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BSM (Blind Spot Monitoring)

The document contains Arduino code for a dynamic blind spot alert system using an ultrasonic sensor, a buzzer, and a servo motor. It defines pin configurations, system parameters, and includes functions for scanning angles and measuring distances to detect objects within a specified threshold. When an object is detected closer than 5 cm, the buzzer is activated to alert the user.

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amrita.kundu83
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7 views3 pages

BSM (Blind Spot Monitoring)

The document contains Arduino code for a dynamic blind spot alert system using an ultrasonic sensor, a buzzer, and a servo motor. It defines pin configurations, system parameters, and includes functions for scanning angles and measuring distances to detect objects within a specified threshold. When an object is detected closer than 5 cm, the buzzer is activated to alert the user.

Uploaded by

amrita.kundu83
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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#include <Servo.

h> // Include the Servo library for motor control

// --- Pin Definitions ---


// Ultrasonic Sensor Pins
const int ULTRASONIC_TRIG_PIN = 8; // Trigger pin to send sound pulse
const int ULTRASONIC_ECHO_PIN = 9; // Echo pin to receive reflected sound

// Buzzer Pin
const int BUZZER_PIN = 2; // Pin connected to the buzzer

// Servo Motor Pin


const int SERVO_PIN = 3; // Pin connected to the servo motor signal (often PWM pin for servos)

// --- System Parameters ---


// Distance threshold for triggering the alert (in centimeters)
// NEW: Set to 25 cm for a closer detection zone.
const int THRESHOLD_DISTANCE_CM = 5; // Object closer than 25 cm triggers alert

// Servo sweep angles (degrees)


// Define the range of motion for the sensor.
// 0 degrees is typically one extreme, 180 the other. Adjust based on your setup.
const int SWEEP_START_ANGLE = 30; // Start scanning from this angle
const int SWEEP_END_ANGLE = 150; // End scanning at this angle

// Servo sweep speed control


// NEW: Lower value (5ms) for faster sweep, higher value = slower sweep.
// This is the delay between each degree step of the servo.
const int SWEEP_DELAY_MS = 5; // Delay in milliseconds between angle updates (FASTER)

// Servo step size


// How many degrees the servo moves in each step.
// 1 for smooth sweep, higher for faster but less granular steps.
const int SERVO_STEP_SIZE = 1; // Move 1 degree at a time

// --- Global Variables ---


Servo myServo; // Create a Servo object to control the motor

void setup() {
// Initialize Ultrasonic Sensor Pins
pinMode(ULTRASONIC_TRIG_PIN, OUTPUT);
pinMode(ULTRASONIC_ECHO_PIN, INPUT);

// Initialize Buzzer Pin


pinMode(BUZZER_PIN, OUTPUT);

// Attach the servo object to the servo motor pin


myServo.attach(SERVO_PIN);
myServo.write(SWEEP_START_ANGLE); // Set servo to initial position

// Initialize Serial communication for debugging (important for testing!)


Serial.begin(9600);
Serial.println("--- Dynamic Blind Spot Alert System ---");
Serial.println("System Initialized. Scanning for obstacles...");
}

void loop() {
// --- Scan from Start Angle to End Angle ---
for (int angle = SWEEP_START_ANGLE; angle <= SWEEP_END_ANGLE; angle += SERVO_STEP_SIZE)
{
myServo.write(angle); // Move servo to the current angle
delay(SWEEP_DELAY_MS); // Wait for the servo to reach position

// Measure distance at the current angle


float currentDistance = getDistanceCm();

// Print current status to Serial Monitor


Serial.print("Angle: ");
Serial.print(angle);
Serial.print(" degrees | Distance: ");
Serial.print(currentDistance);
Serial.println(" cm");

// Check if an object is detected within the threshold


if (currentDistance > 0 && currentDistance < THRESHOLD_DISTANCE_CM) {
digitalWrite(BUZZER_PIN, HIGH); // Activate buzzer
Serial.println("!!! ALERT: OBJECT DETECTED !!!");
// Optional: Add a short delay here to keep the buzzer on longer if needed
// delay(200); // Buzzer on for 200ms at this angle
} else {
digitalWrite(BUZZER_PIN, LOW); // Deactivate buzzer
}
}

// --- Scan from End Angle back to Start Angle ---


for (int angle = SWEEP_END_ANGLE; angle >= SWEEP_START_ANGLE; angle -= SERVO_STEP_SIZE) {
myServo.write(angle); // Move servo to the current angle
delay(SWEEP_DELAY_MS); // Wait for the servo to reach position

// Measure distance at the current angle


float currentDistance = getDistanceCm();

// Print current status to Serial Monitor


Serial.print("Angle: ");
Serial.print(angle);
Serial.print(" degrees | Distance: ");
Serial.print(currentDistance);
Serial.println(" cm");

// Check if an object is detected within the threshold


if (currentDistance > 0 && currentDistance < THRESHOLD_DISTANCE_CM) {
digitalWrite(BUZZER_PIN, HIGH); // Activate buzzer
Serial.println("!!! ALERT: OBJECT DETECTED !!!");
// Optional: Add a short delay here to keep the buzzer on longer if needed
// delay(200); // Buzzer on for 200ms at this angle
} else {
digitalWrite(BUZZER_PIN, LOW); // Deactivate buzzer
}
}
}

// --- Helper Function to get distance from Ultrasonic Sensor ---


float getDistanceCm() {
// Clears the ULTRASONIC_TRIG_PIN (ensures a clean pulse)
digitalWrite(ULTRASONIC_TRIG_PIN, LOW);
delayMicroseconds(2);

// Sets the ULTRASONIC_TRIG_PIN HIGH for 10 microseconds to send pulse


digitalWrite(ULTRASONIC_TRIG_PIN, HIGH);
delayMicroseconds(10);
digitalWrite(ULTRASONIC_TRIG_PIN, LOW);

// Reads the ULTRASONIC_ECHO_PIN, returns the duration of the sound wave travel time
long duration = pulseIn(ULTRASONIC_ECHO_PIN, HIGH);

// Calculates the distance in centimeters


// Speed of sound = 343 meters/second = 0.0343 cm/microsecond
// Distance = (duration * speed of sound) / 2 (because sound travels to object and back)
float distance = duration * 0.0343 / 2;

// Basic filter for unrealistic readings (e.g., sensor not detecting anything)
if (distance > 400 || distance <= 0) { // HC-SR04 max range is approx 400cm
return 999; // Return a large value if out of range or bad reading
}
return distance;
}

THIS INCLUDES SERVO CODE, JUST TRY THE THING WITHOUT SERVO ONCE.
1 ULTRASONIC SENSOR
1 ACTIVE BUZZER

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