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OPERATORS AND CONTROL

STATEMENTS IN JAVA
1Operators
yariables
Operators are used to perform operations. n
and values.
These include acithmetic,relat-iomal , logical,
bitwise asignment and miscellaneous operators.

a) Arithmetic Operatars
These are used for basic math operations.
Operator Example Descripion
+ atb Addition
d-b Substraion
Mutiplication
alb Diyisiom
% a%b Modulus (remainder)

@Curious-programmer
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Exan1ple
int a =10 , b=5;
int sum =a+b; || SUm = 15
int remainder = a% b / remainder =0

b) Relational OperaBors
Ihese operators coTmpare values to see if they are
equal Qreater or smaller than
than each other.

Qperator Example Descripiom

VAV
Equal to
al=b Not equal to
azb Gareater than
d<b Less than
Greater tharn or equal to
<= Less than or equal to

Example
if (azb) {
printf ("a is greater than b");

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9 Logical Operalors :

These are used when you want to check muliple

Conditioms at once (for example. if two things
are true ).

Operator Example Descriptiom

a8 b AND (both must be true)
all b OR (One of them is true)
NOT (inverts the condition)

Example
if (a>0) &R b<10)
| |Executs if both condiioms are true

combine conditions ike

Logical aperatorstwohelpcomditions
if are true at
checking
the Same time.

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d) Bitwise Operators
These wonk with the binary fornn f rumbers (bits)
and perform operatiorns indivicual bits.

Operator Example Description

& a &b AND
a lb OR
XOR
NOT
< a <<2 Left shift
a>> 2 Right shift

Example
int result a&bi | bituise and a andb

These used for low -level programming and

dealing with individual bits humbers.

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e) Assignment Operators
These are used to assion a value to a variable

Operator Example Descripiom

Assignsb to a
d+b Adds b to a and stores the
results in a
d-=b |Subtracts btrom a and stores
the result in a
k=b Multiplies aand b and stores result ina
Divides a by b and stores the
resut in a
oo = a% =b Stores the remainder of a
dividend by b in a

Evample
int a=5;
t3 ; Il a= 8

Assignmert operaBors make it easy to store

results in variables afBer doing operations

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)Miscellaneous Operalors
These are special operators used or speciftc
tasks.

Operator Example Descripiom

b?a:b Ternary (shortend if-else)
sizeof s0Zeof (a) Gives the size of a
yariable in memory

Exanmple
int max (a>b) ?a:b ;
Il max = a it a>b , else max =b

These help perform tasks like quick decision

making or finding the size dt
Yariable.

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3 Loops
Loops are used to repeat a set of actions multiple
times, like running a task over and Over
umtil condiion charnges
a) for LOop
A for loop is used when you know how many.
times you want o repeat action

Example
for (int i=0: ii<5i
i+)
printf ("%d"ili /Prints 01234

Its used when you meed to repeat something

a fixed number o times , 1ike loping
through a list ot items.
b) while Loop
A while lop repeais an acti¡n ad long as
Conditiom is true. You miaht mot know how
many imes it will repeat:
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Examples
int i 0i
while (i<5)
print+ "%d", i)i Prints 0011 23 4
1++j
3

I4:s useful when you dnt knou) how many

repeitioms you meed, but just want to
kep aoing until something changes.

) do-while Loop:
A do-while loop is similar toa while loop ,
but it always runs at least OMce betore
checkinghe condition

int i =0j
do
printf ("%d",i);
1++j
3 while (i<5) ;

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Example
tor (int i= 0; 1<10; 1++)
if (i==5) continue ; lskips prinHing 5
printt ("%d" i) 5
I/ Print 012 3 4 6 789
3

Use Continue when you want to skip certain

steps 1n loop but keep the Toop going

@ urious - programmer