NetwosKIng

Netwakig may fndependnt

Computey Netwak i5 a Sstem that Connects
’ Compuers to Shae tnfaaion & sesa (es
Tnfarnationr Dada, emal
machine
Resa Ces z P n t e , fax

2 FisH NetWase Apanet

) ArpANET= Advanced ReseaCh Pacects Ageney NelWesck.
B= US Depast ment of Defence ( Doo)
) yeat = 1969 0y (USA /us)
’ IPAddsesse Tntenet porotocol Address
Irtent potoco Vesioh)
Ohd LP oddoess- LPNy 2g Bit/6 Dyte

’ MAe Ad doess- media Aceess (onlgcl ddesye48 B/bOye

waks ulthat Irierne)
Addess ae4wo dype -(IP & MAe) addsess Te mPaa
called octaal4 octaid)

4poor each Cortains g bit

FaxmayDeciyal Notatioh)
Ronge= O-255) )>bet mal
Do4 is Caled periode
32 Bit /4 Bye there a e 3 Peiode

IpyÇ = 128gi4 /16 Bye

=Latest Notatioh)
(Hexa Deci mal Fo mat/(Hexa Decimal

) MAe Addass = 488i4/6 Byle

(Hexa Deci mal /AlphaNeuneric Paitern)
- 12 Chara cted 5 easily Possible to hot Choe
IH is emahht)

manufocturig
Details
Name
litten on (NIe Caod)
Netwak Thteface cad,
e) These ase 5 0iffeent clas
Ses 1h IP Addess
Class A -12) (26 i5 Saved fa Loop Back addess
class Bs (128- 191) 15 121 18. 25
class e= (492- 223)
heck ls1 octaid
elass D= (224- 239)
5) elass E far class Vexificatiom
(240-255)
|Netwokg TPes (Qy Asaa wise)
) LAN LOcal Agea Nelwek)
Paivale Netaak
= Small aea ( Home, ofice)
Shae 2e5oces
Data Toansfer Speed- (1o mbes to
Devicese = Hub/sw4ch
Advanced fasm a Sli4ch is 2oute
secuait
Hign -ico mi- 2k) Unshield

able used- Tueisted pai abe Coaxial ablu

(onnectiam

Diected Connect ube faa Ty

to Laeto Ppe
Types- wtoud/w'eless
wised LAN (able E+heshet g02.3
wigeles6 =wif- RG2:l1 Starderd
Standed

MANMetropolitan Asea etwak)

Intercornecting ct minimum 2 LAN

LAN +LAN= nMAN
Cable- Abes opic cable
Example (able Televi 60h Ne-tuak

Devices- HublswacuRoulers/gaidge
Less Secuoi
WAN Wide Aua NetWonk)
= WAN- Telecommuhicaioh Netwak
Coves (cudies
Lhtea het í5 thegest wAr
Taansi5bion medium 5 atelite
Device- Roudess

Less se Cuonity
Fisewall evuied

-) Collecior a mAN
 PAN Pessonal Asua rNet Way
Bluetooth Enabled Deviles
Infaased Enabled Device
Ho+Sot
wisele55 Mate, wisless keyboand.
Blutooh enabled heo dphones
wieless Painters, TV 0mode
’ Qange-10 metyus.
SAN Staoge AsLa Netwoo)
) also Called Cloud com Putirg
Savein SeVeg1 & easily h Cces3

CAN (Campus Agea Netwasl)

hn AN but Sha llex ham mAN

also Called Capanate Aa NetWak

ConnecHan a LAN

NetwaKs TyPe
’ Intes het
’all ean acces5 ulithcut cny pooblem.
ex- Wiki Pedia, Meesho, flipat
e Public Ne4aK

ohly fa employees at gonizotion

Paiivde Netwask

Ex49anet
Paivale Netutask
Netulo hold betuteen 2. Cowfanies a asu dham 2Camfories

Netulaakivg modes
’3imp lex
-Data tsavels onlyin ohe disuctiam
keyboad mohita
Shaus
 Half Duplex
Doto taVels in hah dietiam bu only once at

et ampQ-
Natkie Talleie
Tnaih move
Chotti'
No+ ive
geply
Sent

Chatig
Full Duplek
Data toavels in both disectian 5imutensy
example - MobtL callir
video cokouncirg

Netwaking Cables= Ghui ded media

)Tulis ed Pais Cable
)3h)eldud Twisted pai (5Te)
Facty
") Unshielded Tutisted pais (UTe)
- Lan Gan Cohnecian

Co- Axial Cable

=N able, D24 ( Diset to Hane

Ftbse optic cable

unde 5ea
Fagtest
Byoadband conhectian
Bols0 Called 5ub maihe Cable

Ungui ded- medus /wiG ownectom

) Radio waves -
TeleviSion, elula phghes ,adios
micOWaves
Cowmuni catiom, ada, mdical teamet
Ihfaed Waves
- semote coniols, nigbt Visian(eeTV)
 Netiao ig evices
Dumb pvie (No bain far Porocessi vg)
egroodlat message (nessage Sent to oll)
Eaoli ime,ule use

2eapeaten

Hub
Tales ube sea Peatesug
Bsidge
Same Raotoco!
Some TouoPol
Connecian betulean ame Jhings
Wases in mAe addsess

Gialedg
-0Heent Netw ask Check Potocol s
-Diffenet Psotoco!
y(Giaieman)
stop to unaudhoized acces6. & Flte
Note

Routes
Pegulate Te a d d a s s s e c e to Desinatim)
(wied Avea NetWoy
WAN
Taffic 2eguloBe

Modem
Stand fa Modulator &De-modulatan
modulata Digtal Anal oial up Connecthan)
De- modulada- Analog > Oigtal
5l6dlest coknecti am. & ubed telephon Lihes
Flyeulal|
Combtnoation as Hardlae t 50ft waoe
top uhathoized acces6.
->(Bouney
 Dial up Connecions
bed telephoe Lihes
used mopE
SloWes4 (ohnecton

DSL Dital bub5caiber Line

bed Raten
Fastes Cohneciam
Broadband Cohnecian
Router
’ Advanced fa im at SliHch
7 Tntes1netulaking nevite - (onhect many aevies
) Data faalandpackets.

|5 Pat en Sehd data ueith he heto at-Ie addesS.

Fsuency =(2.4htz- 5 ntz)
Rater Feanc =Ihtevhet FeGency
IEEE tardad AO
=)Thsttude a Electial amd Elecahis Ergineens
= the hembeH6 at Netlak (s Called IEEE
LEEE g024- LAN Poto col
IEEE 02.2 = Logcol Link Condsoi(e)
IEEE Ro2-3 Ethexet Twiste pa
LE EE Bo2.4 = Token Gus
IEEE o25 Token Rtng
IEE R02-6 = MAN
IEE R02}| WLAN(WIFI)
IEE 802-14 Cable modam
IEE
IEE PAN
IEE R02: 16 = WiMA
(Cohhect Wald wida via
SaBelite)
Netwaaeing models
) 2 tyle at robel

prortoco
-aansmiasiom Cortgo| Pgotacoi/Thieynat
Ir yeaa 1940
adoptd in 1983,
adopted as Jhe Drotoco| 4tar dand fa
ARPANET

= Thee au in
tupdated.

asinal updoied
4- Apelcatian 5. Appli (aiom
3- Trans Pas t TaansPa 4
2. Intesnet Netwas k
2. Data L k
Physicál
i5absent CamPane
Session &Poesetatiam ge
to osI, hodel
Deve loped by - U5 DePad ment at Defene (000)
Bob lehan Kahn

O5I vodol
) St ords fax oPen SyStem Indertokhection raodel
Total Loerypplicoiom
CPresentathom
S Bession )Aap 5Ped Test Nahi De
TansPast
3 NetWak
2 bota lnk
1. phy 5ical
TH5a Bodtom to up approach
Developed by IsoCIlenational aganizatiom far
Slan dadizatiam)
kphysical Loye physical Conhecian
= Maietain he Haf Oulex ,fuU
shiciy mo dee
gimplex, Dup
2epeolea,)
Bi4 e Cool(0evice- Hub,
modem, cabe
20ata ine L
*Paovide phy5ical
addss a mae address.
transfer at doata fames
Flow Congol at Data
No4 to slous
Not to fast )
Control Esoan Shau messag te a
Device- Sui4ch, Baige Modem
3Newak
Mamage IP address
Netaki device= Qoutes
Data ih am ab Dackets
= Devi(e Qouter
4

- Endto-End e
FDeals e4h acknouledgemant a Dota guala)
= Heat at DSI MOdel
Diie’ Giatedg
5. 5essior:qe
Se6sian manage betuleen 2-this.
SynchOni za Ham Catdtra)
Device- Gioteuy
G. pgesentaiam Le
=anSlatian n to cher Lora)
Encayption
Decypion
Compeb5ion

= 0l50 Called Desktop J-ye

) be by= end use SoftwWae
Device = Gratedog
Grot euht
Cor be Wank in all
 0SI Model = ppu Poroto Col Oota unit)

OSI modal pou (Gecoity

Applieation
Pesentati on Dota
5.

Tanspott5egment
Ne4Wak Pacvet
2. Dola Link Fgam
Pkysical GH5

Netwokivg Topolo
=) ToPolgy is physi cal a Lgica layat at a Nelwask

= Multpoint Cohnectioh
fully depend oh Cablelwise
Device Called Node S t a t teo mirorta
Ehd potnds= Teminatanr ehd te minalas

2. StarTopologty
(ehal DeviceHUB
Hue= Phyaical Le
HUB Dub bevite

3 Rig Topo log

message Caled -Tokens
Devices ih Cincul an Loop used in shrall
a
lo5e Loop
4.T9ue ToPo log1
Mulipu HUB
Hievanchical Stauctwu meons Tee Fasma
 S. Mesh TOPol
nost toble toPolg
Point to
Relatioh Peea to Pee
-ge tu iaing eauised
Home utomaGhy pobotS
Denote
IoT
alea

G. tybotd Topol ogy

= (onbihaian a 2 a mae topolgy
3 = Hone Nelaak e be bo h wf
Dhenhet (able

(Porotoco| means sues & gulaian)

Netwkig porotocols
A ptoto Col i5 a jet of gules
Poto ol enabe conpte to comhnicate h
Ohe anothe
Protocol "TYPes
)3MTP- Stmple mail Txatfer Pooto col = SehdEmail
2) pop3- Po5t off(e P t o Col 5 ecive e nail
=Sigle Device
? IMAP - Itenet Message Access pooto col = eived
Cmail- Mult Device

)MimE- Mult PWpose Iterhet mail extension=

= atach ment in E-mail

5) FTP- File Tahbte Protocol Wbe fa

uploadirg
t dounloading Pupose
) TeP IA-Transmission Conl
nol Psotocot/Thtenit
Communication proto(o! Rortoco!
454 protoCol
Founder vnt ertt Bob kahn.
 LP Ad daess = Thdesnet Protocol Netwak addess fan
ta (ompele.
S"IpV4328i+IpVG- 128 Gi

8) mae Addss Media Acces5 (onisol Physical Adduss

r4B Bit

) HTTP= Hypeytes4 Tons fe potocol- furdamendol

PaotoCo f h Tdernte Wogkirg by dafoult In
Dsplg web poges/website
Secused
1 HTTPS = Hypertext Tansfes Paoo (ol Seeustty = wbed far
Web Seéusty Setwed
11) IeMp= Intenet Conto)
message psrotoco] = ra
Upanting Ond hetwok diag nosties
Telnet = Teletype NetWak - Fa semote
Connection
19 TeP= Tsansmission con igiol Pgroto Col = Cohnectio n
a9ciended protocol ua-htee psotaCol
m Proto Col - Cohnectioh Less poto co|

15) DNS- Domain Name System= Translate Do h¡in name

tnto TP Adde55.
Jtthe Seave Wnich ulaes tn ONS i5 Domaln Name
Seave
16) SFTP= SeCuse File Tansfe prtoco] = tube fa Encoyioh
tn ceploa dig t dowhloodig
1) GioPhe= used far -dibtnibutig,searC hig tsiieviA
docuhi s oVeethe Lhtesnet.
16) 5SH= 6elsu Shell= 3ecuneunote Connecioh=Te lhet Seciy
)App= Adduss Resoluon psotoo| =Flnd Mae addss.
20) RAep= Revese ARP- fnd Ip addaess.
a)°bHCe- Dyhamic Host Configaoatiom paoto col =exttomotic
a55ignig IP Address.
29 S5- Se lue Socket Layer= ata -tansfer thagh SSt is
encaypted.
23) TL5 Tanspat Layer Soeet SoCket= advanted vension as
5SL
Q4) PPTP= Poid to Potht Tunne lltrg Poto col=
sed InvPN