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Constractor Its Types

This document provides an overview of C++ constructors, including default, parameterized, and copy constructors. It explains that constructors are special member functions called automatically upon object creation, and illustrates their usage with code examples. The document emphasizes the role of constructors in initializing objects and managing data within classes.

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14 views7 pages

Constractor Its Types

This document provides an overview of C++ constructors, including default, parameterized, and copy constructors. It explains that constructors are special member functions called automatically upon object creation, and illustrates their usage with code examples. The document emphasizes the role of constructors in initializing objects and managing data within classes.

Uploaded by

fezanbhutto27
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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C++ Constructors

In this tutorial, we will learn about the C++ constructor and its type with the
help examples.

A constructor is a special type of member function that is called automatically


when an object is created.

In C++, a constructor has the same name as that of the class and it does not
have a return type. For example,

class Wall {
public:
// create a constructor
Wall() {
// code
}
};

Here, the function Wall() is a constructor of the class Wall. Notice that the
constructor
 has the same name as the class,

 does not have a return type, and

 is public

C++ Default Constructor


A constructor with no parameters is known as a default constructor. In the
example above, Wall() is a default constructor.

Example 1: C++ Default Constructor


// C++ program to demonstrate the use of default constructor

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

// declare a class
class Wall {
private:
double length;

public:
// default constructor to initialize variable
Wall() {
length = 5.5;
cout << "Creating a wall." << endl;
cout << "Length = " << length << endl;
}
};

int main() {
Wall wall1;
return 0;
}
Run Code

Output

Creating a Wall
Length = 5.5
Here, when the wall1 object is created, the Wall() constructor is called. This
sets the length variable of the object to 5.5.

Note: If we have not defined a constructor in our class, then the C++ compiler
will automatically create a default constructor with an empty code and no
parameters.

C++ Parameterized Constructor


In C++, a constructor with parameters is known as a parameterized
constructor. This is the preferred method to initialize member data.

Example 2: C++ Parameterized Constructor


// C++ program to calculate the area of a wall

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

// declare a class
class Wall {
private:
double length;
double height;

public:
// parameterized constructor to initialize variables
Wall(double len, double hgt) {
length = len;
height = hgt;
}

double calculateArea() {
return length * height;
}
};

int main() {
// create object and initialize data members
Wall wall1(10.5, 8.6);
Wall wall2(8.5, 6.3);

cout << "Area of Wall 1: " << wall1.calculateArea() << endl;


cout << "Area of Wall 2: " << wall2.calculateArea();

return 0;
}
Run Code

Output

Area of Wall 1: 90.3


Area of Wall 2: 53.55

Here, we have created a parameterized constructor Wall() that has 2


parameters: double len and double hgt. The values contained in these
parameters are used to initialize the member variables length and height.
When we create an object of the Wall class, we pass the values for the
member variables as arguments. The code for this is:

Wall wall1(10.5, 8.6);


Wall wall2(8.5, 6.3);

With the member variables thus initialized, we can now calculate the area of
the wall with the calculateArea() function.
C++ Copy Constructor
The copy constructor in C++ is used to copy data of one object to another.

Example 3: C++ Copy Constructor


#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

// declare a class
class Wall {
private:
double length;
double height;

public:

// initialize variables with parameterized constructor


Wall(double len, double hgt) {
length = len;
height = hgt;
}

// copy constructor with a Wall object as parameter


// copies data of the obj parameter
Wall(Wall &obj) {
length = obj.length;
height = obj.height;
}

double calculateArea() {
return length * height;
}
};

int main() {
// create an object of Wall class
Wall wall1(10.5, 8.6);

// copy contents of wall1 to wall2


Wall wall2 = wall1;

// print areas of wall1 and wall2


cout << "Area of Wall 1: " << wall1.calculateArea() << endl;
cout << "Area of Wall 2: " << wall2.calculateArea();

return 0;
}
Run Code

Output

Area of Wall 1: 90.3


Area of Wall 2: 90.3

In this program, we have used a copy constructor to copy the contents of one
object of the Wall class to another. The code of the copy constructor is:

Wall(Wall &obj) {
length = obj.length;
height = obj.height;
}

Notice that the parameter of this constructor has the address of an object of
the Wall class.
We then assign the values of the variables of the obj object to the
corresponding variables of the object calling the copy constructor. This is how
the contents of the object are copied.
In main(), we then create two objects wall1 and wall2 and then copy the
contents of wall1 to wall2:
// copy contents of wall1 to wall2
Wall wall2 = wall1;

Here, the wall2 object calls its copy constructor by passing the address of
the wall1 object as its argument i.e. &obj = &wall1.

Note: A constructor is primarily used to initialize objects. They are also used
to run a default code when an object is created.

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