Topic 3.

1 – Radian and Degree Measure * – Classwork

Trigonometry is the study of triangle measurement. We all know that a triangle is a 3-sided
figure with 3 angles. Although we don’t get into formal definitions, here are some definitions
concerning angles.

Angle: rotating a ray about its endpoint

Initial side, terminal side: starting and ending position of the ray

Vertex: endpoint of the ray

Standard position: origin is the vertex, initial side is the positive x-axis

Positive, negative angles: positive is counterclockwise rotation,

negative axis clockwise rotation

Co-terminal angles: angles having the same initial and terminal sides. If we do ¼
of a rotation and 1¼ rotations, we have performed two different actions. But the terminal side is the same.

Describing angles: When referring to an angle, usually capital letters are used. Many times, these letters are
Greek letters such ( α ( alpha ) , β ( beta ) ,θ ( theta ) , etc. are used. Just as x is the go-to variable in terms of an
algebraic unknown, θ is usually used for an unknown angle.

Measurement of angles: Most students know that angles are measured in degrees and that 360 degrees make
up one circle. Why 360? There are a number of theories for this, many revolving around the fact that 360 is
approximately the number of days in a year (how long it takes for the earth to do one revolution about the sun).
Realize however that just like length, there are multitude of ways to represent it. If you are measured the length
of a picture, inches might be appropriate while the distance between two cities is better measured in miles.

The most important measurement of angle is radians. A radian is the central angle of a circle
whose arc length is the same as the radius of the circle. A radian is the arc length of the circle
divided by the radius. Because the units cancel out, a radian is a “pure number” meaning that no
units are needed. While a capital R or possible the term “rad” is used, if no units are mentioned
in describing an angle, it is measured in radians.

The radian essentially measures an angle (showing rotation of a ray) by the length of its arc. It is recognized as a
natural way to do so. But just as Americans are more comfortable measuring things in inches, feet, yards and
miles, the metric system (millimeters, centimeters, meters, kilometers) is much more widely used. With angle
measurement there are frequent times when radian measurement must be used. There are three important ways
of describing angles: degrees, radians, and revolutions (or rotations).

Degrees: 360 degrees make up one circle.

Radians: one radian is the central angle formed by laying the radius of the circle onto the circumference.
There are 2π radians in one circle.
Revolutions: a full rotation of a circle.

Conversion formula for angles: 360° = 2π radians = 1 revolution . To convert from one measurement to
another, multiply your angle by the ratio of one of these to the other.
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Example 1) Do the following conversions.
7π
a) Convert 60° to radians b) Convert to revolutions
2

Example 2) Convert the following angles to the other two measurements.

# Degrees Radians Revolutions

a) 180°

b) 30°

π
c)
2
3π
d)
4
1
e) rev
8
2
f) rev
3

g) 225°

5π
h)
3
11
i) rev
15

j) 1

k) π rev

Although an angle of 1° is very small, it can be further subdivided. There are 60 minutes in one degree and 60
seconds in 1 minute. Angles can be converted from degrees, minutes and seconds to decimal degrees using the
A B
formula: θ ° A′ B′′ = θ + + . To convert a decimal degree angle θ to degrees, A minute, and B seconds,
60 3600
to find A, multiply the decimal part of θ by 60 and use the integer part of that answer, To find B, multiply the
decimal part of that answer by 60 and round.

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Example 3) Conversion of angles expressed in degrees, minutes, and seconds to decimal degrees:

a) Express 37°12′24′′ to decimal degrees:

b) Express 28.923° in degrees, minutes, seconds:

The TI Calculator can do this conversion. Degrees and Minutes are found in the 2nd ANGLE menu while
seconds are generated by using ALPHA +. Converting from decimal degrees to Degrees, minutes, and seconds
can be accomplished using the 2nd ANGLE menu and >DMS command.

Example 4) Convert from degrees, minutes, and seconds to decimal degrees or vice versa. (3 decimal places)

# Degrees, Minutes, Seconds Decimal Degrees

a) 23°30′

b) 141°25′ 45′′

c) 12.25°

d) 39.426°

e) 59°59′59′′

f) 127.001°

Finding the arc length of a circle *

We know that the circumference of a circle is given by C = 2π r where r is the radius of

the circle. Realize that the 2π in the formula is just the radian measure for a full rotation
of the circle. If we want a fraction of this circumference for the length an arc, we use the
radian measurement of the central angle. This formula can also be used to find the
length of an arc s intercepted by some angle θ .

Arc length formula

s = rθ where r is measured in linear units, θ is measured in radians, and s is measured in linear units.

Example 5) Find the arc length of the arc with radius = 4 inches and θ = 60° .

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Note: since the angle is measured in radians, for simplicity, we will say that it has no units so the answer s is
measured in inches. Technically, though r is not measured in inches but inches per radian. The calculation with
in ⎛ 2π R ⎞
units is: s = 4 ⋅ ( 60° ) ⎜ ⎟ = 4.189 in.
R ⎝ 360° ⎠

Example 6) If the arc length is 6 inches and the radius is 2 inches, find the central angle in degrees.

Example 7) If the arc length is 2 meters and the central angle is 125o, find the radius of the circle.

Example 8) Assume the earth is a sphere of radius 4,000 miles. Miami, Florida is at latitude 25°47′9′′ N while
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania is at 40°26′26′′ N and the cities are on the same meridian (one city lies due north of
each other). Find the distance between the cities. Do the same with Washington DC ( 38°53′ 22′′ N ) and Lima
Peru, (12°2′47′′S) .

Imagine an object traveling along a circular arc. The element of time is now added to the equation. In order to
do problems in such situations, we need to identify variables that can express certain information.

Important variables for problems in which an object is moving along a circular arc

Variable Name Given in Use in formulas Sample measures

r Radius Linear units linear units 4 inches, 1.5 feet
radian
θ (theta) Angle Degrees, radians, revs Radians 25°,1.5π R ,0.75 revs
s Arc length Linear units Linear units 2.3 ft, 5 cm
t Time Time units Time units 2 sec, 2.5 hrs
v Linear velocity linear units s linear units ft
= 5 ,12 mph
time t time sec
ω (omega) Angular velocity angle θ radians degrees
= 15 ,8 rpm
time t time sec

Example 9) What variable are you being given (r, θ , s, t, v, ω )

I make a U-turn with my car. I walk 10 minutes along the volcano’s circular rim

The spoke of a wheel is 5.8 inches A circular track measures 400 feet

Around the world in 80 days A satellite circling the earth travels at 3,094 mph

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Methods for transforming one variable into another
You may multiply any variable by the fraction “one”. Here are some examples:

12 inches 5280 feet 2π radians 1 minute 1000 meters

, , , ,
1 foot 1 mile 1 rev 60 sec 1 km

Example 10) Convert the following:

a) 15 miles to feet b) 1 day to seconds

20 feet
c) 10,000 degrees to revolutions d) to miles per hour
sec

feet 1,000,000,000°
e) 55 mph to f) to rpm
sec year

The Angular velocity – linear velocity formula *: When an object is traveling along an arc, it has both an
angular velocity and a linear velocity. The formula that ties these two variables together is:
v radians
v = ω r or ω = ω is always measured in . Again, technically, r is measured in distance/radian.
r time

Example 11) Use the angular – linear velocity formula to solve the problems.
a) A bicycle’s wheel has a 30-inch diameter. If the wheel makes 1.5 revolutions per second, find the speed
of the bike in mph.

b) A centrifuge has test pilots traveling in a circular path very quickly in order to experience g-forces. If
the pilots are traveling at 400 mph and the circular room has a radius of 25 feet, find the number of
rotations that the centrifuge makes per second.

c) A large clock has its second hand traveling at 2.5 inches per second. Find the length of the second hand.

d) Two gears are connected by a belt. The large gear has a radius of 6 in. while the small gear has a radius
of 3 in. If a point on the small gear travels at 16 rpm, find the angular velocity of the large gear.

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 Topic 3.1 – Radian and Degree Measure – Homework
1. Convert the following angles to the other two measurements.

# Degrees Radians Revolutions

a. 270°

b. 45°

4π
c.
3

11π
d.
6

3
e. rev
8

5
f. rev
6

g. 315°

π
h.
6

13
i. rev
15

j. 5°

k. 5

l. 5 rev

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2. Convert from degrees, minutes, and seconds to decimal degrees (3 decimal places) or vice versa.

Degrees, Minutes, Seconds Decimal Degrees

a. 158°15′

b. 6°21′ 35′′

c. 33°16′4′′

d. 12.9°

e. 24.65°

f. 154.502°

g. 27°8′ 8′′

h. 99.999°

3. Of the three variables r, θ , and s, you will be given two of them. Find the third. Angles should be found
in the units specified). Specify units for other variables.

# r θ s Work

a. 4 inches 60° inches

b. 6.5 ft 135° ft

c. 2.3 meters 1.5 meters

d. 23.65 cm 14°25′ 36′′ cm

e. 16.82 miles R 42.12 miles

f. 125.775 mm degrees 724.095 mm

g. 5 in ° ' " 2 ft

h. inches π 3 12.5 inches

i. ft 72.5° 9.9 ft

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4. Convert the given quantity into the specified units. Show your work in the “Convert to” column.

Given Convert to
a. 4.25 ft in

b. 80 years sec

c. 1,500 revolutions degrees

d. 10 km ft

e. 2,500π rev

f. 25 ft mph
sec
g. 12 rev R
min day
h. 500,000° rpm
week
i. 60 mph inch
sec
j. 1 rev °
80 days min

5. Find the distances between the cities with the given latitude, assuming that the earth is a sphere of radius
4,000 miles and the cities are on the same meridian.

a. Dallas, Texas 32°47′9′′ N and Omaha, Nebraska 41°15′ 42′′ N

b. San Francisco, California 37°46′39′′ N and Seattle, Washington 47°36′32′′ N

c. Copenhagen, Denmark 55°33′ 18′′ N and Rome, Italy 41°49′18′′ N

d. Jerusalem, Israel 31°47′0′ N and Johannesburg, South Africa 26°10′S

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6. What variable are you being given (r, θ , s, t, v, ω ) ?

a. It takes 3 minutes to travel between classes.

b. It takes 5 minutes to walk around the school.
c. The Space Shuttle made 35 orbits of the earth.
d. The circumference of the orange is 6.2 inches.
e. The merry-go-round travels at a constant speed of 4 miles per hour.
f. A Ferris-Wheel ride consists of 8 revolutions.
g. That Ferris-Wheel completes the 8 revolutions in 6 minutes.
h. A propeller is 45 inches long.
i. The park is circular and I walked 2 miles around its circumference.
j. An ant walking around a tire lying on the ground can only cover 5 degrees every minute.

7. Complete the chart, finding the missing information in the measurement requested. Show work.

# ω r v Units desired Work

a. 80rpm 2 feet feet min

rev
b. 15 2.5 feet mph
sec

55°
c. 1.1 miles mph
sec

60 ft
d. 1 foot rpm
min

e. 15 inches 60 mph rpm

100 ft deg
f. 2 miles
min min

g. 50rpm 100 mph miles

100 rev 50 ft
h. feet
sec sec

1000 rev
i. 15,000 mph inches
sec

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8. Applications – For each problem, draw a picture if necessary and show how you got your answer.

a. A clock has a second hand of length 8 inches. How far in inches does the tip travel from when it is on the
12 to when it is on the 4.

b. The pendulum in the Franklin Institute is 40 feet long. It swings through an angle of 11o23'. Find the
length of the arc it swings through in inches.

c. When the central angle is small and the distance to an object is large, the arc length formula is a good
estimator of the height of the object. The angle of elevation of the Empire State Building from 4 miles
away is 4o13'. Use the arc length formula to estimate its height in feet.

d. A car tire with radius 8 inches rotates at 42 rpm. Find the velocity of the car in mph.

e. The Spinner is an amusement park ride that straps people to the edge of a circle and spins very fast. If
riders are traveling at an actual speed of 25 mph, and the radius of the wheel is 15 feet, find the angular
velocity of the wheel in rpm.

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 Topic 3.2 – The Trigonometric Functions - Classwork

Given a right triangle with one of the angles named θ , and the sides of the triangle relative to θ named
opposite, adjacent, and hypotenuse (picture on the left), we define the 6 trig functions to be:

The Basic Trig Definitions *

opposite hypotenuse
the sine function: sin θ = the cosecant function: cscθ =
hypotenuse opposite
adjacent hypotenuse
the cosine function: cosθ = the secant function: secθ =
hypotenuse adjacent
opposite adjacent
the tangent function:tan θ = the cotangent function:cotθ =
adjacent opposite

Given a right triangle with one of the angles named θ with θ in standard position, and the sides of the triangle
relative to θ named x, y, and r. (picture on the right), we define the 6 trig functions to be:

y r
the sine function: sin θ = the cosecant function: cscθ =
r y
x r
the cosine function: cosθ = the secant function: secθ =
r x
y x
the tangent function:tan θ = the cotangent function:cotθ =
x y
The Pythagorean theorem ties these variables together: x 2 + y 2 = r 2

You MUST, MUST, MUST know the above thoroughly, inside and out, backwards and forward, and can never
forget it. It must be part of you. Expect quizzes every day for the immediate future to test whether you know
these definitions. You will find that if you learn them now, this section will be incredibly easy. If you learn
them and immediately forget them, you will struggle throughout this course.

A good way to remember the basic definitions is to remember the terms SOH-CAH-TOA. Sine = Opposite,
Hypotenuse, … Cosine = Adjacent, Hypotenuse…. Tangent = Opposite, Adjacent. For the other trig functions
(called the co-functions), Sine goes with Cosecant (S goes with C), Cosine goes with Secant (C goes with S),
and the other functions both use the words tangent.

Finally, remember that there is no such thing as sine. Sine doesn’t exist by itself. It is sin θ or sin α or sin x .
Every trig function is a function of an angle. The angle must be present.
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Example 1) Let P be a point on the terminal side of θ . Draw a picture and find the 6 trig functions of θ .

a) P (3,4) b) P (15,8)

c) P (5,2) d) P (1,7)

e) P (1,1) f) P ( 2, 7 )

Angles in Other Quadrants *

Let’s examine the trig functions if point P is not in the first quadrant. Let’s make a chart of the signs of x, y, and
r in all of the quadrants and thus, the signs of the trig functions in those quadrants. (r is always positive)

A good way to remember this is the term: A-S-T-C. It says the quadrants in which the 3 basic trig functions are
positive: (All – Sine – Tangent – Cosine)
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When we draw pictures of trig functions in quadrants other than quadrant I,
the triangle is always drawn to the x-axis. The angle inside the triangle will be
called the reference angle α . It is defined as the acute angle formed by the
terminal side of θ and the horizontal axis.

Example 2) Let P be a point on the terminal side of θ . Draw a picture

showing the reference angle and find the 6 trig functions of θ .
a) P (−8,6) b) P (7,−24)

c) P (−2,−2) (
d) P −1, 3 )

Example 3) We can be given information about one trig function and ask about the others. Draw a picture.

12 2
a) If sin θ = , θ in quadrant I, find cosθ and tan θ. b) If cos θ = , θ in quadrant IV, find sinθ and tan θ.
13 3

6
c) If tan θ = 3, θ in quadrant III, find cosθ and csc θ. d) If csc θ = , find cosθ and cotθ .
5

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Example 4) In what quadrant(s) are

a) sin θ > 0 and cosθ < 0 b) sec θ < 0 and cotθ < 0

c) csc θ < 0 and cosθ > 0 d) all trig functions negative

Co-terminal Angles *

So far, our angles have all been between 0° and 360° . What about angles outside that range? We will find that
since 360° represents one full rotation, that when we take a trig function of an angle greater than 360° , the
reference angle is the same as the angle created when subtracted 360° from the original angle. So, we can
make this claim: We may add or subtract any multiple of 360° (2π) to any angle and the trig functions of that
angle remain the same. Note that we are not saying the angle remains the same; 100° and 460° are clearly
different angles, but sin100° = sin 460° .

Example 5) For each angle θ given, find the angle between 0° and 360° which is co-terminal and then find the
signs of the trig functions of that angle.

Co-terminal
θ Quadrant sin θ cosθ tan θ cscθ secθ cot θ
angle ⎡⎣0°,360° )

400°

850°

1275°

900°

−231°

−721°

31π 6

−11π 2

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Trig Functions of Quadrant Angles

The picture below shows quadrant angles: Choose a point for each quadrant angle, determine x, y, and r, and
determine all six trig functions for those angles: Note that angles can be in degrees or in radians.

0° ( or 0 ) Point (,) 90° ( or π 2 ) Point (,)

x= y= r= x= y= r=
sin 0° = csc 0° = sin 90° = csc 90° =
cos 0° = sec 0° = cos 90° = sec 90° =
tan 0° = cot 0° = tan 90° = cot 90° =

180° ( or π ) Point (,) 270° ( or 3π 2 ) Point (,)

x= y= r= x= y= r=
sin 180° = csc 180° = sin 270° = csc 270° =
cos 180° = sec 180° = cos 270° = sec 270° =
tan 180° = cot 180° = tan 270° = cot 270° =

Example 6) Calculate the following without looking at the chart above: Note that any calculation involving
a trig function whose value that does not exist also does not exist.

6 tan180° + 3csc270°
a) 5sin 90° − 12cos 2 180° b)
−2sec 0°

−6sin (π 2 ) − 5cot 450°

c) (4sin 90° − 2cos270° − 5)
2
d)
3cos 2 0 − ( 3cos0 )
2

Domain and Range of Trig Functions

We normally think of domain of a function y = f ( x ) as the set of allowable x-values and the range as the set of
possible y-values. Since θ is created with values of x and y, it can be confusing when discussing domain and
range of trig functions. So when finding the domain and range of a trig function f (θ ) , we will define the
domain of the trig function f (θ ) as the allowable values of θ and range as the possible values of f (θ ) .
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 y x
Domain: We can take the sine and cosine of any angle . But since tan θ = and cot θ = , we have to worry
x y
about angles where y = 0 or x = 0. x = 0 along the y-axis so we cannot take the tangent of 90° or 270°. y = 0 is
along the x-axis so we cannot take the cotangent of 0° or 180°. For the csc function we have to be concerned
about angles where y = 0 ( 0° or 180° ) and for the sec function, we have to be concerned about angles where
x = 0 ( 90° or 270° ).

Range: Since we know that trig functions are based on the picture below and that in any right triangle,
y smaller
r > x and r > y , r must always be the larger side. So since sin θ = = , we find that the range of the
r larger
y larger
sine (and cosine) functions must be less than (or equal to) 1. And since csc θ = = , the range of the
r smaller
y
cosecant (and secant) functions must be greater than (or equal to) 1. Since tan θ = , we find that there is no
x
restriction on the values of the tangent function and cotangent functions. This can be summarized by the table
below:

Domain: Values of θ Range: Values of f (θ )

sin θ : θ : all real numbers − 1 ≤ f (θ ) ≤ 1 or ⎡⎣ −1,1⎤⎦
cosθ : θ :all real numbers − 1 ≤ f (θ ) ≤ 1 or ⎡⎣ −1,1⎤⎦
tan θ : θ ≠ 90°,θ ≠ 270° f (θ ) : all real numbers or ( −∞,∞ )
cscθ : θ ≠ 0°,θ ≠ 180° f (θ ) ≤ −1 or f (θ ) ≥ 1 or ( −∞, − 1⎤⎦ ∪ ⎡⎣1,∞ )
secθ : θ ≠ 90°,θ ≠ 270° f (θ ) ≤ −1 or f (θ ) ≥ 1 or ( −∞, − 1⎤⎦ ∪ ⎡⎣1,∞ )
cot θ : θ ≠ 0°,θ ≠ 180° f (θ ) : all real numbers or ( −∞,∞ )
Special Triangles

You must know the relationship of sides in both 30° − 60° − 90° and 45° − 45° − 90° triangles as shown below.

In a 30° − 60° − 90° , the ratio of sides is 1, 3,2 In a 45° − 45° − 90° , the ratio of sides is
1,1, 2

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That is not say that all 30° − 60° − 90° triangles have sides 1, 3 , 2 . However, the sides in such a triangle are in
1 3
the ratio of 1, 3 , 2. So, the sides for example could be 5, 5 3 , 10 or , ,1. And the sides in a
2 2
45° − 45° − 90° triangle could be for example: 3, 3, 3 2 or 4 2,4 2,8 .
Example 7) Complete the chart:

θ sin θ cosθ tan θ csc θ sec θ cot θ

⎛ π⎞
30° ⎜ or ⎟
⎝ 6⎠
⎛ π⎞
45° ⎜ or ⎟
⎝ 4⎠
⎛ π⎞
60° ⎜ or ⎟
⎝ 3⎠

The Special (Friendly) Angles

Any multiple of 30°,45° or 60° is considered a special angle (or a quadrant angle) and we call them the
friendly angles because we can easily compute trig functions of these angles.

Below is called a unit circle because its radius is one. It is possible to find every point that is shown on the unit
circle below. For instance, if we were to draw the triangle to the x-axis where the 30° angle intersects the circle,
we would have a 30° − 60° − 90° triangle. Since the hypotenuse is 1, then the side opposite 30° must be half of
1 ⎛ 1⎞
2
3 ⎛ 3 1⎞
that or . By the Pythagorean Theorem, x 2 + ⎜ ⎟ = 1 ⇒ x = . Hence the coordinate is ⎜ , ⎟.
2 ⎝ 2⎠ 2 ⎝ 2 2⎠

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Procedure to find trig functions of special angles

• Draw the angle and establish the quadrant

• Find the reference angle (angle to the nearest x-axis which will be 30°,45° or 60° )
• Draw the right triangle using the reference angle
• Find the lengths of the sides of the special triangle making sure to includes signs.
• Find the appropriate trig functions

Example 8) Complete the chart by following the procedure outlined above.

θ Radians Drawing Reference sin θ cosθ tan θ csc θ sec θ cot θ

angle

120°

135°

150°

210°

225°

240°

300°

315°

330°

Example 9) Calculate each of the following expressions. Do not look at the chart we just developed as you will
not have it in an exam. As you did, draw a picture which will help you to calculate the values of trig
expressions. Label the picture in case you have to use it again.

a) 8sin 30° − 6cos60° b) −2 tan 2 150° + 4cot 2 300°

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 d) ( 4 sin150° + cos240°)
2
c) sin 2 315° + cos2 315°

2
−5sin90° − 2cos120° ⎛ 5π 2π ⎞
e) f) ⎜ 2cot − sin 2
−5sin90° + 2cos120° ⎝ 4 3 ⎟⎠

cos300° + cos 225° Show that sin ( A − B ) = sin Acos B − cos Asin B
g) h)
csc 270° − sec150° for A = 150°, B = 240°

i) Show that cos 2θ = cos 2 θ − sin 2 θ for

5π
i) θ = 30° ii) θ = iii) θ = 495°
6

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 Topic 3.2 – The Trigonometric Functions - Homework
1. Let P be a point on the terminal side of θ . Draw a picture showing the reference angle and find the 6 trig
functions of θ .

a. P (12,9) b. P (30,16)

c. P (1,2) (
d. P 3, 7 )

e. P (−8,−6) f. P (1,−3)

(
g. P 6,− 13 ) (
h. P − 2,− 2 )

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2. Given information about one trig function, find other trig functions:
4 3
a. If tanθ = , θ in quadrant I, find cosθ and sin θ. b. If cosθ = , θ in quadrant IV, find sin θ and tan θ.
3 2

5 5
c. If sinθ = , θ in quadrant II, find sec θ and cot θ. d. If secθ = − , θ in quadrant III, find sin θ and tan θ.
8 2

2
e. If tanθ = −5, θ in quadrant IV, find sin θ and sec θ. f. If cosθ = and sinθ < 0, find sin θ and tanθ.
3

6 4 5
g. If secθ = , find sin θ and tanθ. h. If tanθ = , find sin θ and cosθ.
5 5

3. In what quadrant are the following true. Explain your rationale.

a. sin θ <0 and cosθ > 0 b. csc θ > 0 and cotθ < 0

c. sec θ < 0 and tanθ < 0 d. csc θ < 0 and cosθ < 0

4. Find the value of the following (do not look at the chart – make a small picture and calculate the values).

a. 5sin90° − 7cos180° b. 4sec0° + 7csc 270°

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 3
⎛ 3π ⎞
c. sin 180° + cos 180°
2 2
d. ⎜ 6cot + 3sec π ⎟
⎝ 2 ⎠

e. cos0°sin 270° − cos 270°sin0° f. ( sin 270° − sec0° ) ( sin 270° + sec0° )

5. For each value of θ , determine the co-terminal angle and the signs of the trig functions of that angle.

θ Co-terminal sin θ cosθ tan θ csc θ sec θ cot θ

angle
(between
0° and 360° )
700°

1525°

−485°

2.5π

−20π
7

6. For each statement, determine whether or not it is Possible (P) or Impossible (I).

a. sin θ = −5 b. tan θ + 1 = 3.79

c. 2cosθ + 5.5 = 4 d. sin α + cot β = 8

e. csc α + sin β = 0.5 f. sin α + cos β = 2

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7. Find the value of the following (do not look at the chart – make a small picture and calculate the values)

a. 6sin30° − 4cos150° b. 8sin60° − 4sin300°

c. ( 4 tan120° ) (8cos 225° ) d. 6sin315° + 8tan135°

8csc30°
e. f. −2cos 225° − 4cot 315° + 3
cot 330°

g. sin 2 225° − cos 2 225° h. cos3 630° − csc3 ( −30° )

2 4
⎛ π 2π ⎞ ⎛ 3π 7π ⎞
i. ⎜ sin − 4cos ⎟ j. ⎜ cos 2 − csc 2
⎝ 6 3 ⎠ ⎝ 4 6 ⎟⎠

8. Show that the following statements are true.

1+ sin330° cos330° cos120°cot120°

a. + = 2sec330° b. − 1 = csc120°
cos330° 1+ sin330° 1− sin120°

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