Comprehensive Programming Topics: C, C++, Java, Python
Core Topics in All Languages (C, C++, Java, Python)
1. Basics & Syntax
- Introduction / Setup
- Syntax Rules
- Comments
- Output / Printing
- Input from User
2. Variables & Data Types
- Variable Declaration & Initialization
- Data Types (int, float, char, string, boolean, etc.)
- Constants
- Type Casting
- Identifiers
3. Operators
- Arithmetic Operators
- Relational/Comparison Operators
- Logical Operators
- Assignment Operators
- Bitwise Operators
- Increment/Decrement Operators
- Ternary Operator
4. Control Flow
- if, else if, else
- switch-case
- Nested Conditions
- Shorthand if-else (Ternary)
5. Loops
- for loop
- while loop
- do-while loop (C/C++/Java)
- for-each loop (Java/Python)
- Nested loops
- break & continue
6. Functions / Methods
- Defining & Calling Functions
- Parameters & Return Values
- Function Overloading (C++/Java)
- Recursion
- Scope (Local vs Global)
- Lambda Functions (Python)
7. Arrays & Strings
- Single & Multidimensional Arrays
- String Declaration & Manipulation
- String Concatenation
- String Functions
- String to Array Conversion
- Loops with Arrays/Strings
8. Object-Oriented Programming (OOP)
- Classes and Objects
- Attributes and Methods
- Constructors
- Encapsulation (Private, Public, Getters/Setters)
- Inheritance (Single, Multi-level)
- Polymorphism (Overloading, Overriding)
- Abstraction (Abstract Classes / Interfaces)
9. Advanced Data Structures (Mostly Java & C++)
- Lists / ArrayList
- Linked Lists
- Stacks
- Queues
- Deques
- Sets / HashSet / TreeSet
- Maps / HashMap / TreeMap
- Iterators
- Algorithms (Sorting, Searching, etc.)
10. File Handling
- Create / Read / Write / Delete Files
- BufferedReader/FileReader/FileWriter in Java
- File Streams in C/C++
- open(), read(), write(), with in Python
11. Exception Handling
- Try...Catch / Try...Except
- Throw, Throws, Finally (Java/C++)
- Custom Exceptions
12. Math & Utility
- Basic Math Functions
- Random Number Generation
- Date and Time
- Importing Libraries (math, datetime, etc.)
Essential Java-Specific Topics
1. Java-Specific Syntax & Features
- System.out.println, Scanner class for input
- Static Methods and Variables
- Packages and import Statement
2. Java OOP Deep Dive
- Access Modifiers: public, private, protected, default
- this Keyword
- super Keyword
- Method Overloading and Overriding
- Final Keyword
- Nested and Inner Classes
3. Java APIs & Libraries
- Java Math, String, Wrapper Classes
- Java Date and Calendar Classes
- java.util Package
- java.lang Package
4. Java Data Structures
- ArrayList, LinkedList
- HashMap, TreeMap
- HashSet, TreeSet
- Iterator, ListIterator
- Collections Class and Utility Methods
- Sorting with Comparator and Comparable
5. Java Advanced
- Threads and Concurrency (Runnable, Thread class)
- Lambda Expressions
- Stream API (Java 8+)
- Functional Interfaces
- Regular Expressions (Regex)
- Annotations
- Enum and Switch with Enum
6. Java File & IO
- File, FileReader, FileWriter
- BufferedReader, BufferedWriter
- Scanner for file input
- Object Serialization (ObjectInputStream/ObjectOutputStream)
7. Java GUI and Other Topics (optional/advanced)
- JavaFX or Swing (UI development)
- JDBC (Database connectivity)
- Networking (Sockets)
