Java EE and Servlets - Unit 1 (Full Notes with Examples)

Unit 1 - Java EE and Servlets (Detailed Notes with Examples)

1. What is Java EE (Enterprise Edition)?

Java EE is a platform for building large scale, multi-user, secure, and scalable business

applications.

Example: Online banking software, IRCTC ticket booking system.

2. What is an Enterprise Application?

It is a business application used in organizations to manage operations like HR, sales, banking, etc.

Features: High Availability, Scalability, Security, Fast Performance.

3. Java EE Technologies:

- Servlets: Used for handling client requests on web servers.

- JSP (Java Server Pages): Used for creating dynamic web pages.

- EJB (Enterprise JavaBeans): Used for business logic.

- JDBC: Used to connect Java applications with databases like MySQL.

- JMS (Java Messaging Service): Used for message communication between different parts of the

application.

4. Java EE Architecture Types:

- Single-tier Architecture: All code (UI, logic, database) on one system.

- Two-tier Architecture: Client and Server.

Example: Java Swing application connecting directly to MySQL.

- Three-tier Architecture: Client -> Web Server -> Database Server.

- Four-tier Architecture: Client -> Web Server -> Application Server -> Database.

- Multi-tier Architecture: Multiple layers for better control and maintenance.

5. Java EE Containers:

- Web Container: Runs Servlets and JSP.

- EJB Container: Runs EJBs (business logic components).

- Application Client Container: Runs standalone Java client programs.

- Applet Container: Runs Java Applets inside browsers.

6. GlassFish Server:

GlassFish is a Java EE Application Server that runs Java EE components like Servlets, JSPs, EJBs.

Example: Deploying your Servlet on GlassFish for handling web requests.

7. Introduction to Servlets:

Servlet is a Java class that runs on server and handles client requests and responses.

Advantages:

- High performance (uses threads, not processes)

- Portable (Java based)

- Secure

- Robust

Example Servlet Code:

@WebServlet("/Hello")

public class HelloServlet extends HttpServlet {

protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse res) throws ServletException,

res.setContentType("text/html");

PrintWriter out = res.getWriter();

out.print("<h1>Hello, this is my first Servlet!</h1>");

8. Servlet Life Cycle:

- init(): Initializes the servlet. Runs once when servlet loads.

- service(): Runs every time client sends request.

- destroy(): Runs before servlet unloads. Cleans up resources.

9. Servlet API Packages:

- javax.servlet: For generic servlet classes and interfaces.

- javax.servlet.http: For HTTP-specific classes like HttpServlet, HttpServletRequest,

HttpServletResponse.

10. Using Annotations instead of web.xml:

Instead of configuring servlet in web.xml, we use @WebServlet annotation.

Example:

@WebServlet("/Welcome")

public class WelcomeServlet extends HttpServlet {

protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse res) throws ServletException,

IOException {

res.setContentType("text/html");

PrintWriter out = res.getWriter();

11. JDBC (Java Database Connectivity):

Java API for connecting Java programs to databases.

Types of JDBC Drivers:

- Type 1: JDBC-ODBC Bridge

- Type 2: Native API Driver

- Type 3: Network Protocol Driver

- Type 4: Pure Java Thin Driver (Most commonly used)

Steps for JDBC Connection:

1. Load JDBC Driver

2. Establish connection with database

3. Create Statement

4. Execute SQL Queries

5. Process Results

6. Close connection

Example JDBC Connection:

Class.forName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver");

Connection con = DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/testdb", "root", "root");

12. Servlet + JDBC Example (Registration Form):

<form action='RegisterServlet' method='get'>

Username: <input type='text' name='uname'><br>

Password: <input type='password' name='pass'><br>

Email: <input type='text' name='email'><br>

Country: <input type='text' name='country'><br>

<input type='submit' value='Register'>

</form>

Servlet Code (RegisterServlet.java):

@WebServlet("/RegisterServlet")

public class RegisterServlet extends HttpServlet {

protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws

ServletException, IOException {

response.setContentType("text/html");

PrintWriter out = response.getWriter();

String uname = request.getParameter("uname");

String pass = request.getParameter("pass");

String email = request.getParameter("email");

String country = request.getParameter("country");

try {

Class.forName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver");

Connection con = DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/logindb", "root",

PreparedStatement pst = con.prepareStatement("insert into user values (?, ?, ?, ?)");

pst.setString(1, uname);

pst.setString(2, pass);

pst.setString(3, email);

pst.setString(4, country);

int row = pst.executeUpdate();

out.print("<h3>Registration Successful! Rows inserted: " + row + "</h3>");

} catch(Exception e) {

out.print(e);

13. Important Exam Questions:

- Explain 3-tier architecture.

- Explain types of JDBC drivers.

- Explain Servlet Life Cycle.

- Explain JDBC Architecture.

- Difference between CGI and Servlet.

- Servlet login or registration form example.

- JDBC insert example program.

End of Unit 1 Notes.