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Python Libraries Explained

The document provides an overview of Python libraries NumPy, SciPy, Pandas, and Matplotlib, highlighting their functionalities and applications in numerical computations, scientific computing, data manipulation, and visualization. It includes code examples for creating arrays, calculating statistics, optimizing functions, handling data frames, and generating plots. Key features and differences between data structures in Pandas are also discussed, along with methods for dealing with missing values.

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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
2 views10 pages

Python Libraries Explained

The document provides an overview of Python libraries NumPy, SciPy, Pandas, and Matplotlib, highlighting their functionalities and applications in numerical computations, scientific computing, data manipulation, and visualization. It includes code examples for creating arrays, calculating statistics, optimizing functions, handling data frames, and generating plots. Key features and differences between data structures in Pandas are also discussed, along with methods for dealing with missing values.

Uploaded by

malisenrichard80
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Explanation of Python Code (NumPy Example)

Explanation

# NumPy

## 1.What is NumPy ,and why is it essential for numerical computations in python?

* NumPy is a powerful Python library used for numerical computing, it provides a powerful n-dimensional array

object (ndarray) that is more efficient than native python lists for numerical tasks.

##### Why its essential:

* Faster operations using vectorization.

* A wide range of mathematical function.

* Supports broadcasting , slicing and reshaping.

* Basis for many other libraries

Explanation

## 2.Create a 3x3 NumPy array filled with random integers between 1 and 10.Calculate the sum, mean,and standard

deviationof the array.

Code and Function Meanings

import numpy as np

# Create a 3x3 array with random integers feom 1 to 10

matrix = np.random.randint(1, 11, size=(3, 3))

print("Original 3x3 Matrix")

print(matrix)

# Calculate statistics

total = np.sum(matrix)

average = np.mean(matrix)
Explanation of Python Code (NumPy Example)

std_dev = np.std(matrix)

print("Sum:", total)

print("Mean:", average)

print("Standard Deviation:", std_dev)

Function Meanings:

- np.random: Generates random numbers.

- np.sum: Returns the sum of array elements.

- np.mean: Computes the average of array elements.

- np.std: Calculates standard deviation.

Explanation

## 3.Reshape the array into a 1x9 vector and display it.

Code and Function Meanings

import numpy as np

#Create a 3x3 matrix filled with random integers between 1 and 10

original_matrix = np.random.randint(1, 11, size=(3, 3))

#Display the original matrix

print("Original _Matrix (3x3):")

print(original_matrix)

#Reshape the matrix into a 1-row, 9-column matrix(1x9)

reshaped_matrix = original_matrix.reshape(1, 9)

#Display the reshaped matrix


Explanation of Python Code (NumPy Example)

print("Reshaped Matrix.reshape(1x9):")

print(reshaped_matrix)

Function Meanings:

- np.random: Generates random numbers.

Explanation

# Scipy

## 1.Discuss the main modules and their applications in scientific computing.

### i.scipy.integrate

* Used to calculate areas under curves and solve differential equations-helpful in physics and engineering for

modeling motion and population growth

### ii.scipy.optimize

* Solves optimization problems like finding minimum or maximum values-commonly used in machine

learning,economics and engineering design to improve performance or reduce cost.

### iii.scipy.linalg

* Handles advanced linear algebra tasks such as solving systems of equations-useful in simulations, data analysis,

and engineering computatios like circuit design.

### iv.scipy.stats

* Performs stastistical analysis, including probability distributions and tests-used in data science and research to

draw conclusions from data.

Explanation

# 2.Use scipy.optimize to find the minimum value of the function f(x)=x2+5x+6


Explanation of Python Code (NumPy Example)

Code and Function Meanings

from scipy.optimize import minimize

# Define the function to minimize

def func(x):

return x**2 + 5*x + 6

# Use minimize starting from x = 0

result = minimize(func, x0=[0])

print("Minimum value occurs at x =", result.x[0])

print("Minimum value of the function is:", result.fun)

Explanation

# 3.Plot the function using Matplolib to visualize the result

Code and Function Meanings

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

# Create x values and compute y values

x_values = np.linspace(-10, 2, 100)

y_values = func(x_values)

# Plot the function

plt.plot(x_values, y_values, label='f(x)=x**2 + 5*x + 6', color='green')

plt.scatter(result.x, func(result.x), color='red', label='Minimum Point')

plt.title("Function Plot with Minimum")

plt.xlabel("x")

plt.ylabel("f(x)")
Explanation of Python Code (NumPy Example)

plt.legend()

plt.grid(True)

plt.show

Function Meanings:

- np.linspace: Creates evenly spaced numbers over a range.

Explanation

# Pandas

## 1.What are the two primary data structures in Pandas , and how do they differ?

* Series: 1D labeled array.

* DataFrame: 2D labeled data structure,like a table.

### Difference:

* Series is for single-column data, while DataFrame holds multiple columns and rows.

Explanation

# 2.Load a sample CSV file (or create a DataFrame manually) containing columns: Name, Age, Salary.

Code and Function Meanings

import pandas as pd

#Sample data

data = {

'Name': ['Alice', 'Bob', 'Charlie', 'Daisy'],

'Age': [28, 35, 28, 40],

'Salary': [55000, 48000, 60000, 75000]

}
Explanation of Python Code (NumPy Example)

df = pd.DataFrame(data)

print("DataFrame")

print(df)

Explanation

# 3.Filter rows where Salary > 50000

Code and Function Meanings

import pandas as pd

# Create a sample data as a dictionary

data = {

'Name': ['Alice', 'Bob', 'Charlie', 'Daisy'],

'Age': [28, 35, 28, 40],

'Salary': [55000, 48000, 60000,75000]

#Convert the dictionary into a Pandas DataFrame

df = pd.DataFrame(data)

#Display the full DataFrame

print("Full Employee Data:")

print(df)

#Filter rows where salary is greater than 50,000

high_salary_df = df[df['Salary'] > 50000]

#Display the filtered DataFrame

print("\nEmployees with Salary > 50000:")

print(high_salary_df)
Explanation of Python Code (NumPy Example)

Explanation

# 4.Group the data by Age and calculate the average salary for each age group.

Code and Function Meanings

import pandas as pd

#Create the sample employee data

data = {

'Name': ['Alice', 'Bob', 'Charlie', 'Daisy'],

'Age': [28, 35, 28, 40],

'Salary': [55000, 48000, 60000,75000]

#cCreate a DataFrame

df = pd.DataFrame(data)

#Display Full DataFrame

print("Full Employee Data:")

print(df)

# Group by 'Age' and calculate the average salary

average_salary_by_age = df.groupby('Age')['Salary'].mean()

# Display the result

print("\nAverage_Salary by Age Group:")

print(average_salary_by_age)

Explanation

# 5.Provide an example of how to handle missing values in a DataFrame using dropna() and fillna()
Explanation of Python Code (NumPy Example)

Code and Function Meanings

import pandas as pd

import numpy as np

data = {

'Name': ['David', 'Joel', 'Tamah', 'Zenekai'],

'Age': [25, 30, np.nan, 35],

'Salary': [60000, np.nan, 52000, 70000]

df =pd.DataFrame(data)

print("Original:\n", df)

#Drop rows with any missing values

print("\nAfter dropna():\n", df.dropna())

# Fill missing Age and Salary with their column averages

df_filled = df.copy()

df_filled['Age'] = df_filled['Age'].fillna(df_filled['Age'].mean())

df_filled['Salary'] = df_filled['Salary'].fillna(df_filled['Salary'].mean())

print("\nAfter fillna():\n", df_filled)

Explanation

# Matplotlib

## 1.What are the key features of Matplotlib that make it popular choice for creating plots?

* Flexible and powerful plotting library

* Works well with NumPy and Pandas

* Supports line,bar,pie,scatter,histograms and subplots

* Fully customizable(colors, styles and labels)

* Produces publication-quality visuals


Explanation of Python Code (NumPy Example)

## 2.Generate a line plot showing the population growth of the city of a city over 10 years .Add labels for the

x-axis(Years), Y-axis(population), and a title(City Population Growth).Customize the plot with gridlines, a legend, and a

specific color/style for the line.

Code and Function Meanings

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

# Population Over 10 Years

years = list(range(2015, 2025))

population = [50000, 52000, 54000, 57000, 60000, 63000, 66000, 69000, 72000, 75000]

plt.plot(years, population,color='blue', linestyle='-', marker='o', label='Population')

plt.title("City Population Growth")

plt.xlabel("Years")

plt.ylabel("Population")

plt.grid(True)

plt.legend()

plt.show()

Explanation

# 2.Create a figure with two subplots: one displaying a bar chart of sales data and the other a pie chart showing market

share percentages.

Code and Function Meanings

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

# Sales and market share data

sales = [100, 150, 500]

products = ['Product A', 'Product B', 'Product C']


Explanation of Python Code (NumPy Example)

market_share = [40, 35, 25]

fig, axes = plt.subplots(1, 2, figsize=(10, 5))

#Bar Chart

axes[0].bar(products, sales, color='orange')

axes[0].set_title("Sales Data")

# Pie Chart

axes[1].pie(market_share, labels=products, autopct='%1.1f%%', colors=['skyblue', 'lightgreen', 'lightcoral'])

axes[1].set_title("Market Share")

plt.tight_layout()

plt.show()

Code and Function Meanings

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