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Com 422

The document covers various aspects of computer graphics, including low-pass filter algorithms for image smoothing, pixel functionality, abstract and physical visualization concepts, and the effects of resolution on image properties. It also discusses live image production in LED and CRT displays, 2D and 3D transformations, and provides examples of creating shapes using SVG and AutoCAD. Additionally, it explains graphics rendering processes and includes programming examples in Java and C for drawing shapes.

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15 views9 pages

Com 422

The document covers various aspects of computer graphics, including low-pass filter algorithms for image smoothing, pixel functionality, abstract and physical visualization concepts, and the effects of resolution on image properties. It also discusses live image production in LED and CRT displays, 2D and 3D transformations, and provides examples of creating shapes using SVG and AutoCAD. Additionally, it explains graphics rendering processes and includes programming examples in Java and C for drawing shapes.

Uploaded by

ayonitemi0528
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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NAME:

MATRIC NO:
COURSE CODE: COM 422
COURSE TITLE: APPLIED COMPUTER GRAPHICS & ANIMATION
PRACTICAL ASSIGNMENT
ASSIGNMENT 1: What is low-pass filter algorithm and how they applied to solve problem in
computer graphics.
Definition
A low pass filter (LPF) is an algorithm that allows low-frequency signals to pass through while
attenuating (reducing) the amplitude of higher-frequency signals. In computer graphics, LPFs are
used to smooth images by reducing noise and detail.
Application in Computer Graphics
Image Smoothing: LPFs help reduce noise in images, making them appear smoother. This is
particularly useful in pre-processing images for analysis or rendering.
Anti-Aliasing: LPFs can be used to minimize aliasing effects when rendering graphics, leading to
smoother edges and transitions.
Texture Filtering: When textures are applied to 3D models, LPFs can help in filtering textures to
prevent high-frequency noise from appearing on surfaces.

ASSIGNMENT 2: Explain how the pixel work


Definition
A pixel (picture element) is the smallest unit of a digital image or display. Pixels are the building
blocks of images in computer graphics.
Functionality
Color Representation: Each pixel typically represents a color using a combination of red, green,
and blue (RGB) values. For example, a pixel may be represented as (255, 0, 0) for pure red.
Display: Pixels are arranged in a grid on screens, and their individual colors are combined to
create the overall image.
Resolution: The number of pixels in an image determines its resolution. Higher resolutions mean
more pixels, resulting in clearer and more detailed images.

ASSIGNMENT 3: Explain the concept of abstract and physicalization of visualization.


Abstract Visualization
Definition: Abstract visualization refers to representing data in a non-literal way, focusing on
patterns, trends, and relationships rather than specific physical representations.
Example: Data charts, graphs, and heat maps that represent complex datasets without depicting
the actual objects.
Physicalization
Definition: Physicalization is the process of creating tangible representations of data, allowing
users to interact with data in a physical form.
Example: 3D printed models of data sets or interactive installations that allow users to
manipulate physical objects to understand data.

ASSIGNMENT 4: How does resolution affect the effects on the properties of a graphics
image?

Definition
Resolution refers to the amount of detail an image holds, typically measured in pixels (width x
height).
Effects
Detail and Clarity: Higher resolution images contain more pixels, resulting in finer detail and
clearer visuals. Low-resolution images may appear pixelated or blurry.
File Size: Higher resolution images generally have larger file sizes, which can affect loading
times and storage requirements.
Display Quality: The resolution of a display device (e.g., monitors, TVs) affects how well
images are rendered. Higher resolution displays can show more detail and provide a better
viewing experience.

ASSIGNMENT 5: With help of a diagram describe how live images are produced on the
both LED and CRT display unit.

Live Image Production on LED and CRT DisplaysClick to open artifact

Explanation
CRT Display: Utilizes an electron gun to shoot electrons at a phosphor-coated screen, creating
images through luminescence.
LED Display: Composed of an array of light-emitting diodes (LEDs) that emit light directly to
form images.

ASSIGNMENT 6: What is 2D and 3D Transformation?


2D Transformation
Definition: Refers to operations that alter the position, size, or orientation of 2D objects in a
coordinate system.
Types:
Translation: Moving an object from one location to another.
Scaling: Changing the size of an object.
Rotation: Rotating an object around a point.
3D Transformation
Definition: Involves changing the position, size, or orientation of 3D objects in a three-
dimensional space.
Types:
Translation: Moving an object along the x, y, and z axes.
Scaling: Adjusting the size of an object in three dimensions.
Rotation: Rotating an object around an axis (x, y, or z).

ASSIGNMENT 7. Use SVG to produce the following

Animated Image, Rectangle, Line, Circle, Polygon, 2D and 3D Shapes


Here’s an SVG example that includes various shapes and animation:
SVG Shapes with AnimationClick to open artifact
OUTPUT:
ASSIGNMENT 8: Use AutoCAD to produce the following: Line, Rectangle, Line, Circle,
Polygon, 2D and 3D shapes, masking, Clipping, raster and digital images.
While I cannot directly produce AutoCAD drawings, I can guide you on how to create the
following shapes using AutoCAD:
Line: Use the LINE command to draw straight lines.
Rectangle: Use the RECTANGLE command to create rectangles.
Circle: Use the CIRCLE command to draw circles.
Polygon: Use the POLYGON command to create polygons.
2D Shapes: Combine lines, arcs, and circles as needed.
3D Shapes: Use the EXTRUDE command for 3D shapes from 2D profiles.
Masking: Use the HATCH command to fill areas.
Clipping: Use the CLIP command to create clipped views.
Raster and Digital Images: Use the IMAGE command to insert raster images into your drawing.

ASSIGNMENT 9: Explain with an example graphics rendering.

Definition
Graphics rendering is the process of generating an image from a model by means of computer
programs. It involves converting 3D models into 2D images.
Example
Consider a simple 3D scene with a cube. The rendering process involves:
Modeling: Creating a 3D model of the cube.
Texturing: Applying textures to the cube's surfaces.
Lighting: Setting up light sources to illuminate the scene.
Camera Setup: Defining the viewpoint from which the scene will be rendered.
Rendering: Using a rendering engine (like OpenGL, DirectX) to produce the final 2D image of
the cube.

ASSIGNMENT 10. Use the Java and C language to produce line and rectangle.

Java Example
java
Copy
import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;

public class DrawShapes extends JPanel {


@Override
protected void paintComponent(Graphics g) {
super.paintComponent(g);
// Draw Line
g.drawLine(50, 50, 200, 50);
// Draw Rectangle
g.drawRect(50, 70, 150, 100);
}

public static void main(String[] args) {


JFrame frame = new JFrame();
DrawShapes panel = new DrawShapes();
frame.add(panel);
frame.setSize(300, 300);
frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
frame.setVisible(true);
}
}
C Example
c
Copy
#include <graphics.h>
#include <conio.h>

int main() {
int gd = DETECT, gm;
initgraph(&gd, &gm, "");
// Draw Line
line(50, 50, 200, 50);
// Draw Rectangle
rectangle(50, 70, 200, 170);

getch();
closegraph();
return 0;
}
This comprehensive overview provides insights into various aspects of computer graphics,
including algorithms, pixel functionality, visualization concepts, resolution effects, display
technologies, transformations, SVG graphics, AutoCAD tasks, graphics rendering, and
programming examples.

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