Tutorial Problems
1. Define the following:
a. Row space and column space of a matrix.
b. linear combination
c. linearly independent set
d. Spanning Sets
2. Define the following:
a. Row equivalent matrices.
3. Use the following information for all the subsections of this question (if applicable):
Given matrix
−2 0 2 0 2 4 6 1 0 −1 0 −1 −2 −3
[A | b] =
−2 1 4 0 3 6 −2 and [Q | c] = 0 1 2 0 1
2 −8
1 0 −1 1 0 −1 3 0 0 0 1 1 1 6
(a) Show that [A | b] is row equivalent to [Q | c].
(b) Write the system of equations that is represented by matrix [Q|c] and if the
matrix equation Ax = b is consistent, find the general solution. Also if the
matrix equation is inconsistent, explain why.
(c) Determine the rank of A, a basis for nullspace of A and nullity of A.
4 Define the following:
a. Elementary matrix.
b. LU -factorization.
5 Consider the following system of equations where k1 and k2 are non zero constants.
x1 + 2x2 = 0,
k1 x1 + 8x2 + 3x3 = 0,
k2 x2 + 5x3 = 0
a. Which value of k1 will make it necessary to interchange rows in the coefficient
matrix in the process of row echelon form?
b. With k1 as an arbitrary constant, find a value of k2 such that the system is
consistent.
6 If
1 2 0 1
1 2
(i) A = 2 4 1 4
and (ii) A =
−5 2
3 6 3 9
answer the following:
a. Determine the upper triangular matrix and lower triangular matrix.
b. Prove that A = LU.
7 Solve the system below using the LU -decomposition.
2x1 + 6x2 + 2x3 = 2,
−3x1 − 8x2 = 2
4x1 + 9x2 + 2x3 = 3
8 Define the following:
a. Euclidean inner product space
f. Subspaces
9 Sate the following theorems:
a. Cancellation properties
b. Uniqueness of Basis Representation
c. Properties of transpose matrix
d. coordinates of v relative to the basis S
10 If A is an invertible matrix, show that the inverse is unique.
11 If u, v, w ∈ Rn and k ∈ IR , prove that (u + v).w = u.w + v.w
12 Show that the solution to the vector equation x + u = v is x = v − u
13 If u, v, w are all vectors in Rn , prove that (u + v) + w = u + (v + w)
14 Show that v = {(a, b, c)|b = a + c} is a subspace of R3 .
15 If B = {v1 ; v2 ; v3 } where
v1 = (2, 6, 6, 4), v2 = (1, −1, 0, 1) and v3 = (0, 2, 2, 1)
are vectors in R4 .
a. Is the vectors in set B orthogonal basis? Justify your answer.
b. Find orthonormal basis for set B.
c. Verify whether the bases obtained in (4.2b) are orthonormal.
16 Given the vector u = (−1, 1, 2, 1) and the vectors
v1 = (1, −1, 2, −1), v2 = (−2, 2, 3, 2), v3 = (1, 2, 0, −1), v4 = (1, 0, 0, 1)
which form an basis for R4 , find the coordinate vector (u)S for the vector u.
Part B
1 Define the following:
a. Orthogonal Diagonalization.
b. Eigenvector
c. Orthogonal and orthonormal set of vectors.
d. Transpose of A is an n × m matrix
e. diagonal matrix
2 State the Gram-Schmidt theorem.
3 If
4 2 2 1 4 5 −4 2 −2
(i) A =
2 4 2 4 −3 0
(ii) A = 2 −7 4
(iii) A =
2 2 4 5 0 7 −2 4 −7
answer the following questions:
(a) Find an orthogonal matrix P that diagonalizes the given matrices
(b) Find orthonormal bases for the eigenspaces of A.
(c) Construct an orthogonal matrix P for which P t AP is diagonal.
(Note:P −1 AP = P t AP )
4 Let
2 1 0
A= 1 2 1
−3 1 2
(a) Evaluate the determinant of A using row echelon form.
(b) Use the co-factor method to find A−1 .
5 Given
2 1 0
A=
−1 1 0
3 0 −1
a. Find the inverse of matrix A by employing elementary row operations.
b. Employ matrix multiplication to prove that the inverse obtained above is an
inverse of matrix A.
6 If
0 0 −2 −1 4 −2
(i) A =
1 2 1 and −3 4 0
(ii) A =
1 0 3 −3 1 3
a. If the characteristic polynomial of A.
b. Find the eigenvalues A.
c. Find the bases corresponding to the eigenvalues obtained in (b).
d. If P diagonalizes A, find the inverse of P using the co-factor method.
e. Show that P diagonalizes A.
7 Let
−4 4 7
A = 10 −7 −14
−10 8 15
Find the characteristic polynomial, all real eigenvalues and eigenvectors of A.
8 Given
1 −2 1 1
−1 2 2 0
A= .
2 3 0 0
−1 2 −1 1
Let B = {w1 , w2 , w3 , w4 } be the column space of A. Express u = (1, 1, 1, 1) as a
linear combination of w1 , w2 , w3 and w4 .
9 Given
1 −1 0 1
C = −1 2 1 0
.
0 2 2 1
Let B = {v1 , v2 , v3 }.
a. Show that B is a basis of the row space R(C).
b. Find orthonormal basis of R(C) using the Gram-Schmidt process on B.
c. Find the projection of w = (1, 0, 0, 1) on R(C).
10 Define a basis for a vector space.
11 If
1 1 0 1 4 3 3 0 5 1 −2 0 0 3
1 2 1 1 6 2 2 0 −2 0 1 3 2 0
(i) A = , A= , (iii) R = .
0 1 1 1 3 4 1 −3 0 0 0 1 1 0
2 2 0 1 7 2 10 3 2 0 0 0 0 0
Determine a basis for the column space of the matrix A.
a. Find the bases of the row and column space of R(C).
b. Compute the det(A) by row echelon form.
b. Find the bases for the row and column spaces of matrix R.
12 Let W be the set of all vectors of the form
3x + y
y − 2z .
2x + z
Find a set of vectors that span R3 .
