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Computer Networks Assignment

The document covers key concepts in computer networks, including definitions and explanations of various network topologies such as bus and star topologies. It also discusses protocol hierarchies, design issues for layers, the differences between connection-oriented and connectionless services, service primitives, and the functionality of the OSI reference model. Each section provides essential details about the structure and operation of computer networks.

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3 views3 pages

Computer Networks Assignment

The document covers key concepts in computer networks, including definitions and explanations of various network topologies such as bus and star topologies. It also discusses protocol hierarchies, design issues for layers, the differences between connection-oriented and connectionless services, service primitives, and the functionality of the OSI reference model. Each section provides essential details about the structure and operation of computer networks.

Uploaded by

dhvanit.tech
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Computer Networks Assignment

1. Define Topology, List Various Topologies, and Explain Any Two in Detail

Topology refers to the physical or logical arrangement of computers, cables, and other components in a

network. It defines how devices are connected and how data flows between them.

Types of Network Topologies:

- Bus Topology

- Star Topology

- Ring Topology

- Mesh Topology

- Tree Topology

- Hybrid Topology

(a) Bus Topology:

In a bus topology, all devices are connected to a single central cable, known as the bus or backbone.

Advantages:

- Easy to implement and extend.

- Requires less cable compared to star topology.

Disadvantages:

- A failure in the main cable stops all transmissions.

- Difficult to identify issues and troubleshoot.

(b) Star Topology:

All devices are connected to a central hub or switch.

Advantages:

- Easy to install and manage.

- Failure of one device doesn't affect the rest.

Disadvantages:

- Hub failure disables the entire network.

- Requires more cable than bus topology.

2. Explain Protocol Hierarchies


Computer Networks Assignment

Protocol Hierarchies refer to the layered structure where each layer is responsible for a specific function in

the communication process. These layers communicate through well-defined interfaces and protocols,

reducing complexity and allowing interoperability. Example: OSI model is a 7-layer protocol hierarchy.

3. Design Issues for the Layers

Key design issues include:

1. Addressing - How endpoints are identified (e.g., IP addresses).

2. Error Control - Ensuring reliable data transmission.

3. Flow Control - Managing the speed of data.

4. Multiplexing - Combining multiple signals.

5. Routing - Finding best path for data.

6. Data Formatting - Data format compatibility.

4. Connection-Oriented vs Connectionless Services

Connection-Oriented:

- Requires connection setup.

- Reliable (uses ACKs).

- Example: TCP

- Higher overhead.

Connectionless:

- No connection setup.

- Unreliable (no ACKs).

- Example: UDP

- Lower overhead.

5. Discuss Service Primitives

Service Primitives are basic operations used for communication between layers. They represent the interface

between a service user and provider.

Types:

- Request: Initiates an action.


Computer Networks Assignment

- Indication: Notifies the receiver.

- Response: A reply.

- Confirm: Action confirmation.

6. Functionality of OSI Reference Model

The OSI Model has 7 layers:

1. Physical Layer - Transmits raw bits.

2. Data Link - Handles framing and error.

3. Network - Logical addressing and routing.

4. Transport - Reliable delivery (TCP).

5. Session - Manages sessions.

6. Presentation - Translates and encrypts data.

7. Application - Directly interacts with user applications (e.g., HTTP).

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