FASN/Biology /ASSIGNMENT 1 / Class X / 2024-25

TOPIC – CONTROL AND CO-ORDINATION IN ANIMALS

In what form is information transmitted through neuron?

1. What are receptors? Where are they located? Name the receptors present in mouthand nose.
2. Explain the general scheme of
i) how nervous impulses travel in the body.
ii) how nerve impulse travels at synapse or nerve ending
(NOTE : Refer ans from PPT 2)

3. How do organisms perceive stimuli?

4. How do we know that we have eaten enough?

5. How is information acquired by receptors transmitted by the body?

6. Is there any difference in how sugar and food taste if your nose is blocked?Why?
7. a) What constitutes the central nervous system?

b) How can you classify the various responses of the nervous system?

c) What facilities the communication between the CNS and the other parts of thebody

8. List the various areas of forebrain and write their respective functions.

9. Draw a well labeled diagram of a neuron.

Identify the part in

a) through which information travels as an electric impulse. - Axon

b) Where information is acquired – Dendritic tip

c) Where the impulse must be converted into a chemical signal foronward

transmission. – at the nerve endings (a chemical – neurotransmitter is
generated)
10. How do animal muscles move?
Ans: Muscular Movements and Nervous Control
 11. Can you now trace the sequence of events which occur when a bright light isfocused on
your eyes? Explain and Draw the reflex arc also .
12. What happens when we touch a hot plate? Explain with the help of alabeled
diagram.
13. a) What is reflex arc? Draw a diagram of reflex arc and label
i) sensoryneuron
ii) motor neuron.
b) Write the reflex arc pathway.
c) Why is reflex arc evolved in animals?
Ans: a) The pathway taken by nerve impulses in a reflex action is called reflex arc. It is a shortest
pathway for an impulse to travel from the receptor organ via central nervous system to the effector.

b) A reflex arc, then, is the pathway followed by nerves which (a.) carry sensory information from
the receptor to the spinal cord, and then (b.) carry the response generated by the spinal cord to
effector organs during a reflex action.

c) Reflex action is an automatic response to a stimulus that is not under the voluntary control of the
brain. Hence, it is described as an involuntary action.

Reflex arcs have evolved in animals because the thinking process of the brain is not fast enough. In fact
many animals have very little or none of the complex neuron network needed for thinking. So it is
quite likely that reflex arcs have evolved as efficient ways of functioning in the absence of true thought
processes.

14. Draw a well labeled diagram of human brain. Write the functions of eachpart.
 a. Which is the main thinking part of the brain?
Ans: Cerebrum
b. Name the three major parts of the brain.
Ans: The three major parts of the brain.
i) Fore brain- Cerebrum, Diencephalon, Olfactory lobe
ii) Midbrain
iii) Hindbrain: Cerebellum (little brain), Pons, Medulla oblongata

c. Which part of the brain is responsible for precision of voluntary action?

Ans: HIND BRAIN (Cerebellum)

d. What protects brain and the spinal cord?

Ans: The brain and the spinal cord is protected by 3 main layers:
The bony skull (cranium) brain/ vertebral column (back bone) : spinal cord,
The cerebro-spinal fluid
The meninges (Dura mater, Arachnoid and Pia mater).

e. What are the different ways by which the brain communicates with the
muscles?
Ans: The different ways by which the brain communicates with the muscles are:
Involuntary action: Medulla oblongata of hind brain controls involuntary
movements (activities of internal organs) respiration, heartbeat, vomiting, coughing,
salivation.
Voluntary action: Cerebrum and cerebellum controls all the voluntary movements
like walking, picking

15. Categorize the following as Voluntary, Involuntary or Reflex. Mention the partof the
brain responsible.

f. Mouth watering

g. Heart beat

h. Change in size of pupil

i. Breathing

j. Salivation

k. Picking up a pencil

l. Vomiting

Walking in straight line

16. Name the hormone and mention the gland responsible.

a) released when the sugar level in body rises.

b) Responsible for the changes associated with puberty

c) Hormone commonly known as ‘emergency hormone’

 18.a) ) Name the hormone which is injected to a diabetic patient.

(b) Why should we use iodized salt in our diet?

(c) If iodine is insufficient in one's diet, what might be the deficiency disease andits
symptoms?

19. Explain how the human body responds when adrenalin is secreted intoblood.
Ans: Adrenaline prepares body to cope with emergency situations. Eg a scary animal such as
squirrels prepare to fight or run away. It needs more energy. Though fighting & running are
different, both have some common preparations.
Adrenaline is secreted into blood & carried to different body parts. As a result, the following event
occur:
• Heart beats faster to supply more oxygen to muscles.
• Blood to the digestive system & skin is reduced by contracting muscles around small
arteries in these organs. This diverts the blood to skeletal muscles.
• Breathing rate increases due to the contraction of diaphragm & rib muscles.
• These responses prepare the body to deal with the situation ( fighting & running )

20. Why are some people very short and some people very tall?

Which mode of communication is advantageous and why

21. a) What are the characteristic features of endocrine gland?

Ans: A gland which does not have a duct and secretes its products directly into the blood stream is
called an endocrine gland. Secretions of endocrine glands are called as hormones. Example-
Pituitary gland, thyroid gland, adrenal gland

b) Mention the location, the hormones released by these glands, their respectivefunctions,
disorders caused along with the symptoms of the following endocrine glands: ( in
tabular form)

i) Hypothalamus

ii) Pituitary gland

iii) thyroid Gland

iv) Pancreas

v) Adrenal Gland

vi) Testis

vii) Ovary

c) Identify the dual endocrine glands among them and explain why they areknown
so.
Ans: The pancreas is called the dual gland as it act can produce pancreatic juice which have
enzymes for digestion and act as an exocrine gland and produce hormones and act as an
endocrine gland.
 22. Trace the sequence of events which occur when a bright light isfocused
on your eyes.
Ans:

The iris regulates the amount of light entering the eyes by controlling the diameter and size of the pupil

23. Define ‘nerve impulse ‘. Which structure in a neuron helps to conduct anerve
impulse?

24. What are hormones? Name the hormone that-

i. is produced by thyroid gland

ii. Prepares the body for action

iii. Controls the amount of sugar in blood

iv. Brings about changes in boys at puberty

v. Brings about changes in girls at puberty

b) Name the two main organs of our central nervous system. Which one of themplays a
major role in sending command to muscles to act without involving thinking process?

d) Name the phenomenon involved.

25. Draw a diagram of human brain and label on it the following of its parts:

(i) Cerebrum (ii) Meninges (iii) Medulla Oblongata (iv) Cerebellum

26. How are the following disorders caused? Also mention the symptoms.

a) diabetes b) goiter c) dwarfism d) gigantism

28. How is the timing and amount of hormone released regulated in our body?Explain
with suitable examples.

Ans: The timing and amount of hormone released are regulated by feedback mechanisms. (Too
much, slows down or Too little, speed up)
 29. Electrical impulses are an excellent means if fast responses to stimuli areto be made.
But there are limitations to the use of electrical impulses. Whatare the limitations?
Ans: There are limitations to the use of electrical impulses.
➢They reach only those cells that are connected by nervous tissue.
➢Once an electrical impulse is generated in
a cell and transmitted, the cell will take some time to reset its mechanisms to generate and transmit
a new impulse. So, cells cannot continually create & transmit electrical impulses.

NOTE – DO THE HIGHLIGHTED QUESTIONS IN YOUR NOTE BOOK.