Chapter II

Basic Kotlin for Android

 What is Kotlin?
Statically typed programming language for the JVM, Android and the browser.
(http://kotlinlang.org/)

Why Kotlin?

• Concise: drastically reduce the amount of boilerplate code you need to write.

• Safe: avoid entire classes of errors such as null pointer exceptions.

• Interoperable: leverage existing frameworks and libraries of the JVM with 100%
Java Interoperability.

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 Variable
In Kotlin variables can be declared using two keywords
namely val and var.

val: It is used for variables whose value never changes.

var: It is used for variable whose value can change.

Syntax:

Keyword varName: data_type=value

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 Variable-using val keyword,Example
val x: Int = 10

fun main( ){

println(x) // 10

Also when I try to reassign the variable value I will get an error indicating variable
value cannot be reassigned because I using val keyword.

val x: Int = 10
fun main( ) {
x = 20
println(x) // Error
}
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 Variable-using var keyword,Example
var x: Int = 10

fun main( ){

println(x) // 10

Also when I try to reassign the variable value I will not get an error this time variable
value can be reassigned because I using var keyword.

var x: Int = 10
fun main( ) {
x = 20
println(x) //20
}
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 Data Type
• Numbers Ex:
• Byte,Short, Int,Long, val num: Byte=10
Float, Double
println(num)

• Characters val age: Int = 28

• Char println(age)

• Booleans
• Boolean
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Arithmetic Operators

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Assignment Operators

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Comparison Operators

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Logical Operators

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 in Operator
• The in operator is used to check whether an object
belongs to a collection.

Ex:
fun main(args: Array<String>) {
val numbers = intArrayOf(1, 4, 42, -3)
if (4 in numbers) {
println("numbers array contains 4.")
}
}
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 Expressions
val score: Int

score = 90+25

Here, 90 + 25 is an expression that returns Int value.

fun main(agrs:Array<String>){

val a=12

val b=13

val max:Int

max = if(a>b) a else b

println(“$max”)

}
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 If..Else Expressions
In Kotlin, you can also use if..else statements as expressions (assign a value to
a variable and return it):

val time = 20

val greeting = if (time < 18) {

"Good day."

} else { "Good evening." }

println(greeting)

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 When Expression
The when construct in Kotlin can be thought of as a replacement for Java switch Statement.

fun main(args: Array<String>){

val a=12

val b= 5

println(“Enter operator either +,-,* or /”)

val opt = readline() else -> “$opt operator is Invalid!”

println(“result=$result”)
val result = when(opt){

“+” -> a+b }

“-” -> a-b

“*” -> a*b

“/” -> a/b

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 while Loop
• loops through a block of code as long as a specified condition
is true

Syntax:

while (condition) {

// code block to be executed

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 while Loop-Example
fun main(args: Array<String>) Output
{ 1
var i = 1 2
while (i<=5){ 3
println(i) 4
i++ 5
}
}

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 do while Example
Ex:
var i = 0
Output
0
do{ 1
2
println(i) 3
4
i++

}while(i<5)

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 for loop
• used to iterate a part of program several times. It iterates
through arrays, ranges, collections, or anything that
provides for iterate. Kotlin for loop is equivalent to
the foreach loop in languages like C#.

Syntax:
for (item in collection){
//body of loop
}
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 Iterate through array
Ex:
fun main(args : Array<String>) { Output
60
val marks = arrayOf(60,70,80,95,90) 70
80
for(item in marks){
95
println(item) 90

}
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 Iterate through array using index
Ex:
fun main(args : Array<String>) { Output
marks[0]:60
val marks: Array<Int>= arrayOf(60,70,80,95,90)
marks[1]:70

for(index in marks.indices){ marks[2]:80

marks[3]:95
println(“marks[$index]:”+marks[index]) marks[4]:90

}
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 Iterate through range
• using the .. Operator

• rangeTo() Operator

• step in Range

• downTo() function

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 Iterate through range –using ..
operator example
fun main() {
val range = 1..9
Output
if (1 in range) 1 is in
1..9
println("1 is in $range")
if(10 in range)
println("10 is in $range")
}
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 Iterate through range –using ..
operator example
fun main() {
Output
val range = 1..10 step 2 1
3
for (number in range)
5
println(number) 7
9
}

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Iterate through range –using step
example
fun main() { Output
1
val range = 1..10 step 2
3

for (number in range) 5

7
println(number) 9

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Iterate through range –using downTo
example
Output
fun main() { 10
9
val range = 10 downTo 1 8
7
6
for (number in range) 5
4
println(number) 3
2
1
}

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 Null Safety
Kotlin programming language variables cannot hold null
variables by default so in order to hold null variables
you have to use a different syntax as shown below, all
you have to do is you have to add a “?” in front of the
variable declaration.

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 Null Safety-Example
Ex:

var num: Int? = null

fun main( ) {

println(num) //null

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 Elvis Operator (?:)
• is used to return the not null value even the
conditional expression is null. It is also used to
check the null safety of values.

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 Elvis Operator (?:)-Example
fun main(args: Array<String>){

var str: String? = null

var str2: String? = "May be declare nullable string"

var len1: Int = str ?.length ?: -1

Output
var len2: Int = str2 ?.length ?: -1
Length of str is -1
println("Length of str is ${len1}")
Length of str2 is 30
println("Length of str2 is ${len2}")

} 29
 Function
• are a block of organized and reusable code that is used to perform a single
task.

• In Kotlin in order to create a function you have to use the fun keyword

Syntax:

fun funName( ): data_type{

statement(s)

statement return

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 Function-Example
Ex1: Ex2:

fun sum( ): Int{

fun sum(a:Int,b:Int):Int{
val a: Int = 10
return (a+b)
val b: Int = 20 }

return (a+b)

}
fun main( ) {
fun main( ) { println(sum(10,20))
//30
println(sum())
}
}
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 Lambda and Anonymous Functions
• are called function that are not declared but, rather passed
immediately as an expression

• don’t need a name.

Lambda with parameters
Ex1:

val doThis={ Ex2:

println("action") { msg:String -> println("Hello

$msg") }

}
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 Array
• Arrays in Kotlin are able to store multiple values of different
data types.
• Of course if we want we can restrict the arrays to hold the
values of a particular data types. In this guide, we will discuss
about arrays in Kotlin.
Kotlin Array Declaration
Array that holds multiple different data types.
var arr = arrayOf(10, ”Hello”, 10.5, ’A’)

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 Array
Array that can only hold integers

var arr = arrayOf<Int>(1, 3, 5)

Array that can only hold strings

var arr = arrayOf<String>(“ab”, “item”,”hello”)

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 Array-Example
fun main(args: Array<String>) {

val fruits = arrayOf<String>("Apple", "Mango", "Banana",

"Orange")

println( fruits.get(0))

println( fruits.get(3)) // Set the value at 3rd index fruits.

set(3, "Guava")

println( fruits.get(3))

} 35
Thank You Calligraphy Transparent PNG | PNG Mart

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