What is Vedic Mathematics

 Vedic Mathematics is an ancient system of calculation which comprises a collection of techniques and sutras to solve
mathematical problems in an easy and faster way.
 It includes 16 Sutras which are formulae and 13 sub-Sutras which are sub-Formulae.
 Vedic Mathematics sutras can be applied to solve any problems involving arithmetic, geometry, algebra, conics, and
calculus.
 Vedic Mathematics has been proved to be beneficial for students and anyone practicing maths in saving time,
increasing concentration power, expanding brain power, and memorizing.

History
 Vedic Mathematics was discovered by Shri Bharathi Krishna Tirthaji between AD 1911 and 1918. Regarded as the
Father of Vedic Maths.
 Tirthaji published his findings in a book titled Vedic Mathematics in 1957 where in he wrote about the 16 Sutras.
 Born in 1884 in the Puri village of Orissa, Tirthaji rediscovered Vedic Mathematics from the Vedas between 1911
and 1918.
 Tirthaji was highly proficient at subjects such as Mathematics, Humanities, Science, and Sanskrit.
 He had claimed to have rediscovered the Sutras (formulae) from the Vedas specifically Rig-Veda directly or
indirectly..
 Features
1. Integrity- Learning becomes easy because of the integrity of the Vedic mathematics subject. Every sutra and
upasutra is co-related and uniform. One rule may be applied in different operation.

One single sutra, i.e. NIkhilam Navatascaramam dasathah is equally useful for the general multiplication and Division
and so on many other sutras has this type of integration.

2. Simplicity- This is the unique features of Vedic Maths. Let suppose if you are doing multiplication through the
Present Popular method it will complete in 3, 4, 5 or more than five-step because its depend on the number you multiply but
Irrespective of Number in Vedic Calculation system will give you result in one step. Apparently, it saves your time and
increases your productivity.

3. Creativity-Many methods Apply on a single question or In another word one problem have any solution. Its inspire
you to encourage your mind to find your unique approach to solve the problem .

4. Fast and Accurate Result- Most of the problem solved in mind with a single step which saves time and less
number of phase also increase the accuracy.

5. Intuitional abilities- Less calculation work give a faster result. Its encourage student they are competing with
each other to provide the speedier effect which increases his intuition.
6. Improve Memory and Concentration- Most of the calculation is done without the pen and paper so the
student needs to retain his calculation result for further process and it will inevitably increase the retention memory of the
student.

7.Algebraic Connection- One advantage of the Vedic mathematics system is if you become good in the arithmetic
calculation and master on it they whole technique is also applicable to the Algebraic problem. This type of integrity feature
makes the subject more accessible.

8.Application Area- According to Jagadguru: it covers each and every part of every chapter of every branch of
mathematics including arithmetic algebra geometry Plain and solid, trigonometry plane and spherical, conics geometrical and
analytical astronomy calculus differential and integral etc. in fact there is no part of mathematics which is beyond their
jurisdiction.

9.Innovation- The book Vedic mathematics give the new set of approach who invite the many scholars and mathematician
for research and find the maximum outcome from Vedic mathematics and its application in modern mathematic s.
Sutras
Vedic Maths or Vedic Mathematics is a collection of Methods or Sutras to solve numerical computations quickly and
faster. It consists of 16 Sutras called Formulae and 13 sub-sutras called Sub Formulae, which can be applied to the solving
of problems in arithmetic, algebra, geometry, calculus, conics, etc. All the sutras and sub sutras of Vedic maths help to
perform mathematical operations quickly and accurately.
Sub-Sutra
 Basic Vedic Maths Tricks

1. Squaring Of A Number Whose Unit Digit Is 5

One of the vedic maths tricks that answer how to calculate fast is squaring of a number whose unit digit is 5. You can
quickly compute the square of a two-digit number that ends with 5. Irrespective of the syllabus you are studying (be it
CBSE or ICSE), you will certainly come across such sums.

Multiply the first digit on the left with itself + 1 and put 25 on the end. That is all!

calculate (55)² =?

Step 1. Multiply 55 x 55 = . . 25 (end terms)

Step 2. Take 5x (5+1) = 30

So the answer is 3025.

Find (45) ² =?

Step 1. 45 x 45 = …….25 (in the end)

Step 2. 4x (4+1) = 4 x 5 = 20
Hence the answer will be 2025.

calculate (55)² =?

Step 1. Multiply 55 x 55 = . . 25 (end terms)

Step 2. Take 5x (5+1) = 30

So the answer is 3025.

Now try —– 25, 35, 55, 65, 75, 85, 95.

2. Multiply a Number By 5

One of the popular vedic maths tricks is multiplying a number by 5. Multiplying any number by 5 can be done with a simple
trick that reduces the time it takes to do the calculation.

Take any number, then divide it by 2 (in other words, half the number). If the result is whole, add a 0 at the end. If it is
not, ignore the remainder and add a 5 at the end. It works every time:

For example: 2462 x 5 =?

Step 1. 2462 / 2 = 1231

Step 2. Whole number, so add 0

The answer will be 2462 x 5 = 12310

Let’s try another: 3773 x 5

Step 1 3773 / 2 = 1886.5

Step 2. Fractional number, so ignore remainder and add 5

The answer will be 3773 x 5 = 18865

Now try —- 123 x 5, 3456 x 5, 9876 x 5, 6754 x 5, 8796 x 5

3. Subtraction From 1000, 10000, 100000

While subtractions from 1000s seem difficult, vedic mathematics tricks make it easier. To subtract a number from 100’s
multiple such as 1000, 10000, etc. quickly, one could employ the Vedic Math Tricks. This Vedic Maths Subtraction trick is
very useful for getting instant subtraction result of any large number from 1000, 1000……so on. You just keep one formula
– Subtract all from 9 and the last from 10.

 For example,

to subtract 1000 – 573, one could subtract each figure in 573 from 9 and then subtract the last figure from 10.

Step 1. 9 – 5 = 4,

Step 2. 9 – 7 = 2,

Step 3. 10 – 3 = 7.
Thus, the answer is: (1000 – 573) = 427

 For example: 1000 – 473 =? (Subtraction from 1000)

We simply subtract each figure in 473 from 9 and the last figure from 10.

Step 1. 9 – 4 = 5

Step 2. 9 – 7 = 2

Step 3. 10 – 3 = 7

So, the answer is 1000 – 473 = 527

Now try… 1000 – 357, 10,000 – 1049, 10,000 – 1064, 1000 – 397..

4. Multiplication Of Any 2-digit Numbers (11 – 19)

One of the beneficial vedic maths tricks for multiplication is to multiply any two-digit number from 11 to 19 quickly and
accurately, employing this Vedic Trick. After a few times of practicing, you will be able to calculate faster than a
calculator.

Follow these 4 steps:

Step 1: Add the unit digit of the smaller number to the larger number.

Step 2: Multiply the result by 10.

Step 3: Multiply the unit digits of the numbers.

Step 4: Add the two numbers.

For instance, when multiplying 13 and 15, the answer is 195:

Step 1: 15 + 3 = 18.

Step 2: 18 * 10 = 180.

Step 3: 3 * 5 = 15.

Step 4: Add 180 + 15 = 195.

5. Dividing A Large Number By 5

One of the effective vedic maths tricks is to divide a large number by 5.

All you need to follow only two steps, in first step multiply the number by 2 while in second step move the decimal point.

 For example: 235 / 5 =?

Step 1. 235 * 2 = 470

Step 2. Move the decimal: 47.0 or just 47

 Let’s try another: 2128 / 5

Step 1: 2128 * 2 = 4256

Step2: Move the decimal: 425.6 or just 425

 To find the answer for 16951/5:

Step 1: 16951 * 2 = 33902

Step 2: Move the decimal: 3390.2 or just 3390

 To find the answer for 2112/5:

Step 1: 2112 * 2 = 4224

Step 2: Move the decimal: 422.4 or just 422

 To find the answer for 4731/5:

Step 1: 4731 * 2 = 9462

Step 2: Move the decimal: 946.2 or just 946

Now try…. 6951/5, 2212/5, 4751/5, 1962/5, 8542/5.

6. Multiply Any Two-digit Number By 11
One of the vedic maths tricks for fast calculation is to finish a multiplication problem in only 2 seconds.

To multiply 25 and 11, imagine there is a space between 25

Step 1. Put an imaginary space in between: 25*11= 2_5

Step 2. Just add 2 and 5 and put the result in the imaginary space

So, the answer is: 25 * 11 =275

Let’s try another: 42 * 11 = 4 (4+2) 2 = 462

Now try…17*11, 35*11, 15*11, 19*11, 18*11.

7. Multiplication Of Any 3-digit Numbers

 For 808 and 806, subtract the last 2 digits from the actual number:

808-8=800

806-6=800

Select any number and add the last 2 digits of the other number:

808 + 6 = 814
Multiply the product of Step 2 and Step 1: 814 x 800 = 651200

The last 2 digits of both numbers are 8 & 6. The product of these two numbers: 8 x 6 = 48

Last step: 651200 + 48 = 651248

Therefore, 808 x 806 = 651248

 For 536 and 504, subtract the last 2 digits from the actual number:

536-36=500

504-4=500

Select any number and add the last 2 digits of the other number:

536 + 4 = 540

Multiply the product of Step 2 and Step 1: 540 x 500 = 270000

 The last 2 digits of both numbers are 36 & 4. The product of these two numbers: 36 x 4 = 144

Last step: 270000 + 144 = 270144

Therefore, 536 x 504 = 270144

Note – This Rule is applicable when the Hundredths Place digit is the same in both numbers such as 209 and 223 Or
say 408 and 450 Or 620 and 664.

8. Find The Square Value

Calculating the square of a number using the Vedic Maths Trick is straightforward. To do so, take the following steps:

Step 1. Select a base close to the original number.

Step 2. Calculate the difference between the original number and the base.

Step 3. Add the original number and the difference.

Step 4. Multiply the result of Step 3 by the base.

Step 5. Add the square of the difference with the result of Step 4.

 For example, to find the square of 99:

Step 1. Choose 100 as the base.

Step 2. Difference: 99 – 100 = -1

Step 3. Add the number with the difference = 99 + (-1) = 98

Step 4. Multiply the result with the base = 98 * 100 = 9800

Step 5. Add the product of the square of the difference = 9800 + (-1)² = 9801
 Therefore, (99)² = 9801.

You can also try it for (98)², (97)², (102)², (101)² to practice.

9. Multiply any large number by 12

Simply multiply the last digit of any number by 12 before doubling each digit after that and adding them together.

For instance, 13243 * 12 =

Let’s decompose it into manageable steps:

Step 1: Multiply 13243 by 12 to get ___ (Double of last digit 3).

Step 2: Take 13243 x 12 to get 16 (now multiply 4 by 8 to get 8 Plus 3 to obtain 11; 1 will carry over).

Step 3: 13243 x 12 = ___916 (Now multiply 2 by 4 to get 4 + 4 + 1 to get 9)

Step 4. 13243* 12= 8916 (Now multiply 3 by 2 to get 6, and add 6 to 2 to get 8)

Step 5. 13243 * 12= 58916 (Now multiply 1 by 2 and multiply it by 3 to get 5)

Step 6. 13243 * 12= 158916 (Now multiply 0 by 2 and add 1 to get 0+1=2)

10. Conversion of Kilograms to Pounds

Here’s an illustration:
  112 kg to pounds conversion.

Step 1: Double the kilogram value by two (112X2)= 224

Step 2. Divide the preceding number by 10

(224/10 = 22.4).

Step 3. Add the two numbers together: 224 + 22.4

Equals 246.4 pounds.

 Magic Tricks
Solving a cube-root of a digit in less than a 3 second :
1) First, Go through the following instructions :
Cube of 1 to 10
1=1
2=8
3=27

4=64
5=125

6=216
7=343
8=512
9=729

10=1000
2) Now, note the last digit of the above answers.

 For 1,4,5,6,9 the last digit of them will always be the same number
 For 2 and 8 it's vice versa similarly for 3 and 7.
3) Now, take cube of any number.
For Example, Cube of 73 is 389,017.
4) Steps to find the cube root of the 389,017.

 The last digit of the above number is 7.

 Hence on the one's place it would be 3.

5) Now, to find out tenth's place,

 Avoid the last 3 digit of the number and note down the rest digit.
 For the above case, it would be 389.
 Now, find the cube of number which is lower than 389 and place it on tenth place.
 For the above case, the cube of 7 is 343 which is lower than 389. Hence take 7 at tenth place.
 Thus, the final answer would be 73.
Example,- 328,509

 one's place is 9 and on tenth place it would be 6 as cube of 6=216 being lower than 328.
 Therefore, it would be 69.
 Now, this would be only applicable for the perfect cube roots.
  Some other Tricks

Vedic Maths Addition Tricks

We have various tricks to perform the addition in Vedic maths. In this section, you will learn how to add numbers using one
of the sutras called Ekadhikena Purvena with the help of an example.

 Example: Compute: 98765 + 63217 + 89522 + 60543 Or By Sutra Ekadhikena Purvena, add 98765, 63217, 89522,
and 60543.
Solution:

Steps for adding numbers using Ekadhiken Purvena Sutra:

Step 1: Write the given numbers in rows and columns by giving some space between the digits.
Step 2: Column I (from the right side), add the first two digits, 5 + 7 = 12
Step 3: Mark Ekadhika dot(.) on 1, (digit which is next to 7 in column II)
Step 4: Now, start again adding with 2;
2+2=4

Again start with 4 such that 4 + 3 = 7

Step 5: Write 7 below at the answer’s place
Step 6: Add the remaining columns in the same way.

Vedic Maths Subtraction Tricks (Using Sutras)

Subtraction can be performed using 4 or 5 different methods in Vedic mathematics, and the best, as well as easiest way to
subtract the numbers, is the Sutra Ekadhiken Purvena and Param Mitra Unka (the best friend). Here, two digits are called
each other’s best friends if their sum is equal to 10. For example, 3 is the best friend of 7 since 3 + 7 = 10.
Go through the example given below to understand the subtraction of numbers by Sutra Ekadhiken Purvena.
Question: Subtract 389 from 746.

Solution: Steps for subtraction in Sutra Ekadhiken Purvena:

Step 1: Write the given numbers in rows and columns by giving some space between the digits.
Step 2: Consider column I (from the right end), 9 is greater than 6 so we cannot subtract it from 6.

1 is the best friend of 9 and add 1 to 6, i.e. 1 + 6 = 7. So write 7 in the answer place and mark Ekadhika dot(.) on 8, which is
in the same row of column II such that it becomes 9 (as 8 + 1 = 9).
Here, dot(.) on the number represents one more than the previous number.
Step 3: Similarly, we need to subtract the remaining numbers. Thus, the answer will be:
Vedic maths subtraction
Therefore, 746 – 789 = 357.
Vedic Maths Multiplication Tricks

Like addition and subtraction, multiplication can also be done using different sutras in Vedic maths. In this section, you will
learn two simple methods of multiplying numbers along with examples.
Method 1:In this method, we can multiply the numbers whose unit digits are added up to 10 or powers of 10.
Let’s have a look at the solved example given below to understand the multiplication of numbers.
Example:Multiply 63 and 67.

Solution:63 × 67
Sum of unit digits = 3 + 7 = 10
Digits in tens places = 6
So, we can write the multiplication as:
63 × 67 = 6 × (6 + 1)/3 × 7= 6 × 7/3 × 7= 42/21= 4221
We can also verify the result using normal mathematical calculations.

This method of multiplication is referred to as the Sutra Ekadhiken Purvena. This method can also be used to multiply
two numbers whose last two digits are added up to 100, the last three digits are added up to 1000. Also, in the case of mixed
fractions, the sum of proper fractions must be added up to 1 to apply this method of multiplication.
Method 2: If two numbers are to be multiplied and one of these numbers is having only 9’s then we can apply this method.

Example: Multiply 876 and 999.

Solution: Given, two numbers are 876 and 999.
Now, subtract 1 from 876.

876 – 1 = 875
Subtract 875 from 999.
999 – 875 = 124
Thus,

876 × 999 = 876 – 1/999 – 875= 875/124= 875124

This method of multiplying numbers is Sutra Ekanyunena Purvena.
 Concept of Digital Sum
In this chapter, we will study the digit-sum method. This method is not used for quick calculation but for quick checking of
answers. It will help us verify the answer that we have obtained to a particular question. This technique has wonderful
different applications for students giving competitive exams as they are already provided with four alternatives to every
answer.
Although the digit-sum method is discussed by Jagadguru Bharati Krishna Maharaj in his study, mathematicians in other
parts of the world were aware of this principle even before the thesis of Swamiji was published. Prof. Jackaw Trachtenberg
and other mathematicians have dealt with this principle in their research work.
Example: Find the digit-sum of 2467539
(Note: the digit-sum will always be a single digit. You have to keep on adding the numbers until you get a single-digit
answer.)
A few more examples are given below:

We have discussed how to calculate the digit-sum of a number. We shall now solve a variety of illustrated examples
involving different arithmetical operations.
Example 1 (Multiplication)
(Q) Verify whether 467532 multiplied by 107777 equals 50389196364.
Ans: First we will calculate the digit-sum of the multiplicand. Then we will calculate the digit-sum of the multiplier. We
will multiply the two digit-sums thus obtained. If the final answer equals to the digit-sum of the product then our answer can
be concluded to be correct.
The digit-sum of 467532 is 9.
The digit-sum of 107777 is 2.
When we multiply 9 by 2 we get the answer 18. Again the digit-sum of 18 is 9. Thus, the digit-sum of the completed
multiplication procedure is 9.
Now, we will check the digit-sum of the product. The digit sum of 50389196364 is also 9. The digit-sum of the question
equals to the digit-sum of the answer and hence we can assume that the product is correct.
Example 2 (Division)
(Q) Verify whether 2308682040 divided by 36524 equals 63210.
Ans: We can use the formula that we had learnt in school.
Dividend = Divisor x Quotient + Remainder.
In this case we will be using the same formula but instead of the actual answers we will be using their digitsums.
The digit-sum of dividend is 6.
The digit-sum of divisor, quotient and remainder is 2, 3, and 0 respectively.
Since 6 = 2 × 3 + 0, we can assume our answer to be correct. In this manner, we can solve sums involving other operations
too. However, before continuing ahead I will introduce a further short-cut to this method. The rule says:
While calculating the digit-sum of a number, you can eliminate all the nines and all the digits that add up to nine.
When you eliminate all the nines and all the digits that add up to nine you will be able to calculate the digit-sum of any
number much faster. The elimination will have no effect on the final result.
Let us take an example:
(Q). Find the digit-sum of 637281995.
Ans: The digit-sum of 6372819923 is:
6+3+7+2+8+1+9+9+2+3 = 50 and again 5+0 is 5.
Now, we will eliminate the numbers that add up to 9 (6 and 3, 7 and 2, 8 and 1 and also eliminate the two 9’s).
We are left with the digits 2 and 3 which also add up to 5. Hence, it is proved that we can use the short-cut method for
calculating the digit-sum. The answer will be the same in either case.
A few more examples:

From the above table we can see that the values in column (b) and the values in column (d) are similar.
Note: If the digit-sum of a number is 9, then we can eliminate the 9 straight away and the digit-sum becomes 0.
Example 3 (Multiplication)
(Q). Verify whether 999816 multiplied by 727235 is 727101188760.
Ans: The digit-sum of 999816 can be instantly found out by eliminating the three 9’s and the combination of 8 plus 1. The
remaining digit is 6 (which becomes our digit-sum).
The digit-sum of 727235 can be instantly calculated by eliminating the numbers that add up to nine. The digit sum of the
remaining digits is 8.
When 8 is multiplied by 6 the answer is 48 and the digit sum of 48 is 3.
But, the digit-sum of 727101188750 is 2. The digit-sum of the question does not match with the digit-sum of the answer and
hence the answer is certainly wrong.
Example 4 (Addition)
(Q). Verify whether 18273645 plus 9988888 plus 6300852 plus 11111111 is 45674496.
Ans: The digit-sum of the numbers is 0, 4, 6 and 8 respectively. The total of these four digit-sum is 18 and the digit-sum of
18 is 9.
The digit-sum of 45674496 is also 9 and hence the sum is correct.

Applications-
The digit-sum method has immense utility for practitioners of Numerology and other occult sciences. The knowledge that
they can eliminate the 9’s and numbers that add up to 9 makes their task simpler.
For students giving competitive and other exams, this technique has a lot of utility. Many times they can check the digit-
sum of each of the alternatives with the digit-sum of the question and try to arrive at the correct answer. This will eliminate
the need for going through the whole calculation.
However, there is one drawback to this technique. The drawback is that the digit-sum method can tell us only whether an
answer is wrong or not. It cannot tell us with complete accuracy whether an answer is correct or not.
This sentence is so important that I would like to repeat it again.
The digit-sum method can only tell us whether an answer is wrong or not. It cannot tell us with complete accuracy whether
an answer is correct or not.
Let me illustrate this with an example.

(Q) What is the product of 9993 and 9997.

Method: Assume that you have read the question and calculated the answer as 99900021.
The digit-sum of the question is 3 and the digit-sum of the answer is 3 and hence we can assume that the answer is correct.
However, instead of 99900021 had your answer been 99900012 then too the digit-sum would have matched even though the
answer is not correct. Or for that matter if your answer would have been 99990021 then too the digit-sum would have
matched although this answer is incorrect too. Or in an extreme case, even if your answer would have been 888111021 then
still the digit-sum would have matched although it is highly deviated from the correct answer!
Thus, even though the digit-sum of the answer matches with that of the question, you cannot be 100% sure of its accuracy.
You can be reasonably sure of its accuracy but cannot swear by it.
However, if the digit-sum of the answer does not match with the digit-sum of the question then you can be 100% sure that
the answer is wrong.