Q1. Which SQL command is used to retrieve data from a database?
A) INSERT B) DELETE C) SELECT D) UPDATE
Answer: C) SELECT
Q2. Which operator is used to filter records that match multiple specific values?
A) LIKE B) BETWEEN C) IN D) OR
Answer: C) IN
Q3. The WHERE clause is used to:
A) Group rows B) Filter rows C) Sort rows D) Join tables
Answer: B) Filter rows
Q4. Which SQL keyword is used to sort the result set?
A) SORT B) ORDER BY C) GROUP BY D) HAVING
Answer: B) ORDER BY
Q5. To filter data for a range of values, we use:
A) BETWEEN B) JOIN C) IN D) OR
Answer: A) BETWEEN
Q6. The GROUP BY clause is used with:
A) INSERT B) Aggregate Functions C) WHERE D) ORDER BY
Answer: B) Aggregate Functions
Q7. Which of the following is NOT an aggregate function?
A) COUNT ()B) SUM() C) AVG() D) WHERE()
Answer: D) WHERE()
Q8. The HAVING clause is used to:
A) Filter groups B) Sort records C) Filter rows before grouping
D) Insert records
Answer: A) Filter groups
Q9. Which statement retrieves unique values?
A) SELECT ALL B) SELECT * C) SELECT DISTINCT D) SELECT UNIQUE
Answer: C) SELECT DISTINCT
Q11. The LIKE 'A%' condition will return:
A) Records starting with A B) Records ending with A
C) Records containing A anywhere D) Records where A is in the middle
Answer: A) Records starting with A
Q12. Which symbol is used for pattern matching for any number of characters in LIKE?
A) _ (underscore) B) % (percent) C) * (asterisk) D) & (ampersand)
Answer: B) % (percent)
Assertion and Reason Questions - SQL
A) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
B) Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A.
C) A is true, but R is false.
D) A is false, but R is true.
Question 1
Assertion (A): The WHERE clause is used to filter rows before grouping takes place.
Reason (R): The HAVING clause filters groups after applying aggregate functions.
Answer: A) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
Question 2
Assertion (A): The ORDER BY clause sorts the rows returned by a query.
Reason (R): GROUP BY is used to arrange rows in alphabetical order.
Answer: C) A is true, but R is false.
Question 3
Assertion (A): The IN operator is used to filter rows that match any value in a given list.
Reason (R): The IN operator allows the use of aggregate functions like SUM or AVG.
Answer: C) A is true, but R is false.
Question 4
Assertion (A): The HAVING clause can be used without the GROUP BY clause.
Reason (R): HAVING can act as a filter for aggregated conditions even without grouping.
Answer: A) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
Question 5
Assertion (A): The BETWEEN operator includes both boundary values specified in the
condition.
Reason (R): The BETWEEN operator works only with numeric columns.
Answer: C) A is true, but R is false.
Question 6
Assertion (A): The DISTINCT keyword helps remove duplicate records from the result set.
Reason (R): Using DISTINCT slows down query execution as duplicates are retained.
Answer: C) A is true, but R is false.
Question 7
Assertion (A): The LIKE operator is used to search for patterns in text fields.
Reason (R): The % symbol in LIKE represents any sequence of characters.
Answer: A) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
Question 8
Assertion (A): COUNT(*) counts only non-null values from a column.
Reason (R): COUNT(column_name) excludes NULL values while counting.
Answer: D) A is false, but R is true.
Question 9
Assertion (A): The GROUP BY clause can be used with aggregate functions like SUM() and
AVG().
Reason (R): Without GROUP BY, aggregate functions operate on the entire table.
Answer: A) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
Question 10
Assertion (A): The AND operator is used when all conditions specified must be true.
Reason (R): The OR operator is used to combine mutually exclusive conditions.
Answer: B) Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A.
Write a SQL query for the following:
Table: EMPLOYEE
EmpID Name Department Salary Age City JoiningDate
101 John HR 55000 28 New York 2018-05-23
102 Priya IT 75000 32 Delhi 2017-11-12
103 Amir IT 72000 35 Mumbai 2019-03-15
EmpID Name Department Salary Age City JoiningDate
104 Sara Finance 68000 30 London 2020-07-01
105 Vikram HR 58000 29 Delhi 2016-01-10
106 Emma IT 80000 27 New York 2018-09-20
107 Raj Finance 67000 33 Mumbai 2017-06-18
108 Anjali HR 60000 31 Delhi 2019-12-05
1. Display all employees with Salary greater than 60000.
SELECT * FROM EMPLOYEE WHERE Salary > 60000;
2. Show employees who belong to the IT department and have Salary
between 70000 and 80000.
SELECT * FROM EMPLOYEE WHERE Department = 'IT' AND Salary BETWEEN
70000 AND 80000;
3. List employees whose name starts with 'A'.
SELECT * FROM EMPLOYEE WHERE Name LIKE 'A%';
4. Find employees who work in 'Delhi' or 'New York'.
SELECT * FROM EMPLOYEE WHERE City IN ('Delhi', 'New York');
5. Show employees ordered by Salary in descending order.
SELECT * FROM EMPLOYEE ORDER BY Salary DESC;
6. Display total salary paid to employees in each department.
SELECT Department, SUM(Salary) AS Total_Salary FROM EMPLOYEE GROUP
BY Department;
7. Find the maximum salary in each city.
SELECT City, MAX(Salary) AS Max_Salary FROM EMPLOYEE GROUP BY City;
8. Show departments having more than 2 employees.
SELECT Department, COUNT(*) AS Total_Employees FROM EMPLOYEE GROUP
BY Department HAVING COUNT(*) > 2;
9. List employees whose age is between 28 and 32.
SELECT * FROM EMPLOYEE WHERE Age BETWEEN 28 AND 32;
10. Find average salary of employees in the Finance department.
SELECT AVG(Salary) AS Avg_Salary FROM EMPLOYEE WHERE Department =
'Finance';
11. Display employees who joined after 2018.
SELECT * FROM EMPLOYEE WHERE JoiningDate > '2018-12-31';
12. Show employees whose name contains 'a' as the second character.
SELECT * FROM EMPLOYEE WHERE Name LIKE '_a%';
13. List cities with average salary greater than 60000.
SELECT City, AVG(Salary) AS Avg_Salary FROM EMPLOYEE GROUP BY City
HAVING AVG(Salary) > 60000;
14. Find total employees in each department.
SELECT Department, COUNT(EmpID) AS Total_Employees FROM EMPLOYEE
GROUP BY Department;
15. Show employees not from 'HR' or 'IT' departments.
SELECT * FROM EMPLOYEE WHERE Department NOT IN ('HR', 'IT');
16. Display employees whose name ends with 'a' and age is greater than 28.
SELECT * FROM EMPLOYEE WHERE Name LIKE '%a' AND Age > 28;
17. Find highest salary in the company.
SELECT MAX(Salary) AS Highest_Salary FROM EMPLOYEE;
18. Find minimum age of employees in each department.
SELECT Department, MIN(Age) AS Youngest_Age FROM EMPLOYEE GROUP BY
Department;
19. List employees whose salary is not between 60000 and 75000.
SELECT * FROM EMPLOYEE WHERE Salary NOT BETWEEN 60000 AND 75000;
20. Display department-wise average age, but only for departments where
average age is above 30.
SELECT Department, AVG(Age) AS Avg_Age FROM EMPLOYEE GROUP BY
Department HAVING AVG(Age) > 30;
22. Show employees whose name starts with 'P' or ends with 'm'.
SELECT * FROM EMPLOYEE WHERE Name LIKE 'P%' OR Name LIKE '%m';
23. Find total number of employees city-wise, ordered by total employees
descending.
SELECT City, COUNT(*) AS Total_Employees FROM EMPLOYEE GROUP BY City
ORDER BY Total_Employees DESC;
24. List departments where the maximum salary exceeds 70000.
SELECT Department, MAX(Salary) AS Max_Salary FROM EMPLOYEE GROUP BY
Department HAVING MAX(Salary) > 70000;
25. Display employees who are from 'Mumbai' and age is exactly 35.
SELECT * FROM EMPLOYEE WHERE City = 'Mumbai' AND Age = 35;
26. Show all employees along with their annual salary (Salary × 12) using
alias.
SELECT Name, Salary, (Salary * 12) AS Annual_Salary FROM EMPLOYEE;
