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Unit 3

Module 3 covers Java Exception Handling and Multithreading, detailing the importance of handling exceptions to prevent program crashes and ensure graceful recovery. It explains the exception class hierarchy, types of exceptions, and the need for multithreading for efficient CPU usage. Additionally, it outlines thread life cycles, priorities, synchronization, and various methods to create threads.

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2 views10 pages

Unit 3

Module 3 covers Java Exception Handling and Multithreading, detailing the importance of handling exceptions to prevent program crashes and ensure graceful recovery. It explains the exception class hierarchy, types of exceptions, and the need for multithreading for efficient CPU usage. Additionally, it outlines thread life cycles, priorities, synchronization, and various methods to create threads.

Uploaded by

pcmwala1
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Module 3: Java Exception Handling and Multithreading – Revision Notes

1. Exception Handling in Java

Exceptions are errors that occur during runtime and disrupt program flow.

Java provides try-catch-finally blocks to handle them.

Why Needed:

Prevent program crash

Graceful recovery from errors

Maintain normal flow


Helpful for debugging and robustness

Basic Example:

try {
int a = 10 / 0;
} catch (ArithmeticException e) {
System.out.println("Cannot divide by zero");
} finally {
System.out.println("Cleanup code here");
}

2. Exception Class Hierarchy


Throwable
/ \
Exception Error
/ \
Checked RuntimeException
Exceptions (Unchecked)

Checked: IOException, SQLException (must handle)


Unchecked: ArithmeticException, NullPointerException (optional handling)

Error: JVM-level issues like OutOfMemoryError

3. Types of Exceptions + Keywords

Types:

Checked: FileNotFoundException, IOException

Unchecked: ArithmeticException, NullPointerException

Keywords:

try, catch, finally, throw, throws


Sample Code:

try {
checkAge(16);
} catch (ArithmeticException e) {
System.out.println(e);
}

static void checkAge(int age) throws ArithmeticException {


if (age < 18) throw new ArithmeticException("Not eligible");
}

4. Common Exceptions

ArithmeticException - divide by 0

NullPointerException - access null object

ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException - invalid index


NumberFormatException - invalid number string

FileNotFoundException - file does not exist

5. Built-in Exceptions
Type Examples
Checked IOException, SQLException
Unchecked NullPointer, ArithmeticException
Error StackOverflowError, OutOfMemory

Use try-catch to handle, and throws to declare.

6. Need for Multithreading

Allows parallel task execution


Efficient CPU usage

Useful in games, UI, real-time apps

Example:

class MyThread extends Thread {


public void run() {
System.out.println("Thread running");
}
}

7. Thread Life Cycle

States: New Runnable Running Waiting/Blocked Terminated

Diagram:

New
|
start()
|
Runnable
|

Running
|
sleep(), wait()
|
Terminated

Methods:

start(), run(), sleep(), join(), yield(), wait()

8. Thread Priority and Synchronization

Priorities range from 1 to 10

Set using setPriority(int)


Synchronization:

Prevents race conditions

Use synchronized keyword on method/block

Example:

synchronized void increment() {


count++;
}

9. Ways to Create Threads


1.
Extend Thread class

class A extends Thread { public void run() {...} }


2.
Implement Runnable

class B implements Runnable { public void run() {...} }

3.
Using Lambda Expression

Thread t = new Thread(() -> { ... });

Final Tips

Practice try-catch, synchronized, and start() usage

Draw diagrams (Thread life cycle)

Know the differences between Checked vs Unchecked exceptions


Know all 3 ways to create threads

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