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June 7

The document explains number systems in Python, detailing how decimal, binary, octal, and hexadecimal values are represented and converted using built-in functions like bin(), oct(), and hex(). It also discusses the concept of functions, their necessity in programming, and the difference between functions and methods, along with examples of user-defined functions. Additionally, it outlines the structure of functions, their parameters, return values, and various ways to define them.

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5 views4 pages

June 7

The document explains number systems in Python, detailing how decimal, binary, octal, and hexadecimal values are represented and converted using built-in functions like bin(), oct(), and hex(). It also discusses the concept of functions, their necessity in programming, and the difference between functions and methods, along with examples of user-defined functions. Additionally, it outlines the structure of functions, their parameters, return values, and various ways to define them.

Uploaded by

pp14221422
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as TXT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Number Systems in Python:

=> Any number is by default treated as a decimal value


Eg: 100, -125, 0

=> Any number which is preceded by "0b" is treated as a binary value


Eg: 0b10101100, 0b10010110

=> Any number which is preceded by "0o" is treated as an octal value


Eg: 0o725, 0o123, ...

=> Any number which is preceded by "0x" or "0X" is treated as a hexadecimal value
Eg: 0x12cd, 0X12CD...

Number System conversion functions in Python:


=> Any number is by default represented as a decimal value 18
=> To convert a value of any number system into its equalent binary value, bin()
function is used.
=> To convert a value of any number system into its equalent octal value, oct()
function is used.
=> To convert a value of any number system into its equalent hexa-decimal value,
hex() function is used.
Eg:
# Number Systems in Python

a = 100 # decimal
b = 0b100 # binary
c = 0o100 # octal
d = 0X100 # hexa-decimal
------------------------------------------------
# Number Systems in Python

a = 100 # decimal
b = 0b100 # binary
c = 0o100 # octal
d = 0X100 # hexa-decimal

print("value of a in Decimal number system : ",a)


print("value of b in Decimal number system : ",b)
print("value of c in Decimal number system : ",c)
print("value of d in Decimal number system : ",d)

print("value of a in binary number system : ",bin(a))


print("value of b in binary number system : ",bin(b))
print("value of c in binary number system : ",bin(c))
print("value of d in binary number system : ",bin(d))

print("value of a in octal number system : ",oct(a))


print("value of b in octal number system : ",oct(b))
print("value of c in octal number system : ",oct(c))
print("value of d in octal number system : ",oct(d))

print("value of a in Hexa Decimal number system : ",hex(a))


print("value of b in Hexa Decimal number system : ",hex(b))
print("value of c in Hexa Decimal number system : ",hex(c))
print("value of d in Hexa Decimal number system : ",hex(d))

===================================================================================
======
Object:
== Properties(data)
== Behavior(methods)
Eg:
Employee:Object
== Properties => emp_id,emp_name,salary....
== Behavior => read(), print(), update() ....
Eg:
Account:Object
== Properties => acc_id, acc_type, balance....
== Behavior => create(), withdraw(), showBalance() ....
-------------------------------------------
Functions vs Methods:
Functions:
== Not a member of any object
== Call be called directly
Eg: print(), int(), eval(), input() ....

Methods:
== Member of some object
== Can be called only through objects
Eg: str => lower(), upper(), title()....
list => append(), extend(), ....
------------------------------------------
Functions in Python :
=====================
=>A function is a self-contained block of statements designed to perform a specific
task. They are also called "sub-programs".

Need for Functions :


-> In many programs,we need to execute the same set of statements in several parts
of a program. Writing the statements again and again will have the following
limitations:

1) It increases the programming time.


2) The program consumes more memory space.
3) The chances of errors will increase.

-> To overcome the above limitations,we can use functions. Using functions, the
statements to be executed are written only once, but can be "called and executed"
wherever required.

-> Functions can be classified into two types:


Built-In functions and User-defined functions.

Steps for creating a user-defined function:


syntax:
======
def function-name(paramters,if any):
=======
=======
return

=> in order to execute the function, we need to call the function


syntax:
function-name(parameters, if any)

NOTE :
1) Parameters are the values that are passed as an input to a function. They are
also called "Arguments".
2) A function can accept any no. of parameters,but can return only one value at a
time.
3) If a function does not accept any parameters,we can keep the braces empty

Functions can be declared in 4 ways:


-> Functions with Parameters and with return value
-> Functions with parameters and without return value
-> Functions without parameters and with return value
-> Functions without parameters and without return value
----------------------------------------------------
What happens actually when a function is called(Invoked)?
-> Whenever a function is called, control transfers from calling function to called
function,executes the statements and after execution returns to the calling
function and completes the remaining statements of it.
----------------------------------------------------------------

# creating a function with parameters and with return value

def add(a,b):
c = a + b
return c

#add(100,200) #no output


#print("sum of 10,20 : ",add(10,20))
z = add(20,40) # function call
print("sum of 20,40 : ",z)
----------------------------------------------------------------
# creating a function with parameters and without return value

def add(a,b):
c = a + b
print("Additon : ",c)

add(10,20)
add(100,200)
add(12.5,22.5)
--------------------------------------
# creating a function without parameters and with return value

def add():
a = int(input("Enter first value : "))
b = int(input("Enter second value : "))
c = a + b
return c

z = add()
print("sum : ",z)
----------------------------------------
# creating a function without parameters and without return value

def add():
a = int(input("Enter first value : "))
b = int(input("Enter second value : "))
c = a + b
print("Sum : ",c)

add()
------------------------------------------
# creating a function without parameters and without return value

def display():
print("I am from Display Function")

display()
display()
------------------------------------------------

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