Computer Awareness 3 PDF
Computer Awareness 3 PDF
ANUJ JINDAL
KEY BENEFITS OF OUR COURSES
• Access Time- The amount of time it takes for requested information to be delivered from discs and
memory.
• Accumulator- A local Storage Area called a register, which the result of an arithmetic or logic
operation is formed. It contains a single data register.
• Active Cell- The cell in MS Excel with dark boundary is called the active cell.
• ALU- It stands for Arithmetic Logical Unit. All calculations in computer are done here.
• Amplifier- The circuit board that plugs into a computer and gives it additional capabilities.
• Analog Computer- Computer that operates on data which is in the form of continuous variable
physical quantities.
• Android- It is a Linux based operating system designed primarily for touchscreen mobile devices such
as Smartphones and Tablets computer.
VERSIONS OF ANDROID (OLD TO NEW)
Cupcake à Donut à Eclair à Froyo à Gingerbread à Honeycomb à Ice Cream Sandwich à Jelly Bean à
Kit-Kat à Lollipop à Marshmallow à Nougat à Oreo.
• Algorithm- A step-by-step procedure design to solve a problem or achieve an objective.
• Alphanumeric- A character said that contains letters, another special characters such as @, $, +, *,
%, etc.
• Application Software- It is designed to perform some specific application such as payroll, word
processing, graphics etc.
• Backup- Storage of duplicate files on desk, diskettes, other form of magnetic medium (such as tapes)
as a safety measure in case the original medium is damaged or lost.
• Backspace Key- A key is used on the keyboard to delete that text. Backspace will delete the text to
the left of the cursor.
• Barcode- A bar code is a machine readable representation of information in a visual format on a
surface. The first Barcode system was developed by Norman Joseph Woodland and Bernard silver in
1952.
• Bandwidth- The maximum amount of data that can travel in a communication path in a given time,
measured in bits per second (bps).
• Basic Input Output System (BIOS) - Also known as ROM BIOS. It provides abstraction layer for the
hardware that is a consistent way for application programs and operating system to interact with
input/output devices.
• Binary Code- The language used by computers in which data and instructions are represented by a
series of 1s and 0s.
• Bitmap- A method of storing a graphic image as a set of bits in a computer memory. To display the
image on the screen, the computer converts the bits into pixels.
• BIOS- It stands for Basic Input Output System. This program is stored in ROM.
• Bluetooth- The protocol that permits up information between computers, cell phone and other
electronic devices within a radius of about 30 feet.
• Booting- Booting is bootstrapping process which starts the operating system when a computer is
switched on.
• Boot Loader- It reads the main portion of the operating system for secondary memory.
• Botnet- It is a collection of internet connected programs communicating with other similar programs
in order to perform tasks.
• Boot Sequence- A boot sequence is the set of operations the computer performs when it is switched
on which loads the operating system.
• Buffering- The process of sorting data in a memory device, allowing the devices to change the data
rates, perform error checking and error retransmission.
• Bug- A software bug is an error, flaw, failure, or fault in a computer program or system produces an
incorrect or unexpected result.
• Bus- Pathway along with electronic signals travel between the components of a computer system.
• Binary Numbering System- A numbering system in which all the numbers are represented by various
combinations of the digits that are 0 and 1.
• Cell- Cells are boxes created by the intersection of rows and columns.
• Chip- A tiny wafer of silicon containing miniature electric circuits that can store millions of bits of
information.
• Compiler- A compiler is a computer program that translates a series of instructions written in one
computer Language (called the source language) into another computer language (also called the
object of target language).
• Communication- The transmission of data from one computer to another or from one device to
another is called communication.
• Computer Graphics- Computer graphics are visual presentation on a computer screen. Example are
photographs, drawings, line arts, graphs, diagrams, typography numbers, symbols, geometric
designs, maps, engineering drawings, or other images.
• Cold Boot- When a computer restarts after the power cut is called Cold boot.
• Control Panel- It is the part of Windows menu, accessible from the start menu, which allows users to
review and manipulate basic system settings and controls. Such as adding hardware,
adding/removing software, controlling user accounts, changing accessibility options.
• Copyright- It means the material and information are the personal property of the owner or
producer.
• Counterfeiting- The process of making and distributing illegal copies of software packages.
• Chat- The method of communication in which people type text messages to each other thereby
holding up conversation over a network such as the internet.
• Clipboard- Are holding area in memory where information that has been copied or cut (, graphics,
sound, or video) can be stored until the information is inserted elsewhere.
• CMOS- A type of computer chip which is able to operate with a very small amount of electricity from
a battery. CMOS stands for Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor.
• Cookie- A packet of information that travels between a browser and web server.
• Cracker- A Cracker is a person who breaks into a computer system to steal the information as
programs for unauthorized use.
• Crawler- It is an internet but which systematically browses the World Wide Web, typically for the
purpose of web indexing (web spidering).
• Data- Information consisting of letters, numbers, symbols, sound, or images - in a form that can be
processed by a computer.
• Database- A database is a collection of information that is organized so that it can easily be accessed,
managed and updated.
• Data Abstraction- It is the reduction of a particular body of data to a simplified representation of the
whole.
• Data Processing- It refers to the process of collecting and manipulating raw data to yield Useful
information.
• Disk Operating System (DOS) - Hard disk operating system is a computer operating system that can
be used as a disk storage device, such as a floppy disk, hard disk drive, or optical disk.
• Download- A copy (data) from one computer system to another, typically over the internet.
• DBMS- It stands for Database Management System. It is a software package to manage database.
• DHTML- It stands for Dynamic Hypertext Markup Language. It is used to create dynamic content on
web pages.
• Dial up Networking- It is the method by which computer is connected to the internet using
telephone.
• Editing- The process of changing information by inserting, deleting, replacing, rearranging and
reformatting.
• EDO (Extended Data Output) - RAM is a type of Random Access Memory (RAM) chip that improves
the time to read from memory on faster microprocessors such as the Intel Platinum.
• E-Mail- Electronic mail, abbreviated e-mail is a method of composing, ending, storing and receiving
messages over electronic communication systems.
• Encapsulation- It is a mechanism that Associates the code and the data it manipulates into a single
unit and keep them safe from external interference.
• Encryption- In cryptography, encryption is the process of encoding messages (or information) in such
a way that hackers cannot read it, but the authorized users can access it.
• Entity- An entity is something that has certain attributes or properties which may be assigned values.
• Execution Time- The total time required to execute a program on a particular system.
• Fax- It stands for 'Facsimile Machine'. It is used to transmit a copy of a document electronically.
• Field- The attributes of an entity are written as fields in the table representation.
• File- A collection of information stored electronically and treated as a unit by a computer. The file
must have its own distinctive name.
• File Manager- The file manager is an Operating System utility that provides a user interface to work
with the file system.
• File Server- A computer on a network that stores the programs and data files shared by the users.
• Firmware- From where is the technology which has the combination of both hardware and software.
• Fax Modem- A device building to attach to a computer that serves as a facsimile machine and a
modem.
• Floppy Disk- A floppy disc is a data storage device that is composed of a circular piece of thin, taxable
(i.e., floppy) magnetic storage medium encased in a square or rectangular plastic walled.
• Flowcharts- Flowcharts are the means of visually representing the flow of data through and
information processing system, the operations performed within the system and the sequence in
which they are performed.
• Frequency- The number of oscillations of a signal per unit of time. It is usually expressed in cycles per
second (CPS or hertz Hz).
• Function Key- A special key on a computer keyboard or a terminal devices keyboard that is used to
perform specific functions. Keys F1 to F10.
• Gigahertz (GHz) - The measurement used to identify the speed of the central Processing Unit.
• Graphic Interchange Format (GIF) - A simple file format for pictures and photographs that are
composed so that they can be sent quickly.
• Graphical User Interface (GUI) - A graphical user interface is a method of interacting with a computer
through a metaphor of direct manipulating of graphical images and widgets in addition to text.
• Hard Disk- A rigid type of magnetic medium that can store large amounts of information.
• Host Computer- A computer that provides information or a service to other computers on the
internet.
• Hacker- A computer criminal that penetrates and tempers with computer programs or systems.
• High Level Programming Languages- A high level programming language is a programming language
with strong abstraction from the details of the computer.
• Instant Messaging- A chat program that lets people communicate over the internet in real time.
• Interface- The electrical connection that links to pieces of equipment so that they can communicate
with each other.
• Intranet- A private network established by an organisation for the Exclusive use of its employees.
• Icon- Or symbol (such as a picture or a folder) that represents a certain function on your computer.
• Import- In order to give instructions to a computer, the information has to be supplied to it.
• Interface- A device or program that helps the user to communicate with the computer.
• Interpreter- A program that converts and execute the source code into machine code line by line.
• Kernel- It is the fundamental part of a program, such as an Operating System, that resides in memory
at all times.
• Key Field- Unique field in a record used to distinguish one record from another.
• Label- One or more characters used to identify a statement and instruction or a data in a computer
program.
• Landscape- A printer feature generally controlled by software which rotates output image by 90
degree to print across the length rather than the width of the paper.
• Linux- Type of open source software. When combined with other components, Linux serves as an
increasingly popular operating system that competes with Microsoft Windows.
• Loop- A sequence of instructions that is executed repeatedly until a terminal condition occurs.
• Megahertz (MHz) - A measurement used to identify the speed of the central Processing Unit.
• Microprocessor- A complete central Processing Unit (CPU) contained on a single Silicon chip.
• MIDI- Stands for music instrument digital interface. It allows a computer to store and replay a musical
instrument's output.
• Minimize- A term used in a GUI operating system that uses Windows. It refers to reducing a window
to an icon or a label at the bottom of the screen, allowing another window to be viewed.
• MIPS- An acronym derived from millions of instruction per second (MIPS). It is used to measure the
speed of a processor.
• Morphing- The transformation of one image into another image.
• Modem- It is a device to connect different computer systems to the internet using telephone or cable
lines.
• MS-DOS- An early operating system developed by Microsoft Corporation (Microsoft disc operating
system).
• Multitasking- Multitasking can be used to simultaneously work with several programs or integrated
task that share memories, codes buffers and files.
• Multithreading- It is a facility available in an operating system that allows multiple functions from
the same application packages.
• Multi User- The term describing the capability of a computer system to be operated at more than
one terminal at the same time.
• Multiplexer- It is a device that combines multiple input signals into an aggregate signal for
transmission.
• Object- Refers to a particular instance of a class as the object can be a combination of variables,
functions and data structures.
• Online Processing- It is used when data are coming continuously without delay.
• Operating System (OS) - Software that manages the internal functions and controls the operations
of a computer.
• Open Source Software (OSS) - Free Open Source Software (FOSS), also called just open source or free
software, is licensed to be free to use, modify and distribute.
• Optical Character Reader (OCR) - A device that can scan text from hard copy and enter it
automatically into a computer for storage or editing, also called an optical scanner.
• Password- A user's secret identification code required to access the stored material.
• Patch- A patch is a piece of software designed to update a computer program or its supporting data,
to fix or improve it.
• Piracy- Unauthorized copying of some purchased software.
• Pixel- The pixel is the basic unit of Programmable colour on a computer display or in a computer
image.
• Port- It is the female part of a connection. Computer ports have many uses, to connect a monitor,
webcam, speakers, or other peripheral devices.
• Portrait- It is a mode in which the printer orients content for reading across the shorter length (the
weight) of the sheet of paper.
• Plug And Play- The ability to plug in a peripheral and have it work without difficulty.
• Primary Key- A primary key is a field in a table which is unique and enables you to identify every
record in the table.
• Program- An established sequence of instructions that tells a computer what to do. The term
program means the same as software.
• Pseudo Code- Pseudo code is an artificial and informal language that helps programmers develop
algorithm.
• Push Technology- A process that allows a user to obtain automatic delivery of specified information
from the internet to the user's computer. For example, stock market quotes, weather forecasts, and
sports scores.
• Queue- A queue is an example of a linear data structure, or more abstractly are sequential collection.
• Record- A record (also called compound data) is a basic Data Structure. A record is a collection of
fields, possibly of different data types, typically in fixed number and sequence.
• Retrieve- To call up information from memory or storage, so that it can be processed in some way.
• Rich Text Format (RTF) - RTF is a file format that lets you exchange text file between different word
processors in different operating systems.
• Routing- Routing is the process of selecting a path for traffic in a network, or between or across
multiple networks.
• Scanner- Scanner is a device that captures images from photographic print, posters, magazine pages,
and similar sources for computer editing and display.
• Scroll- To move information horizontally or vertically on a display screen so that one can see parts of
a document that is too wide or too deep to fit entirely on one screen.
• Search Engine- A free program that helps web users locate data by means of a keyboard or concept.
• Server- A computer that delivers data to other computers (clients) linked on the same network.
• Shareware- Software that usually me be downloaded and used initially without charge.
• Swapping- A process can be swapped temporarily out of memory to a backing Store, and then
brought back into memory for continued execution.
• System Software- It performs the basic functions that are necessary to operate a computer system.
• Tag- It is a part of HTML. It is the way, the browser displays text in a web page.
• Telnet- A protocol that allows a computer to connect with a host computer on the internet.
• Template- Refers to a sample document that has already some details in place.
• Terminal- Any device that can transmit and receive electronic information.
• Time Sharing Or Multitasking - Time sharing is a technique which enables many people, located at
various terminals, to use a particular computer system at the same time.
• Topology- Topology is the arrangement of various elements (links, nodes, etc.) of a computer
network.
• Touchpad- The device on a laptop computer that takes the place of a mouse.
• Universal Serial Bus (USB) - A common standard for connecting multiple peripherals to a computer
as needed.
• Upload- Uploading is the transmission of a file from one computer system to another, usually larger
operating system.
• Utility- A utility is a small program that provides an addition to the capabilities provided by the
operating system.
• Webcam- A video camera that sends live images over the internet to a website.
• Zip- ZIP is an Archive file format that supports lossless data compression. A ZIP file may contain one
or more files or directories that may have been compressed.
• Zoom- Zoom is another name for maximize, to enlarge the data size or image size.
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