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JavaScript_Interview_Questions_and_Answers

The document provides a comprehensive list of JavaScript interview questions and answers covering fundamental concepts such as data types, hoisting, first-class functions, and asynchronous programming. It also explains key features like the DOM, event handling, and array methods. This resource serves as a useful guide for preparing for JavaScript-related interviews.

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nalawadesiddhi969
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2 views4 pages

JavaScript_Interview_Questions_and_Answers

The document provides a comprehensive list of JavaScript interview questions and answers covering fundamental concepts such as data types, hoisting, first-class functions, and asynchronous programming. It also explains key features like the DOM, event handling, and array methods. This resource serves as a useful guide for preparing for JavaScript-related interviews.

Uploaded by

nalawadesiddhi969
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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JavaScript Interview Questions and Answers

Q: What is JavaScript?

A: JavaScript is a high-level, interpreted programming language used to create dynamic and

interactive effects within web browsers.

Q: Difference between var, let, and const.

A: var is function-scoped, let and const are block-scoped. var allows re-declaration, let allows

reassignment but no re-declaration, const allows neither.

Q: What are data types in JavaScript?

A: Primitive types: string, number, boolean, null, undefined, symbol, bigint. Non-primitive: object,

array, function.

Q: What is hoisting?

A: Hoisting is JavaScript's default behavior of moving declarations to the top of the current scope.

Q: Difference between == and ===.

A: `==` compares values with type coercion, `===` compares both value and type.

Q: What are first-class functions?

A: Functions in JavaScript are treated as first-class citizens, meaning they can be assigned to

variables, passed as arguments, and returned from other functions.

Q: What is a callback function?

A: A callback is a function passed into another function as an argument to be executed later.

Q: What is a closure?

A: A closure is a function that remembers its outer variables and can access them even when the

outer function has finished executing.

Q: Difference between function declaration and function expression?

A: Function declarations are hoisted, function expressions are not. Declarations define a named
function, expressions can be anonymous.

Q: What is lexical scope?

A: Lexical scope refers to the fact that in JavaScript, scope is determined by the position of functions

and blocks in the code.

Q: How do you clone an object?

A: Use Object.assign({}, obj), spread operator {...obj}, or structuredClone(obj) for deep cloning.

Q: Difference between shallow and deep copy?

A: Shallow copy copies only the top-level properties. Deep copy copies nested objects as well.

Q: How to merge two arrays?

A: Use concat() or spread operator like [...arr1, ...arr2].

Q: Ways to iterate over an array?

A: for loop, forEach(), map(), for...of, while loop.

Q: What is the event loop?

A: An event loop handles asynchronous callbacks in JavaScript, managing the call stack and

message queue.

Q: What is asynchronous programming?

A: A programming model where operations occur independently of the main program flow.

Q: Explain Promises.

A: A Promise represents a value which may be available now, later, or never. Used for handling

async operations.

Q: What is async/await?

A: Syntactic sugar over Promises, allowing asynchronous code to be written in a synchronous style.

Q: What are arrow functions?

A: Arrow functions are shorter syntax for writing functions and do not have their own `this`.
Q: What is the DOM?

A: DOM (Document Object Model) is a programming interface for HTML and XML documents. It

represents the structure of a web page.

Q: How to select elements in the DOM?

A: Use methods like getElementById, querySelector, querySelectorAll, getElementsByClassName,

etc.

Q: What is event bubbling and capturing?

A: Bubbling: event propagates from target to root. Capturing: event propagates from root to target.

Q: What are setTimeout() and setInterval()?

A: setTimeout executes a function once after a delay. setInterval repeats it at intervals.

Q: What is destructuring?

A: Destructuring allows extracting values from arrays or objects into distinct variables.

Q: What are template literals?

A: Template literals are strings allowing embedded expressions using backticks and `${}` syntax.

Q: What is the spread operator and rest parameter?

A: Spread expands elements (e.g., in arrays), rest gathers them into an array (e.g., function

arguments).

Q: Use of map(), filter(), and reduce()?

A: map transforms each array element, filter selects elements, reduce combines elements into a

single value.

Q: Difference between null and undefined?

A: null is intentional absence of value, undefined is a variable declared but not assigned.

Q: What is NaN?

A: NaN stands for 'Not-a-Number', a value representing an unrepresentable or undefined numerical

result.
Q: Use of typeof and instanceof?

A: `typeof` returns the type of a variable, `instanceof` checks if an object is an instance of a

constructor.

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