cs-308 assignment

void pointer_ex2() {

int a = 10, b = 20;

int *x = &a, *y = &b;

int temp = *x;

*x = *y;

*y = temp;

cout << "\n[Pointer 2] Swapped: a = " << a << ", b = " << b << endl;

void pointer_ex3() {

int a = 10, b = 30, c = 25, d = 50, e = 5;

int* arr[] = {&a, &b, &c, &d, &e};

int max = *arr[0];

for (int i = 1; i < 5; i++)

if (*arr[i] > max) max = *arr[i];

cout << "\n[Pointer 3] Maximum Value: " << max << endl;

struct Account {

int id;

float amount;

};

void pointer_ex4() {

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 Cs-308 assignment

int n;

cout << "\n[Pointer 4] Account Details\nEnter number of accounts: ";

cin >> n;

Account* acc = new Account[n];

for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {

cout << "Enter ID and Amount for Account " << i + 1 << ": ";

cin >> acc[i].id >> acc[i].amount;

for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {

cout << "Account ID: " << acc[i].id << ", Amount: " << acc[i].amount << endl;

delete[] acc;

void pointer_ex5() {

int n;

cout << "\n[Pointer 5] Average Marks\nEnter number of students: ";

cin >> n;

float* marks = new float[n];

float sum = 0;

for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {

cout << "Enter marks for student " << i + 1 << ": ";

cin >> marks[i];

sum += marks[i];

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 Cs-308 assignment

cout << "Average marks: " << sum / n << endl;

delete[] marks;

bool isPrime(int n) {

if (n < 2) return false;

for (int i = 2; i <= n / 2; i++)

if (n % i == 0) return false;

return true;

void pointer_ex6() {

int num;

bool (*ptr)(int) = isPrime;

cout << "\n[Pointer 6] Prime Checker\nEnter a number: ";

cin >> num;

cout << (ptr(num) ? "Prime\n" : "Not Prime\n");

// ---------- STRING EXERCISES ----------

void string_ex1() {

char str[100];

cout << "\n[String 1] Palindrome Check\nEnter a string: ";

cin >> str;

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 Cs-308 assignment

int len = strlen(str);

bool isPal = true;

for (int i = 0; i < len / 2; i++)

if (str[i] != str[len - 1 - i]) {

isPal = false;

break;

cout << (isPal ? "Palindrome\n" : "Not Palindrome\n");

void string_ex2() {

char str[200];

cout << "\n[String 2] Count Words & Characters\nEnter a string: ";

cin.ignore();

cin.getline(str, 200);

int words = 0, chars = 0;

bool inWord = false;

for (int i = 0; str[i]; i++) {

if (str[i] != ' ') {

chars++;

if (!inWord) {

words++;

inWord = true;

} else inWord = false;

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 Cs-308 assignment

cout << "Words: " << words << ", Characters (no spaces): " << chars << endl;

void string_ex3() {

char str[100];

cout << "\n[String 3] Reverse String\nEnter a string: ";

cin >> str;

int len = strlen(str);

cout << "Reversed: ";

for (int i = len - 1; i >= 0; i--)

cout << str[i];

cout << endl;

void string_ex4() {

char str[100];

cout << "\n[String 4] Triangle Pattern\nEnter a string: ";

cin >> str;

for (int i = 0; i < strlen(str); i++) {

for (int j = 0; j <= i; j++)

cout << str[j];

cout << endl;

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 Cs-308 assignment

void string_ex5() {

char str[100], ch;

cout << "\n[String 5] Toggle Case\nEnter a string: ";

cin >> str;

cout << "Enter character to toggle: ";

cin >> ch;

for (int i = 0; str[i]; i++) {

if (str[i] == ch) {

if (islower(str[i])) str[i] = toupper(str[i]);

else str[i] = tolower(str[i]);

cout << "Modified: " << str << endl;

int main() {

structure_ex1();

structure_ex2();

structure_ex3();

structure_ex4();

pointer_ex1();

pointer_ex2();

pointer_ex3();

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 Cs-308 assignment

pointer_ex4();

pointer_ex5();

pointer_ex6();

string_ex1();

string_ex2();

string_ex3();

string_ex4();

string_ex5();

return 0;

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