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Chapter 4_ Control Structures in JavaScript

Chapter 4 discusses control structures in JavaScript, focusing on conditional statements like if, else, and switch, as well as loops such as for, while, and do...while. It explains how to make decisions in code and repeat actions, including controlling loop flow with break and continue. The chapter concludes with practical exercises and a preview of the next topic on functions.

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Ahmed Salah
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2 views5 pages

Chapter 4_ Control Structures in JavaScript

Chapter 4 discusses control structures in JavaScript, focusing on conditional statements like if, else, and switch, as well as loops such as for, while, and do...while. It explains how to make decisions in code and repeat actions, including controlling loop flow with break and continue. The chapter concludes with practical exercises and a preview of the next topic on functions.

Uploaded by

Ahmed Salah
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Chapter 4: Control Structures in JavaScript

By Ahmed Thaer

What are Control Structures?

Now that we can create variables, do math, and compare things, the next step is making our
programs react to different situations. Control structures let us decide what happens and
when. In JavaScript, the two most important kinds are conditional statements (like if) and
loops (like for and while).

Conditional Statements: Making Decisions

The if statement is how we make choices in our code. It checks a condition—if it’s true, the
code inside runs. If it’s false, it skips that part.

Example:

javascript
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let age = 20;
if (age >= 18) {
console.log('You are an adult!');
}

if...else

If you want to do one thing if a condition is true, and something else if it’s false, use else.

javascript
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let isRaining = false;

if (isRaining) {
console.log('Take an umbrella!');
} else {
console.log('No need for an umbrella today.');
}
else if

For multiple possibilities, use else if:

javascript
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let score = 85;

if (score >= 90) {


console.log('Grade: A');
} else if (score >= 80) {
console.log('Grade: B');
} else {
console.log('Keep trying!');
}

The switch Statement

When you have a lot of possible options for one variable, switch can make your code cleaner:

javascript
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let day = 'Saturday';

switch (day) {
case 'Saturday':
case 'Sunday':
console.log('It’s the weekend!');
break;
case 'Monday':
console.log('Back to work!');
break;
default:
console.log('Just another day.');
}
Loops: Doing Things Repeatedly

Sometimes, you need to repeat actions—like printing all the numbers from 1 to 5. Loops make
this easy.

The for Loop

This is the most common loop when you know how many times you want to repeat.

javascript
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for (let i = 1; i <= 5; i++) {
console.log('Number: ' + i);
}

The while Loop

A while loop repeats as long as a condition is true.

javascript
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let count = 1;
while (count <= 5) {
console.log('Count is: ' + count);
count++;
}

The do...while Loop

This loop runs at least once, then checks the condition.

javascript
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let num = 1;
do {
console.log('Number is: ' + num);
num++;
} while (num <= 3);
Breaking and Continuing Loops

●​ break stops the loop completely.​

●​ continue skips to the next loop cycle.​

javascript
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for (let i = 1; i <= 5; i++) {
if (i === 3) continue; // Skip 3
if (i === 5) break; // Stop at 5
console.log(i);
}
// Output: 1, 2, 4

Putting It All Together

Here’s a real-life example: Checking if each number in an array is even or odd.

javascript
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let numbers = [2, 5, 8, 11];

for (let i = 0; i < numbers.length; i++) {


if (numbers[i] % 2 === 0) {
console.log(numbers[i] + ' is even');
} else {
console.log(numbers[i] + ' is odd');
}
}

Quick Practice

1.​ Write a program that prints “Fizz” for numbers divisible by 3 and “Buzz” for numbers
divisible by 5 (from 1 to 15).​
2.​ Use an if statement to check if a user’s age is 21 or older, then print a message.​

3.​ Loop through an array of your favorite foods and print each one.​

Summary

In this chapter, I covered:

●​ How to use if, else, and else if for decision-making​

●​ The switch statement for multiple choices​

●​ for, while, and do...while loops for repeating actions​

●​ How to control loop flow with break and continue​

Next up: Functions—how to group your code into reusable blocks that make your programs
cleaner and smarter.

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