Create table department and employee

CREATE TABLE TABLENAME(COLUMN1

DATATYPE(SIZE),
CLUMN2 DATATYPE(SIZE)….);

employee (empno integer,ename charcter,job chracter,hiredate

date,salary number,deptnumber integer)

department (deptnumber integer, deptname character, location

character)

create table dept(

deptno integer,
dname varchar2(14),
loc varchar2(13));

create table emp(

empno number(4),
ename varchar2(10),
job varchar2(9),
hiredate date,
sal number(7,2),
deptno integer);

Describe the structure of the tables;

SQL> desc dept;
Name Null? Type
----------------------------------------- -------- ----------------------------
DEPTNO NUMBER(38)
DNAME VARCHAR2(14)
LOC VARCHAR2(13)22-2-1981',

SQL> desc emp;

Name Null? Type
----------------------------------------- -------- ----------------------------
EMPNO NUMBER(4)
ENAME VARCHAR2(10)
JOB VARCHAR2(9)
HIREDATE DATE
SAL NUMBER(7,2)
DEPTNO NUMBER(38)

select values from tables;

SQL> select * from dept;

no rows selected

SQL> select * from emp;

no rows selected

Display all the tables in your tablespace

SQL>SELECT * FROM TAB;

TNAME TABTYPE CLUSTERID

------------------------------ ------- ----------
DEPT TABLE
EMP TABLE

Add column state to department table

SQL> alter table dept add state varchar2(10);

Table altered.
SQL> desc dept;
Name Null? Type
----------------------------------------- -------- ----------------------------
DEPTNO NUMBER(38)
DNAME VARCHAR2(14)
LOC VARCHAR2(13)
STATE VARCHAR2(10)

Modify the data type of the column deptno

SQL> alter table dept modify deptno number(4,2);

Table altered.

SQL> desc dept;

Name Null? Type
----------------------------------------- -------- ----------------------------
DEPTNO NUMBER(4,2)
DNAME VARCHAR2(14)
LOC VARCHAR2(13)
STATE VARCHAR2(10)

Modify the size of column loc from 13 to 20

SQL> alter table dept modify loc varchar2 (20);

Table altered.

SQL> desc dept;

Name Null? Type
----------------------------------------- -------- ----------------------------
DEPTNO NUMBER (4,2)
DNAME VARCHAR2 (14)
LOC VARCHAR2 (20)
STATE VARCHAR2 (10)

Rename the column loc to location in dept table

SQL> alter table dept rename column loc to location;

Table altered.

SQL> desc dept;

Name Null? Type
----------------------------------------- -------- ----------------------------
DEPTNO NUMBER (4, 2)
DNAME VARCHAR2 (14)
LOCATION VARCHAR2 (20)
STATE VARCHAR2 (10)

Rename the table dept to department

SQL> rename dept to department;

Table renamed.

SQL> select * from tab;

TNAME TABTYPE CLUSTERID

------------------------------ ------- ----------
DEPARTMENT TABLE
EMP TABLE

Remove the column state from department table

SQL> alter table department drop column state;

Table altered.

SQL> desc department;

Name Null? Type
---------------------------- -------- ----------------------------
DEPTNO NUMBER(4,2)
DNAME VARCHAR2(14)
LOCATION VARCHAR2(20)

Drop the tables emp and department

SQL> drop table emp;

Table dropped.
SQL> drop table department;

Table dropped.

SQL> select * from tab;

TNAME TABTYPE CLUSTERID

------------------------------ ------- ----------
reBIN$jccR2MF9EubgUAB/AQAZXQ==$0 TABLE
BIN$jccR2MGAEubgUAB/AQAZXQ==$0 TABLE

Clear recycle bin

SQL> purge recyclebin;

Recyclebin purged.

SQL> select * from tab;

no rows selected

Create tables employee and department;

create table dept(

deptno integer,
dname varchar2(14),
loc varchar2(13));

create table emp(

empno integer,
ename varchar2(10),
job varchar2(9),
hiredate date,
sal number(7,2),
deptno integer);

Add primary key constraint to column deptno in dept table;

alter table dept add constraint pk_dno primary key(deptno);

SQL> desc dept;

Name Null? Type
----------------------------------------- -------- ----------------------------
DEPTNO NOT NULL NUMBER(38)
DNAME VARCHAR2(14)
LOC VARCHAR2(13)

Add foregin key constraint to column deptno in emp table to deptno column
in dept table;

alter table emp add constraint fk_dno foreign key(deptno) references dept(deptno);

Table altered

Add primary key constraint to column empno in emp table;

SQL> alter table emp add constraint pk_empno primary key(empno);

Table altered.

View the constraint name and type in table

SQL> select constraint_name,constraint_type from user_constraints where table_name='EMP';

CONSTRAINT_NAME C
------------------------------ -
FK_DNO R
PK_EMPNO P

Drop the foreign key constraint in emp table

SQL> alter table emp drop constraint FK_DNO;

Table altered.

Add foregin key constraint to column deptno in emp table to deptno column
in dept table;
alter table emp add constraint fk_dno foreign key(deptno) references dept(deptno);
Insert values to table emp & dept

INSERT INTO TABLE VALUES(VALUE1,VALUE2,VALUE3….);

insert into DEPT values(10, 'ACCOUNTING', 'NEW YORK');

insert into dept values(20, 'RESEARCH', 'DALLAS');

insert into dept values(30, 'SALES', 'CHICAGO');

SQL> select * from dept;

DEPTNO DNAME LOC

---------- -------------- -------------
10 ACCOUNTING NEW YORK
20 RESEARCH DALLAS
30 SALES CHICAGO

Primary key violation

insert into DEPT values(10, 'RESEARCH', 'WDC');

SQL> insert into DEPT values(10, 'RESEARCH', 'WDC');

insert into DEPT values(10, 'RESEARCH', 'WDC')
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-00001: unique constraint (IGNOU030.PK_DNO) violated

insert into emp

values(7698, 'BLAKE', 'MANAGER',to_date('1-5-1981','dd-mm-yyyy'), 2850, 30);

insert into emp

values(7782, 'CLARK', 'MANAGER',to_date('9-6-1981','dd-mm-yyyy'),2450,10);

insert into emp

values(7566, 'JONES', 'MANAGER',to_date('2-4-1981','dd-mm-yyyy'), 2975,20);

insert into emp

values(7902, 'FORD', 'ANALYST',to_date('3-12-1981','dd-mm-yyyy'),3000,20);

insert into emp

values(7369, 'SMITH', 'CLERK', to_date('17-12-1980','dd-mm-yyyy'),800,20);

insert into emp

values(7521, 'WARD', 'SALESMAN','22-feb-1981',1250, 30 );

insert into emp

values(7844, 'TURNER', 'SALESMAN',to_date('8-9-1981','dd-mm-yyyy'),1500,30);

insert into emp

values( 7876, 'ADAMS', 'CLERK',to_date('13-JUL-1987', 'dd-mm-yyyy'),1100,20);

insert into emp

values(7900, 'JAMES', 'CLERK',to_date('3-12-1981','dd-mm-yyyy'), 950,30);

SQL> select * from emp;

EMPNO ENAME JOB HIREDATE SAL DEPTNO

---------- ---------- --------- --------- ---------- ----------
7698 BLAKE MANAGER 01-MAY-81 2850 30
7782 CLARK MANAGER 09-JUN-81 2450 10
7566 JONES MANAGER 02-APR-81 2975 20
7902 FORD ANALYST 03-DEC-81 3000 20
7369 SMITH CLERK 17-DEC-80 800 20
7521 WARD SALESMAN 22-FEB-81 1250 30
7844 TURNER SALESMAN 08-SEP-81 1500 30
7900 JAMES CLERK 03-DEC-81 950 30
7876 ADAMS CLERK 13-JUL-87 1100 20

9 rows selected.
Foregin key violation

SQL> insert into emp

values(7900, 'JAM', 'CLERK',to_date('3-12-1981','dd-mm-yyyy'), 950,40);
insert into emp
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-00001: unique constraint (IGNOU030.PK_EMPNO) violated

Update the data in the table

UPDATE TABLENAME SET COLUMNNAME=NEW VALUE WHERE

CONDITION;

uSQL> update emp set sal=1959 where empno=7900;

1 row updated.

SQL> select * from emp;

EMPNO ENAME JOB HIREDATE SAL DEPTNO

---------- ---------- --------- --------- ---------- ----------
7698 BLAKE MANAGER 01-MAY-81 2850 30
7782 CLARK MANAGER 09-JUN-81 2450 10
7566 JONES MANAGER 02-APR-81 2975 20
7902 FORD ANALYST 03-DEC-81 3000 20
7369 SMITH CLERK 17-DEC-80 800 20
7521 WARD SALESMAN 22-FEB-81 1250 30
7844 TURNER SALESMAN 08-SEP-81 1500 30
7900 JAMES CLERK 03-DEC-81 1959 30
7876 ADAMS CLERK 13-JUL-87 1100 20
Deleting row from the table
SQL> delete from emp where empno=7876;

1 row deleted.

SQL> select * from emp;

EMPNO ENAME JOB HIREDATE SAL DEPTNO

---------- ---------- --------- --------- ---------- ----------
7698 BLAKE MANAGER 01-MAY-81 2850 30
7782 CLARK MANAGER 09-JUN-81 2450 10
7566 JONES MANAGER 02-APR-81 2975 20
 7902 FORD ANALYST 03-DEC-81 3000 20
7369 SMITH CLERK 17-DEC-80 800 20
7521 WARD SALESMAN 22-FEB-81 1250 30
7844 TURNER SALESMAN 08-SEP-81 1500 30
7900 JAMES CLERK 03-DEC-81 1959 30

8 rows selected.

Deleting all the rows from the tables;

SQL> delete from emp;

8 rows deleted.

SQL> select * from emp;

no rows selected

COMMIT command is used to permanently save any transaction into the

database.

SQL> commit;

Commit complete.