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SQL Subquery Explanation

A SQL subquery is a nested query that runs first and provides results to the outer query for data filtering or calculations. Subqueries can return various types of results and can be used in multiple SQL clauses, making complex queries simpler and more manageable. They are useful for filtering data based on complex conditions and calculating intermediate results within a single SQL statement.

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5 views1 page

SQL Subquery Explanation

A SQL subquery is a nested query that runs first and provides results to the outer query for data filtering or calculations. Subqueries can return various types of results and can be used in multiple SQL clauses, making complex queries simpler and more manageable. They are useful for filtering data based on complex conditions and calculating intermediate results within a single SQL statement.

Uploaded by

moges tesfaye
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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SQL Subquery Explanation

Definition
A SQL subquery is a query that is embedded inside another SQL query. It acts like a nested
query that runs first, and its result is then used by the outer query to filter, compare, or
calculate data.

You can think of a subquery as a mini-query inside a bigger query. This helps to break down
complex questions into simpler steps, making SQL code more powerful and flexible.

Key Points About Subqueries


- A subquery is enclosed in parentheses ( ).
- It can return a single value, a list of values, or even a table.
- Subqueries can appear in SELECT, FROM, WHERE, or HAVING clauses.
- Subqueries can be independent (run on their own) or correlated (depend on values from
the outer query).

Why Use Subqueries?


- To filter data based on complex conditions.
- To calculate intermediate results for comparison.
- To avoid multiple query steps in application code by doing it all in SQL.
- To make queries easier to understand by breaking them into logical parts.

Example
Find customers who placed orders above the average order amount:

```sql
SELECT customer_id, order_amount
FROM orders
WHERE order_amount > (
SELECT AVG(order_amount)
FROM orders
);
```

Here, the subquery calculates the average order amount, and the outer query selects orders
greater than that average.

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