Engineering Mathematics – IV ( BAS403 )

Module I: Partial Differential Equations

Origin of Partial Differential Equations, Linear and Non-Linear Partial Differential Equations
of first order, Lagrange’s Equations method to solve Linear Partial Differential Equations,
Charpit’s method to solve Non-Linear Partial Differential Equations, Solution of Linear
Partial Differential Equation of Higher order with constant coefficients, Equations reducible
to linear partial differential equations with constant coefficients.

Module II: Applications of Partial Differential Equations and Fourier Transform

Method of separation of variables, Solution of one dimensional heat equation, wave equation,
Two dimensional heat equation (only Laplace Equation)and their application, Complex
Fourier transform, Fourier sine transform, Fourier cosine transform, Inverse transform,
convolution theorem, Application of Fourier Transform to solve partial differential equation.

Module III: Statistical Techniques I

Overview of Measures of central tendency, Moments, Skewness, Kurtosis, Curve Fitting,

Method of least squares, Fitting of straight lines, Fitting of second degree parabola,
Exponential curves,Correlation and Rank correlation, Regression Analysis: Regression lines
of y on x and x on y.

Module IV: Statistical Techniques II

Overview of Probability Random variables (Discrete and Continuous Random variable)

Probability mass function and Probability density function, Expectation and variance,
Discrete and Continuous Probability distribution: Binomial, Poission and Normal
distributions.

Module V: Statistical Techniques III

Introduction of Sampling Theory, Hypothesis, Null hypothesis, Alternative hypothesis,

Testing a Hypothesis, Level of significance, Confidence limits, Test of significance of
difference of means, t-test, Z-test and Chi-square test, Statistical Quality Control (SQC) ,
Control Charts, Control Charts for variables ( X and R Charts), Control Charts for Variables
(p, np and C charts).

Text Book:
1. Dr. B.S. Grewal, “Higher Engineering Mathematics”, 44thEdition, Khanna Publishers,
New Dehli.
Reference Book:
1. Peter V. O’Neil, “Advance Engineering Mathematics”, SI Edition 8 th Edition,
Cengage Learning, 2017.
2. B. V. Ramana, Higher Engineering Mathematics, McGraw-Hill Publishing Company
Ltd., 2017.
3. S. S. Sastry, “Introductory methods of Numerical solutions”, 4th Edition , Prentice
Hall of India.
4. Erwin Kreyszig , “Advanced Engineering Mathematics”, John Wiley Publications,
1999.
5. R.K.Jain&S.R.K.Iyengar, “Numerical Methods” , New Age International ( P )
Limited
6. James F. Epperson Mathematical Reviews “An Introduction To Numerical Methods
And Analysis” Second Edition, Wiley;
 Unit – 1

Tutorial Sheet – 1 ( 2 Marks)

1. Classify the PDE p2+q2=1. Is it linear or non-linear?
2. Write the general form of a first-order linear PDE.
3. Give examples of linear, semi-linear, and quasi-linear PDEs.
4. Solve: xp + yq = z using Lagrange’s method.
5. Solve: p + q = z .
6. Solve the linear PDE: yz p + xz q = xy.

7. Solve using Charpit’s method:

(i) z2 (p2+q2) = 1
(ii) p2 + q2 = 1
(iii) z = px + qy + f(p,q).
8. Solve - (D−D′) z = ex+y
9. Solve - p + q = x + y

Tutorial sheet – 2 (7 Marks )

1. Solve: ( D2 + 4 D D′ + 3 D ′2) z = 0
2. Solve: ( D − D′ ) 2z = e x+y .
3. Solve the PDE: ( D2 − 4DD′ + 3D′2 ) z = x2 .
𝜕 2𝑧 𝜕2𝑧
4. Reduce and solve: x2 𝜕𝑥 2 + y2 𝜕𝑦 2 = 0
5. Solve xp + yq = z using Lagrange’s method.
6. Solve z2 ( p2 + q2 ) = 1 using Charpit’s method.
7. Solve ( D2 + 4DD′ + 3D′2 ) z = 0
𝜕 2𝑧 𝜕2𝑧 𝜕 2𝑧
8. Solve - - 2 𝜕𝑥𝜕𝑦 + = sin ( 2x + 3y )
𝜕𝑥 2 𝜕𝑦 2

9. Solve - r + s – 2t = √2𝑥 + 𝑦 .
10. Solve - (D² - 3DD' + 2D'² )z = e^( 2x-y ) + e^( x + y ) + cos ( x + 2y )
11. Solve - ( D³ - 4D²D' + 4DD'² )z = 6 sin ( 3x + 2y )
12. Solve - ( D² - 5DD' + 4D'² ) z = sin ( 4x + y )
13. Solve – ( D + 1 ) ( D + D’ – 1 ) = sin ( x + 2y )
14. Solve –∂²z/∂x² + 3∂²z/∂x∂y - 2∂²z/∂y² = 12xy
15. Solve –∂²z/∂x² + 2∂²z/∂x∂y + ∂²z/∂y² = x² + xy + y²

16. Solve –∂²z/∂x² + ∂²z/∂x∂y - 2∂²z/∂y² = (y - 1)e^x

17. Solve – (3D² - 2D'² + D - 1)z = 4e^(x+y) cos(x + y)
18. Solve – (D + D' - 1)(D + D' – 3)(D + D')z = e^(x+y) sin(2x + y)
19. Solve – (x²D² - 2xyDD' - 3y²D'² + xD - 3yD')z = x²y sin(log x²)
20. Solve – [D² + (a + b)DD' + abD'²]z = xy
 Unit – 2

Tutorial Sheet – 3 ( 2 Marks )

1. Define the method of separation of variables for solving PDEs.

2. State the 1D heat equation and its physical significance.
3. Give the general form of the 1D wave equation.
4. What is Laplace’s equation in two dimensions?
5. Define the Fourier transform and write its formula.
6. Find Fourier series for f(x) = x in [−π,π]
7. What is the Fourier sine transform?
8. Half-range cosine series for f(x) = exover [0,2].
9. Half-range cosine series for f(x) = 2−x over (1,2)
10. Half-range sine series for f(x) =x on (0,1)
Tutorial Sheet – 4 ( 7 – Marks )
𝜕𝑢 𝜕𝑢
1. Use the method of separation of variables to solve the equation 𝜕𝑥 = 2 𝜕𝑡 + u , given that u(x,0) =

6e-3x
2. Solve the method of separation of variables:
𝜕𝑢 𝜕𝑢
4 𝜕𝑡 + = 3u , u = 3e-x – e-5x , when t = 0
𝜕𝑥
𝜕2𝑢
3. Solve the following equation by the method of separation of variables: = e-tcos x ,
𝜕𝑥𝜕𝑡
𝜕𝑢
given that u = 0 when t = 0 and =0
𝜕𝑡

4. Explain the Solution of the One dimension Wave Equation.

5. A string is stretched and fastened to two points l apart. Motion is started by displacing the string in
𝜋𝑥
the form 𝑦 = 𝐴 𝑠𝑖𝑛 from which it is released at time t = 0. Show that the displacement of any
𝑙
𝑛𝜋 𝑛𝜋
point at a distance x from one end at time t is given by y ( x , t ) = sin cos .
𝑙 𝑙
𝜕𝑢 𝜕 2𝑢
6. Solve the heat equation - = c2 , with boundary conditions
𝜕𝑡 𝜕𝑥 2
u( 0,t ) = 0, u ( l , t) = 0 , and initial condition: u( x,0 ) = f(x)
𝜕 2𝑡 𝜕2𝑢
7. Solve the wave equation - = c2 𝜕𝑥 2 , with initial conditions
𝜕𝑥 2
𝜕𝑢
u( x,0 ) = f(x), ( 𝜕𝑡 ) t=0 = g(x)
8. A tightly stretched flexible string has its end fixed at x = 0 and x = l. At time t = 0, the string is
given a shape defined by F(x) = 𝜇 x ( l – x ) , 𝜇 is a constant and then released. Find the
displacement y (x , t ) of any point x of the string at any time t > 0.
9. A tightly stretch violin string of length l and fixed at both end it plucked at x = l / 3 and assume
initially the shape of a triangle of height a Find the displacement y at any distance x and anytime t
after the string is released from rest.
10. A tightly stretched string with fixed end points x = 0 and x = l is initially at rest in its equilibrium
position. If it set vibrating by giving to each of its point an initial velocity 𝜆x ( l – x ) , find the
displacement of the sting at any distance x from one end at any time t.
 11. A rod of length l with insulated sides is initially at a uniform temperature u 0. It's end are suddenly
cooled to 00C and are kept at that temperature. find the temperature function u( x,t ).
12. Find the temperature in a bar of length 2 whose end are kept at zero and lateral surface insulated if
𝜋𝑥 5𝜋𝑥
the initial temperature is sin 2 + 3sin 2 .
𝜕 2𝑢 𝜕2𝑢
13. Use separable of variable method to solve the equation + = 0
𝜕𝑥 2 𝜕𝑦 2
𝑛𝜋𝑥
Subject to the boundary conditions u( 0,y ) = u(l,y ) = u( x,0 ) = 0 and u( x,a ) = sin 𝑙
.
14. A rectangular plate with insulated surface is 8 cm wide and so long compared to its width that it
may be considered infinite in length without introducing an appreciable error. If the temperature
along once short edge y = 0 is given by
𝜋𝑥
u( x,0 ) = 100 sin , 0 < x < 8
8
While the two long edges x = 0 and x = 8 as well as the other short edge are kept at 00C.Show
that the steady state temperature at any point of the plate is given by
𝜋𝑦
U( x,y ) = 100e-nπ/8 sin .
8
Unit – 3

Tutorial Sheet – 5 ( 2 Marks )

1. Find the median of 6,8,9,10,11,12,13.
2. The line of regression of y on x and x on y are respectively y = x + 5 and 16x – 9y = 94. Find the correlation
coefficient.
3. Define the term "moment" about the mean.
4. Write the formula for the second central moment.
5. What is Pearson’s coefficient of skewness?
6. What type of curve is used to fit exponential data?
7. Write the form of a second-degree parabola used in curve fitting.
8. Define Karl Pearson’s coefficient of correlation.
9. What is Spearman's rank correlation? State the formula.
10. What are the limits of the correlation coefficient?
11. Write the Normal equation of parabolic equation?
12. The first three central moments of a distribution are 0,15, -31. Find the moments of coefficients of
skewness.
13. If the regression coefficient is 0.8 and 0.2 , What will be the value of coefficient of correlation.
14. The first two moments of a distribution about the value 2 of the variable 1, 16. Show that mean is
3, variance is 15.

Tutorial Sheet- 6 ( 7 Marks )

1. Use the method of list square to fit the curve y = a b x are the following data
x 2 3 4 5 7
y 144 172.8 207.4 248.8 298.5
2. If 4x – 5y + 33 = 0 and 20x – 9y = 107 are two lines of regression. Find the mean value of x and y,
the coefficient of correlation and the standard deviation of y if the variance of x is 9.
3. First four moment about 2 are 1, 2.5, 5.5 and 16 respectively. Find the first four Central moments,
moments about origin and coefficient of skewness.
4. From the data given, determine the line of regression.
x 2 4 6 8 10
y 5 7 9 8 11
5. Examine the least square fit of the f(x) = a + bx + cx2 the following data:
x 0 1 2 3 4
f(x) 1 4 10 17 30
6. Detemine the skewness and kurtosis for the following data:
Mark 10-20 20-30 30-40 40-50 50-60
No. of students 18 20 30 22 10

7. Compute skewness and kurtosis, if the first four moments of a frequency distribution about the value
4 of the variable are 1,4,10 and 45.
𝑐1
8. Use of the method of least squares to fit the curve y = c0 + for the following data:
√𝑥

x 0.2 0.3 0.5 1 2

y 16 14 11 6 3
9. The first four moments of a distribution about the value 4 of the variables are - 1.5, 17, - 30 and 80.
Find moments 𝜇1 , 𝜇2 , 𝜇3 , 𝜇4 about mean . Also find 𝛽1 and 𝛽2 .
10. Calculate the moment generating function of the discrete Binomial distribution given by p(x) = nCx
pxqn-x where ( q = 1- p ). Also find the first and second moment about the mean.
11. The following table given age (x) in years of cars and annual maintenance cost (y) in hundred
rupees.
X 1 3 5 7 9
y 15 18 21 23 22
Calculate the maintenance car for a 4- year- old car after finding the regression equation.
12. Find the exponential curve P𝑉 𝛾 = k for the data.
x 50 100 150 200
y 135 48 26 17
13. Find the multiple regression equation of X 1 on X2 and X3 fom the data Given below:
X1 3 5 6 8 12 10
X2 10 10 5 7 5 2
X3 20 25 15 16 15 2
14. Calculate the first four central moments about the mean of the following data:
x 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
y 1 8 28 56 70 56 28 8 1
15. Let the random variable X assume the value ‘r’ with the probability law p( X = r ) = q r-1p; r = 1,2,3……
Find the m.g.f. of X and hence it’s mean and variance.
Unit – 4
Tutorial Sheet – 7 (2 Marks)
1. A die is tossed twice, A success is getting 2 or 3 on a toss. Calculate mean.
2. Write statement of Baye’s theorem.
3. If P(A) = 1/5 and P(B) = 1/6. Find P(AB).
4. Four persons are the chosen at ramdom from the group containing 3 men, 2 women and 4 children.
Prove that the chance that exactly two of then will be children is 10/21.
5. If the probability density functions
𝑘𝑥 2 , 𝑖𝑓 0 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 3
F(x) = { } , find the value of ‘k’. Also, find the
0, 𝑒𝑙𝑠𝑒𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒
1 3
probability between x = 2 and x = 2 .

6. If the p.m.f. of a discrete random variable X is

X 1 2 3
f(x) 1 1 1
2 3 6
Determine E(X) and V(X) .
1
7. Find the mean of Binomil distribution B(4, ).
3

8. If the function f(x) is defined by f(x) = ce-x , 0<x<∞ . Calculate the value of c which changes f(x) to a
probability density function.
9. Identity the following statement is true or false “for the binomial distribution, mean is 6 and variance
is 9.
10. If P(A) = ¼ , P(B) = ½ , P( A∪ B)= 5/8, then find the value of P(A∩B).
1 2 10
11. For the Binomial Distribution ( + ) determine the mean.
3 3

Tutorial Sheet – 8 ( 7 Marks )

1. State Baye’s Theorem. The contents of urns I, II and III are as follows:1 white,2 black and 3 red
balls; 2 white, 1 black and 1 red balls; 4 white, 5 black and 3 red balls. One urn is chosen at random
and two balls drawn. They happen to be white and red. What is the probability that they come from
urn I ?
2. Show that Poisson Distribution is a particular limiting form of the Binomial Distribution when p or q is
very small, and n is large enough.
3. A sample of 100 dry battery cells tested to find the length of life produced the following results:̅ = 12
hours, σ = 3 hours. Assuming the data to be normally distributed, what percentage of battery cells
are expected to have life (i) more than 15 hours (ii) less than 6 hours (iii) between 10 and 14 hours.
4. In a sample of 1000 cases, the mean of a certain test is 14 and S.D is 2.5. Assuming the
distribution to be normal, find (i) How many students score between 12 and 15? (ii) How many
score above 18? (iii) How many score below 8?
5. Given f (0.8) = 0.2881, f(0.4) = 0.1554, f(1.6) = 0.4452, f(2.4) = 0.4918
6. Fit a binomial distribution for the following data and compare the theoretical frequencies with the
actual ones
x: 0 1 2 3 4 5
f: 2 14 20 34 22 8

7. The number of accidents in a year involving taxi drivers in a city follows a Poisson distribution with
mean equal to 3. Out of 1000 taxi drivers, find approximately the number of drivers such that
i. No accident in a year
ii. More than three accidents in a year.
( given, e-3 = 0.04979 )
8. In a normal distribution, 12% of the items are under 30 and 85% items are under 60. Find the mean
and standard deviation.
9. A bag A contains 8 white and 4 black balls. A second bag B contains 5 white and 6 black balls. One
ball is drawn at random from bag A and is placed in bag B. Now, a ball is drawn at random from bag
B. It is found that this ball is white. Find the probability that a black ball has been transferred from
bag A. If X variable follow the Poisson distribution such that
10. P(X = 2) = 9p(X = 4) + 90P(X = 6). Find mean, variance and distribution.
11. Fit a Poisson distribution to the following data which give the number of yeast cells per square for
400 squares
X 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
F 103 143 98 42 8 4 2 0 0 0 0
It is given that e-1.52 = 0.2674.
12. State the Bayes’ theorem. The probability that a civilian can hit a target is 2/5 and the probability that
an army officer can hit the same target is 3/5 . While the civilian canfire 8 shots in the time, the army
officer fires 10 shots. If they fire together, then what is the probability that army officer shoots the
target?
13. Define the Normal distribution. The daily wages of 1000 workers are distributed around a mean of
Rs. 140 and with a standard deviation of Rs. 10. Estimate the number of workers whose daily waged
will be (i) between Rs. 140 and Rs. 144, (ii) less than Rs. 126 (iii) more than Rs. 160.
14. The following table gives the no.of days in a 200 day period during which automobile accidents
occurred in a city.
No. of accidents 0 1 2 3 4
No. of days 122 60 15 2 1
Fit a Poisson distribution to the data and calculate the theoretical frequencies.
15. Prove that Poisson distribution is as a limiting case of binomial distribution.
16. Records taken of the number of male and female births in 800 families having four children are as
follows:
No. of male birth 0 1 2 3 4
 No. of female birth 4 3 2 1 0
No. of families 32 178 290 236 64
Test whether the data are consistent with the hypothesis that the binomial law holds and the chance
of male birth is equal to that of female birth , namely p=q=½
17. The income of a group of 10,000 persons was found to be normally distributed with mean 750 Rs.
per month and standard deviation of 50 Rs. Show that, of this group, about 95% had income
exceeding 668 Rs and only 5% had income exceeding 832 Rs. Also Determine the lowest income
among the richest 100.
18. In a test on 2000 electric bulbs, it was found that the life of a particular make, was normally
distributed with an average life of 2040 hours and S.D of 60 hours. Calculate the number of bulbs
likely to burn for (a) More than 2150 hours, (b) less than 1950 hours (c) more than 1920 hours
but less than 2160 hours.
19. A bag X contains 2 white and 3 red balls and a bag Y contains 4 white and 5 red balls. One ball is
drawn at random from one of the bags and is found to be red. Calculate the probability that it was
drawn from bag Y.
20. Data was collected over a period of 10 years, showing number of deaths from horse kicks in each of
the 200 army corps. The distribution of deaths was as follows:
No. of Deaths 0 1 2 3 4
Frequency 109 66 21 2 3
Fit the Poisson Distribution function corresponding to the data and calculate the theoretical frequency.

Unit – 5
Tutorials Sheet – 9 ( 2 Marks )

𝑆2
1. When is the test statistic F = 𝑆12 is used?
2

2. Explain the t-test for small samples.

3. When we use T- test.
4. A machine which produces mica insulating washers for use in electric device to turn out washers
having a thickness of 10 mm. A sample of 10 washers hasan average thickness 9.52 mm with a
standard deviation of 0.6 mm. Find out t
5. Write the control limits of C charts.
6. What is the difference between t- test and F- test?
7. Discuss the term Statistical Quality Control. Define in brief.
8. White down the definition of of null Hypothesis.
9. Explain the np - chart.
10. Define Control Charts.