Scribd
Upload
2 views14 pages

Lecture - Two - Arrays & For Loop

The document provides an overview of arrays in C++, including their declaration, initialization, and access methods. It explains how to modify array elements and introduces multidimensional arrays with examples of initialization. Additionally, it covers the use of for loops to iterate through arrays, including a range-based for loop example.

Uploaded by

muudyjumbe
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
2 views14 pages

Lecture - Two - Arrays & For Loop

The document provides an overview of arrays in C++, including their declaration, initialization, and access methods. It explains how to modify array elements and introduces multidimensional arrays with examples of initialization. Additionally, it covers the use of for loops to iterate through arrays, including a range-based for loop example.

Uploaded by

muudyjumbe
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 14

Object Oriented Programming in C++

ARRAYS

Instructor: Laban Gasper


ARRAYS
In C++, an array is a variable that can store multiple values of the same type
They provide a way to organize and manage multiple values under a single variable name

Declaration of Arrays
To declare an array, specify the data type, the array name, and the size of the array in
square brackets
dataType arrayName[arraySize];

For example, to declare an integer array named numbers with a size of 5:

int numbers[5];
Example 02: strings
string cars[4];
ARRAYS
C++ Array Initialization
In C++, it’s possible to initialize an array during declaration

To insert values to it, we can use an array literal - place the values in a comma-separated
list, inside curly braces:
string cars[4] = {"Volvo", "BMW", "Ford", "Mazda"};
To create an array of three integers, you could write
int myNum[3] = {10, 20, 30};
If you initialize only a subset of elements, the remaining elements are initialized to 0 by
default:
int numbers[5] = {1, 2, 3}; // numbers will be {1, 2, 3, 0, 0}
ARRAYS
Access the Elements of an Array

In C++, each element in an array is associated with a number.


The number is known as an array index. We can access elements of an array by using
those indices
ARRAYS

Another method to initialize array during declaration:


//declare and initialize an array
int x[] = {19, 10, 8, 17, 9, 15}
Here, we have not mentioned the size of the array. In such cases, the compiler
automatically computes the size
ARRAYS
Change an Array Element

To change the value of a speci c element, refer to the index number


Example
string cars[4] = {"Volvo", "BMW", "Ford", “Mazda"};
cars[0] = “Opel";
cout << cars[0];
// Now outputs Opel instead of Volvo

What is the output of the following code?


string names[4] = {"Liam", "Jenny", "Angie", "Kasper"};
cout << names[2];
fi
ARRAYS
Multidimensional Arrays
In C++, we can create an array of an array, known as a multidimensional array. For
example: int x[3][4]

Here, x is a two-dimensional array. It can hold a maximum of 12 elements.


We can think of this array as a table with 3 rows and each row has 4 columns as shown
below.
ARRAYS
Multidimensional Arrays

In three-dimensional arrays also work in a similar way.


For example: oat x[2][4][3]
This array can hold a maximum of 24 elements.
x

We can nd out the total number of elements in the array simply by multiplying its
dimensions:
i. e 2 x 4 x 3 = 24
fl
fi
ARRAYS
Multidimensional Array Initialization

Like a normal array, we can initialize a multidimensional array in more than one way.
Initialization of two-dimensional array
int test[2][3] = {2, 4, 5, 9, 0, 19};
The above method is not preferred. A better way to initialize this array with the same
array elements is given below:
int test[2][3] = { {2, 4, 5}, {9, 0, 19}};
ARRAYS
Multidimensional Array Initialization

This array has 2 rows and 3 columns, which is why we have two rows of elements with 3
elements each
ARRAYS
Multidimensional Array Initialization

Initialization of three-dimensional array


int test[2][3][4] = {3, 4, 2, 3, 0, -3, 9, 11, 23, 12, 23,2, 13, 4, 56, 3, 5, 9, 3, 5, 5, 1, 4, 9};
This is not a good way of initializing a three-dimensional array. A better way to initialize
this array is:
int test[2][3][4] = {{ {3, 4, 2, 3}, {0, -3, 9, 11}, {23, 12, 23, 2} },{ {13, 4, 56, 3}, {5, 9, 3, 5}, {5, 1, 4, 9} }};

Notice the dimensions of this three-dimensional array


FOR LOOP
In C++, a for loop is used to repeat a block of code a speci c number of times. The
general syntax is
for (initialization; condition; update) {
// Code to execute in each iteration
}
Example
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main() {
for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
cout << "i = " << i << endl;
}
return 0;
}

fi
FOR LOOP
Explanation
Initialization: int i = 0 sets the starting point.
Condition: i < 5 checks if the loop should continue.
Update: i++ increases the value of after each iteration
i

Looping through an array


#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main() {
int numbers[] = {10, 20, 30, 40, 50};
for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
cout << "Element " << i << ": " << numbers[i] << endl;
}
return 0;
}
FOR LOOP

Range-based for loop


#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

int main() {
int numbers[] = {10, 20, 30, 40, 50};

for (int num : numbers) {


cout << num << endl;
}
return 0;
}

You might also like