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Java Strings

Java Strings are immutable objects representing sequences of characters, stored in a special memory area called the String Constant Pool (SCP) when created as literals. Various methods for string creation and manipulation are provided, including built-in methods like length(), charAt(), and substring(). The immutability and optimization of memory usage make Java Strings advantageous for thread safety and integration with APIs.

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12 views13 pages

Java Strings

Java Strings are immutable objects representing sequences of characters, stored in a special memory area called the String Constant Pool (SCP) when created as literals. Various methods for string creation and manipulation are provided, including built-in methods like length(), charAt(), and substring(). The immutability and optimization of memory usage make Java Strings advantageous for thread safety and integration with APIs.

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gunjanmahara2
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Java Strings - Complete Notes

1 Introduction to Strings

• Strings in Java are objects that represent sequences of characters.


They are immutable, meaning once created, they cannot be
changed.

• Java provides the `String` class in the `java.lang` package to work


with strings.
2 String Constant Pool and Memory Storage

• In Java, strings are stored in a special memory area called the String
Constant Pool (SCP).

• When a string is created using a string literal, it is stored in this pool


to avoid memory duplication.
Example:

String s1 = "Hello";
String s2 = "Hello"; // s1 and s2 both refer to the same object in SCP

However, when a string is created using the `new` keyword, it is


stored in the heap memory:

String s3 = new String("Hello"); // Stored outside the SCP


3. Ways to Create Strings

1. Using string literals (stored in SCP)


2. Using `new` keyword (stored in Heap)
3. From character arrays: new String(char[])
4. From byte arrays: new String(byte[])

char[] chars = {'J','a','v','a'};


String s1 = new String(chars);
System.out.println(s1);
Output: Java
4. Advantages of Strings in Java

- Strings are immutable, which makes them thread-safe and secure.

- Java optimizes memory usage via the String Constant Pool.

- The String class has many useful built-in methods.

- Easy to use and integrate with other APIs and libraries.

- Strings are widely used in file handling, networking, and user input.
5. Important String Methods with Examples

Method: length()

String str = "Hello";


System.out.println(str.length());

Output: 5

Method: charAt()

String str = "Hello";


System.out.println(str.charAt(1)); Output: e
Method: substring()

String str = "HelloWorld";


System.out.println(str.substring(5));

Output: World

Method: contains()

String str = "OpenAI ChatGPT";


System.out.println(str.contains("Chat"));

Output: true
Method: equals()

String a = "Java";
String b = "Java";
System.out.println(a.equals(b));

Output: true

Method: equalsIgnoreCase()

String a = "Java";
String b = "java";
Output: true
System.out.println(a.equalsIgnoreCase(b));
Method: toLowerCase()

String str = "HELLO";


System.out.println(str.toLowerCase());

Output: hello

Method: toUpperCase()

String str = "hello";


System.out.println(str.toUpperCase());

Output: HELLO
Method: trim()

String str = " Hello ";


System.out.println(str.trim());

Output: Hello

Method: replace()

String str = "banana";


System.out.println(str.replace('a', 'o'));

Output: bonono
Method: split()

String str = "a,b,c";


String[] parts = str.split(",");
System.out.println(parts[1]);

Output: b

Method: indexOf()

String str = "programming";


System.out.println(str.indexOf('g')); Output: 3
Method: lastIndexOf()

String str = "programming";


System.out.println(str.lastIndexOf('g'));

Output: 10

Method: startsWith()

String str = "Java";


System.out.println(str.startsWith("Ja"));

Output: true
Method: endsWith()

String str = "Java";


System.out.println(str.endsWith("va"));

Output: true

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