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Metode Analisis Sequential Injection Analysis (SIA)

Sequential Injection Analysis (SIA) was developed in 1990 as the second generation of Flow Injection Analysis (FIA) techniques. SIA overcomes many of the drawbacks of traditional FIA, such as complicated multi-channel manifolds and high reagent consumption. In SIA, discrete zones of sample and reagent are aspirated sequentially into a holding coil and propelled via a multi-position valve to a reaction coil, forming reaction products in the overlapped zones. This single-channel design minimizes reagent use and waste generation compared to traditional FIA. SIA has found applications in fields such as pharmaceutical analysis, food testing, environmental monitoring and bioanalysis.

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205 views2 pages

Metode Analisis Sequential Injection Analysis (SIA)

Sequential Injection Analysis (SIA) was developed in 1990 as the second generation of Flow Injection Analysis (FIA) techniques. SIA overcomes many of the drawbacks of traditional FIA, such as complicated multi-channel manifolds and high reagent consumption. In SIA, discrete zones of sample and reagent are aspirated sequentially into a holding coil and propelled via a multi-position valve to a reaction coil, forming reaction products in the overlapped zones. This single-channel design minimizes reagent use and waste generation compared to traditional FIA. SIA has found applications in fields such as pharmaceutical analysis, food testing, environmental monitoring and bioanalysis.

Uploaded by

Ru Z Ki
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Sequential Injection Analysis: The second generation of Flow injection techniques

The concept of Sequential Injection Analysis (SI) was born in 1990 by J. Ruzicka and G.D. Marshall. At that time, Flow Injection Analysis was becoming a widely accepted and rapidly evolving technique in most academic analytical chemistry laboratories. Despite of the significant advantages of Flow Injection Analysis compared to batch assays i.e. automation in sample preparation, increased sampling rate, easy handling, low instrumentation cost etc. adaptation of FI to industrial environment for process analytical purposes was hindered by the following drawbacks: 1. In certain cases the flow manifolds are complicated, involving multi-channeled setups that have to be re-configured in order to apply different chemistries. 2. Peristaltic pumps do not provide stable flow on 24-h basis operation and therefore require frequent maintenance increasing this way the cost of the analysis. 3. The continuous flow of reagents even at low flow rates, produces considerable amounts of waste material in the case of 24-h process control applications. These disadvantages were more or less overcome by the introduction of Sequential Injection Analysis, which is considered as the 2 nd generation of FI based techniques. Its principles of operation can be better understood when compared to traditional FI. In a typical twochanneled FI manifold where the determination of an analyte is based on a single-stage reaction, the sample is introduced in the loop of an injection valve (using a syringe, autosampler or even at continuous flow) and a well-defined volume is injected in a continuous flowing carrier stream. The carrier / sample merge downstream with the reagent at a suitable confluence point. The reaction product is formed upon passage through a reaction coil that provides the necessary reaction time and is subsequently detected on-line by passing through the cell of suitable flow-through detector. Adaptation of the above mentioned scheme in Sequential Injection mode is based on different philosophy. The heart of the SI system is a multi-position valve. A well-defined volume of the sample is aspirated through a port of the valve in a suitable coil (Holding coil) that is positioned between the valve and the propulsion system. A fixed volume of the reagent is sequentially aspirated in the holding coil forming a zone that is in contact with the previously aspirated sample. Upon selection of the detector port, the stacked zones are propelled through a reaction coil and the product is formed on the overlapped regions of the sample and reagent zones. As can be seen in the following Figure (see A. Economou Trends Anal. Chem. 24 (2005) 416), the entire operation is carried out in a practically single-channeled configuration. The propulsion system typically consists of a syringe pump (with volume of 1.0 10 mL) that can provide unattended operation on 24-h basis. However, peristaltic pumps have also proven equally useful and effective in SI for research purposes.

The advantages of SI over traditional FI can be summarized as follows: 1. The reagent consumption is minimized due to the discontinuous operation mode. 2. Less waste is generated compared to FI and in certain cases SI fulfills some principles of Green Analytical Chemistry. 3. There is no need for reconfiguration of the manifold in order to apply different chemistries, as all the required steps are carried out through the multi-position valve. 4. Syringe pumps offer increased robustness with precise operation and little maintenance for process applications. Some disadvantages could be: 1. A usually reduced sampling rate compared to analogous FI assays. 2. The difficulty of adaptation of certain FI sub-techniques such as solvent extraction. 3. The necessity of a suitable software to run the SI system. Applications of SI include: 1. Pharmaceutical analysis and quality control. 2. Food analysis. 3. Environmental monitoring. 4. Bioanalytical applications. More details on the principles and applications of Sequential Injection Analysis including the very interesting approaches of SI Lab-on-valve and SI bead injection can be found to the following list of references.

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