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Chapter 3 - Operators and Expressions in JavaScript

Chapter 3 discusses operators and expressions in JavaScript, explaining how operators allow for mathematical operations, variable assignments, string concatenation, value comparisons, and logical conditions. It covers various types of operators including arithmetic, assignment, comparison, and logical operators, providing examples for each. The chapter emphasizes the importance of using strict comparison operators for safer code and concludes with practice exercises for readers.

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Ahmed Salah
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5 views5 pages

Chapter 3 - Operators and Expressions in JavaScript

Chapter 3 discusses operators and expressions in JavaScript, explaining how operators allow for mathematical operations, variable assignments, string concatenation, value comparisons, and logical conditions. It covers various types of operators including arithmetic, assignment, comparison, and logical operators, providing examples for each. The chapter emphasizes the importance of using strict comparison operators for safer code and concludes with practice exercises for readers.

Uploaded by

Ahmed Salah
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Chapter 3: Operators and Expressions in JavaScript

By Ahmed Thaer

What Are Operators and Expressions?

After learning about variables and data types, I wanted to do something with them—like add
numbers, combine text, or check if something is true. That’s where operators come in.
Operators let you perform actions with your variables. When you use operators with values or
variables, you create what’s called an expression.

Think of an expression as a little statement that gives you a value, like 2 + 2 or 'Hello, ' +
name.

Arithmetic Operators

These are the classic math operators. I use them whenever I want to add, subtract, multiply, or
divide numbers.

Operator Description Example Result

+ Addition 5 + 3 8

- Subtraction 5 - 3 2

* Multiplication 5 * 3 15

/ Division 6 / 3 2

% Modulus (Remainder) 5 % 2 1

** Exponentiation 2 ** 3 8

Example:

javascript
CopyEdit
let a = 10;
let b = 3;

console.log(a + b); // 13
console.log(a % b); // 1
console.log(a ** b); // 1000

Assignment Operators

Assignment operators help you give a value to a variable or update its value.

Operator Example Same As

= x = 5 assign 5 to
x

+= x += 2 x = x + 2

-= x -= 2 x = x - 2

*= x *= 2 x = x * 2

/= x /= 2 x = x / 2

Example:

javascript
CopyEdit
let count = 5;
count += 3; // count is now 8
count *= 2; // count is now 16

String Operators

The + operator is also used to combine strings (text) in JavaScript—a process called
“concatenation.”

javascript
CopyEdit
let firstName = 'Ahmed';
let greeting = 'Hello, ' + firstName + '!';
console.log(greeting); // Hello, Ahmed!
Comparison Operators

Comparison operators let you compare values, and the result is always true or false (a
Boolean).

Operator Description Example Result

== Equal to (loose) 5 == true


'5'

=== Equal to (strict) 5 === false


'5'

!= Not equal (loose) 5 != true


'8'

!== Not equal (strict) 5 !== true


'5'

> Greater than 7 > 5 true

< Less than 7 < 5 false

>= Greater or equal 5 >= 5 true

<= Less or equal 4 <= 4 true

Tip: I always use === and !== for comparisons to avoid surprises with type conversion.

Logical Operators

When I want to combine multiple conditions, I use logical operators:

Operator Description Example Result

&& AND true && false


false

` ` OR

! NOT (negation) !true false


Example:

javascript
CopyEdit
let isAdult = true;
let hasTicket = false;
console.log(isAdult && hasTicket); // false (both must be true)
console.log(isAdult || hasTicket); // true (at least one is true)
console.log(!isAdult); // false

Expressions in Action

Let’s combine what we’ve learned:

javascript
CopyEdit
let x = 7;
let y = 4;
let sum = x + y; // 11
let message = 'The total is ' + sum;
console.log(message); // The total is 11

let canEnter = (x > 5) && (y < 10);


console.log(canEnter); // true

Quick Practice

Try these in your browser console:

1.​ What’s the result of 10 % 3?​

2.​ Combine your first and last name into one string variable.​

3.​ Check if 15 >= 10 && 5 < 3 is true or false.​

Summary
In this chapter, I covered:

●​ Arithmetic, assignment, string, comparison, and logical operators​

●​ How to use them to build expressions​

●​ Why strict comparison (===) is usually safer​

Next up: Control Structures—how to make decisions in your code using if statements and
loops!

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