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Chapter2 Python Notes

This document provides detailed notes on Python programming for Class 11, covering topics such as introduction to Python, setting up the environment, variables and data types, control structures, functions, data structures, object-oriented programming, file handling, exception handling, and testing. It includes syntax examples and explanations for key concepts, as well as self-test questions for practice. The notes aim to equip students with foundational knowledge and practical skills in Python programming.

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20 views3 pages

Chapter2 Python Notes

This document provides detailed notes on Python programming for Class 11, covering topics such as introduction to Python, setting up the environment, variables and data types, control structures, functions, data structures, object-oriented programming, file handling, exception handling, and testing. It includes syntax examples and explanations for key concepts, as well as self-test questions for practice. The notes aim to equip students with foundational knowledge and practical skills in Python programming.

Uploaded by

moeezumer5
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Class 11 Computer Science – Chapter 2:

Python Programming (Detailed Notes)


1. Introduction to Python
Python is a high-level, general-purpose programming language known for its simplicity and
readability. Created by Guido van Rossum and first released in 1991.

Used in: Web development, AI, data science, automation.

Example:
print("Hello, World!")

2. Setting Up Python
Download Python from https://python.org. Use IDEs like IDLE, PyCharm, or VS Code.
Always select 'Add Python to PATH' during installation.

Verify installation:
python --version

3. Variables and Data Types


Variables store data. Python is dynamically typed.

Types:
- int: 10
- float: 3.14
- str: "Ali"
- bool: True
- complex: 3+2j

4. Definition of 'if' statement


The 'if' statement checks a condition and executes code if it’s True.

Syntax:
if condition:
# code block
5. Operators
Arithmetic: +, -, *, /, %, //
Comparison: ==, !=, >, <
Logical: and, or, not

6. Control Structures – if, loops


if-elif-else makes decisions.

Loops:
- for: Iterates over a sequence.
- while: Runs while a condition is True.

Example:
for i in range(5):
print(i)

7. Definition of 'function'
A function is a reusable block of code defined using 'def'.

Syntax:
def function_name(parameters):
return value

8. Data Structures
List: Mutable → [1,2,3]
Tuple: Immutable → (1,2,3)
Set: Unordered, no duplicates → {1,2}
Dict: Key-value → {"name": "Ali"}

9. Object-Oriented Programming
Classes create user-defined data types.

class Student:
def __init__(self, name):
self.name = name

s1 = Student("Ali")
10. File Handling
Read/Write files using:
open(), read(), write(), with open()

with open("file.txt", "w") as f:


f.write("Hello")

11. Exception Handling


Manage errors using try-except.

try:
x=5/0
except ZeroDivisionError:
print("Error")

12. Testing and Debugging


Use unittest module and print() to debug.

import unittest
class TestAdd(unittest.TestCase):
def test_add(self):
self.assertEqual(2 + 2, 4)

Self-Test Questions
1. Define a variable with your name.
2. Write a program using an if-else condition.
3. Create a function to calculate square.
4. Write a class for 'Car' with brand and model.
5. Open a file and write 'Hello' to it.
6. Handle divide by zero exception.
7. Create a list of 5 numbers and print the second.
8. Write a for loop from 1 to 10.
9. What is the difference between list and tuple?
10. Explain the role of '__init__' in a class.

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