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Control & Coordination Module 4

The document discusses the role of hormones in animals, highlighting the differences between exocrine and endocrine glands. It explains how hormones coordinate bodily functions and the relationship between the nervous and endocrine systems, collectively forming the neuroendocrine system. Additionally, it addresses the regulation of hormone release through feedback mechanisms and the treatment of diabetes with insulin injections.

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2 views17 pages

Control & Coordination Module 4

The document discusses the role of hormones in animals, highlighting the differences between exocrine and endocrine glands. It explains how hormones coordinate bodily functions and the relationship between the nervous and endocrine systems, collectively forming the neuroendocrine system. Additionally, it addresses the regulation of hormone release through feedback mechanisms and the treatment of diabetes with insulin injections.

Uploaded by

cr7vk18shourya
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Have you ever thought…….

Concentration of sodium
chloride in maintained at
Concentration of glucose in 0.9% irrespective of amount
our body remains within of salt intake.
precise limits irrespective of
the amount of sugar that
we take in. What initiates
changes at
puberty?
Chapter 7
Control & Coordination
7.3 HORMONES IN ANIMALS

Module 4
Ruchita Tiwari
Hormones:
How are such chemical,
or hormonal, means of
information
transmission
used in animals?
GLAND- organ which produces and releases substances
that perform a specific function in the body.

EXOCRINE GLAND ENDOCRINE GLAND

1.A gland which secretes its products 1.A gland which does not have a duct
into the blood stream with the help of and secretes its products directly into
ducts is called an exocrine glands. the blood stream is called an
endocrine gland.
2.Exocrine glands secrete saliva 2.Secretions of endocrine glands are
,sweat , oil etc called as hormones.
Examples-Salivary gland , Sweat gland Example-Pituitary gland , thyroid gland
, adrenal gland
Hormones:
• Hormones are chemical substances
which coordinate the activities of
living organisms and their growth.
• Hormones are secreted by endocrine
glands.
• The part of the body for which a
particular hormone is meant is
called the target site.
• The endocrine gland secrete the
hormones in the blood and it reaches
the target site.
• Then the target site
responds accordingly.
Relationship between Nervous & Endocrine Systems
Electrical impulses can instruct only
few tissues to prepare for an activity.
So, in animals, there is another way of
control & coordination called
Endocrine system.
It includes endocrine glands & their
secretions called hormones. They can
reach all cells and provide wide-
ranging changes.
Eg Adrenal glands secretes adrenaline.

These two systems collectively form the neuro endocrine systems to achieve
the complete coordination between the organs.
What do some animals,
for instance squirrels,
experience when they
are in a scary situation?
Dealing with scary situation
Adrenaline prepares body to cope with
emergency situations. E.g. a scary animal such as
squirrels prepare to fight or run away. It needs more
energy. Though fighting & running are different, both
have some common preparations.
Adrenaline is secreted into blood & carried to different
body parts. As a result, the following event occur:
• Heart beats faster to supply more oxygen to
muscles.
• Blood to the digestive system & skin is
reduced by contracting muscles around small
arteries in these organs. This diverts the blood to
skeletal muscles.
• Breathing rate increases due to the
contraction of diaphragm & rib muscles.
• These responses prepare the body to deal
with the situation ( fighting & running )
How is the timing and
amount of hormone
released regulated in our
body?
The timing and amount of hormone
released are regulated by feedback
mechanisms. (Too much, slows
down or Too little, speed up)
For example, if the sugar levels in
blood rise, they are detected by the
cells of the pancreas which respond by
producing more insulin. As the
blood sugar level falls, insulin secretion
is reduced.
feedback mechanisms
Hormones and their Functions
Hormones and their Functions
Hormones and their Functions
Hormones and their Functions
INTEXT QUESTION PAGE NO 125
How does chemical coordination take place in animals?

Chemical coordination in animals takes place through the hormones


secreted by the endocrine glands. Coordination in animals takes place
through endocrine system as well as nervous system which is called
neuroendocrine system. Endocrine glands secrete animal hormones directly
into the blood that reach to the specific cells. Special type of molecules are
present on the surface of cells to detect these hormones. These cells act
according to the information that a particular hormone carries.
INTEXT QUESTION PAGE NO 125
Why are some patients of diabetes treated by giving injections of insulin?

Insulin hormone regulates blood sugar levels. If this is not secreted in


proper amounts, the sugar level in the blood rises. This causes many
harmful effects.
To treat harmful effects of increased level of blood sugar, the diabetic
patients are treated by giving injections of insulin.

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