CHAPTER FIVE

5.0 Summary, Conclusion and Recommendations

5.1 Summary of Findings

This study investigated the design and implementation of an Automatic Water

Level Indicator with Purity Test using Arduino microcontroller technology. The

system was developed to solve the twin challenges of water wastage due to poor

monitoring and health hazards arising from consumption of impure water. The

solution integrates ultrasonic sensors for water level detection and turbidity or

TDS sensors for monitoring water purity in real-time.

The literature reviewed in Chapter Two provided a solid foundation for

understanding the limitations of conventional water monitoring systems, the

potential of sensor-based automation, and the critical need for integrating both

level and purity checks in water management systems. The study confirmed

from existing research (e.g., Iqbal et al., 2022; Jha & Rani, 2023) that Arduino-

based systems offer cost-effective and scalable solutions for real-time

monitoring, especially in resource-limited settings.

Chapter Three described the methodology in detail, including the system design,

component integration, and working principle. The Arduino Uno served as the

core processor, interfacing with an ultrasonic sensor to measure water levels and

a TDS sensor to assess water purity based on conductivity. The outputs were

displayed on an LCD and accompanied by buzzer alerts for user notifications.

conditions such as tank overflow or high turbidity levels, triggering appropriate

alerts.

The working flow of the system followed a straightforward logic: Sensor Inputs

→ Arduino Processing → Display Output/Alarm Trigger, ensuring intuitive

user interaction and efficient automated control.

Overall, the research successfully demonstrated the feasibility of a low-cost,

reliable, and efficient embedded system for water level and purity monitoring,

validating its usefulness in domestic, industrial, and agricultural contexts.

5.2 Conclusion

The study concludes that the implementation of an Arduino-based automatic

water level and purity monitoring system can significantly enhance the

efficiency, safety, and reliability of water management systems. Unlike

traditional methods that rely on manual labor or mechanical sensors, the

proposed system provides:

 Accurate and non-contact water level monitoring through ultrasonic

sensing,

 Real-time water purity assessment via TDS or turbidity sensors,

 Immediate alerts and notifications when critical thresholds are crossed,

and
  Cost-effective scalability for different environmental settings.

The integration of these features into a single automated solution addresses two

of the most pressing challenges in water management—conservation and

quality control. By preventing overflow and contamination, the system not only

reduces water and energy wastage but also protects consumers from potential

health risks.

This innovation supports broader sustainable development goals, particularly in

improving access to clean water (SDG 6), promoting health and well-being

(SDG 3), and fostering innovation and infrastructure (SDG 9).

5.3 Recommendations

Based on the results and observations made during this study, the following

recommendations are offered:

1. Deployment in Residential and Rural Areas: The system should be

adapted and deployed in households, particularly in water-scarce or rural

regions where water quality is a persistent issue and manual monitoring is

inefficient.

2. Incorporation of IoT Technology: Future versions should integrate

Internet of Things (IoT) capabilities for remote monitoring, data

logging, and cloud-based analytics, enabling users to receive updates on

mobile devices and manage water systems remotely.

scale farms that rely on consistent water supply can benefit from

customizing this system for larger tanks and adding more advanced

sensors for chemical or biological contaminants.

4. Energy Optimization: Although this system is energy-efficient, further

development should explore solar-powered solutions to ensure

autonomy in off-grid locations.

5. Policy and Public Health Integration: Stakeholders in government and

public health should promote the adoption of such systems in public

water distribution networks, schools, hospitals, and community centers as

a preventive health measure.

6. Expanded Sensor Suite: While this version uses ultrasonic and

TDS/turbidity sensors, future enhancements can include pH,

temperature, and microbial sensors for more comprehensive water

quality profiling.

7. Public Awareness and Training: Community-based training on how to

install, maintain, and calibrate these systems should be encouraged to

ensure long-term functionality and user ownership.

5.4 Contributions to Knowledge

 Demonstrated how low-cost microcontrollers like Arduino can be used

for simultaneous water level and purity monitoring.

 Showcased the integration of real-time feedback systems (LCD, buzzer)

into smart water management designs.

 Validated the reliability of TDS and ultrasonic sensors for practical water

management applications.

 Proposed a modular and scalable architecture adaptable to various use

cases, from household tanks to industrial reservoirs.

5.5 Suggestions for Further Research

To extend the current research and address limitations, the following future

research directions are suggested:

 Evaluate long-term sensor drift and durability under different

environmental conditions (e.g., hard water, high humidity).

 Integrate machine learning algorithms to predict usage trends and system

failures.

 Investigate the system’s effectiveness in detecting microbiological

contamination, which may require different sensing technologies.