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Python Inbuilt Functions

The document provides a comprehensive overview of various string, array, and hash map methods in Python, detailing their functionality with examples. Key string methods include strip(), split(), join(), and replace(), while array methods cover append(), extend(), pop(), and sort(). Additionally, it explains hash map operations such as get(), keys(), values(), and update(), making it a useful reference for Python programming.

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2 views6 pages

Python Inbuilt Functions

The document provides a comprehensive overview of various string, array, and hash map methods in Python, detailing their functionality with examples. Key string methods include strip(), split(), join(), and replace(), while array methods cover append(), extend(), pop(), and sort(). Additionally, it explains hash map operations such as get(), keys(), values(), and update(), making it a useful reference for Python programming.

Uploaded by

2022ad0011
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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STRING METHODS

1. strip() - Removes leading and trailing spaces


s = " hello world "
print(s.strip()) # Output: "hello world"

2. split() - Splits a string into a list


s = "leet code problems"
print(s.split()) # Output: ['leet', 'code', 'problems']

3. join() - Joins elements of a list into a string


words = ["leet", "code"]
print(" ".join(words)) # Output: "leet code"

4. replace() - Replaces occurrences of a substring


s = "hello world"
print(s.replace("world", "leetcode")) # Output: "hello leetcode"

5. find() / index() - Finds the first occurrence of a substring


s = "leetcode"
print(s.find("code")) # Output: 4

6. startswith() / endswith() - Checks if a string starts/ends with a


substring
s = "leetcode"
print(s.startswith("leet")) # Output: True
print(s.endswith("code")) # Output: True

7. count() - Counts occurrences of a substring


s = "banana"
print(s.count("a")) # Output: 3
8. lower() / upper() - Converts string to lowercase/uppercase
s = "LeetCode"
print(s.lower()) # Output: "leetcode"
print(s.upper()) # Output: "LEETCODE"

9. isalpha() / isdigit() / isalnum() - Checks if the string is alphabetic,


numeric, or alphanumeric
print("abc".isalpha()) # Output: True
print("123".isdigit()) # Output: True
print("abc123".isalnum()) # Output: True

10. [::-1] (Slicing for Reversal) - Used in palindrome problems


s = "racecar"
print(s[::-1]) # Output: "racecar"

11.Count

s = "mississippi"
print(s.count("i", 2, 8)) # Output: 2 (counts "i" from index 2 to 8)

ARRAY METHODS

1. append() → Adds an element to the end of the list


nums = [1, 2, 3]
nums.append(4)
print(nums) # Output: [1, 2, 3, 4]

2. extend() → Merges two lists


nums = [1, 2, 3]
nums.extend([4, 5])
print(nums) # Output: [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
3. insert() → Inserts an element at a specific index
nums = [1, 2, 4]
nums.insert(2, 3)
print(nums) # Output: [1, 2, 3, 4]

4. pop() → Removes and returns the last element (or at a given index)
nums = [1, 2, 3]
nums.pop()
print(nums) # Output: [1, 2]

5. remove() → Removes the first occurrence of a value


nums = [1, 2, 3, 2]
nums.remove(2)
print(nums) # Output: [1, 3, 2]

6. index() → Finds the first occurrence of a value


nums = [10, 20, 30]
print(nums.index(20)) # Output: 1

7. count() → Counts occurrences of an element


nums = [1, 2, 2, 3, 2]
print(nums.count(2)) # Output: 3

8. sort() → Sorts the list in-place


nums = [3, 1, 2]
nums.sort()
print(nums) # Output: [1, 2, 3]

9. sorted() → Returns a new sorted list


nums = [3, 1, 2]
print(sorted(nums)) # Output: [1, 2, 3]
10. reverse() → Reverses the list in-place

nums = [1, 2, 3]
nums.reverse()
print(nums) # Output: [3, 2, 1]

11. reversed() → Returns a reversed iterator


nums = [1, 2, 3]
print(list(reversed(nums))) # Output: [3, 2, 1]

12. copy() → Creates a shallow copy of the list


nums = [1, 2, 3]
new_nums = nums.copy()
print(new_nums) # Output: [1, 2, 3]

13. clear() → Removes all elements from the list


nums = [1, 2, 3]
nums.clear()
print(nums) # Output: []

14. list comprehension (Alternative to map() and filter())


nums = [1, 2, 3, 4]
squared = [x*x for x in nums]
print(squared) # Output: [1, 4, 9, 16]
HASH MAP
1. get() → Returns the value of a key, or a default if the key is missing
hashmap = {"a": 1, "b": 2}
print(hashmap.get("b")) # Output: 2
print(hashmap.get("c", 0)) # Output: 0 (default value)

2. keys() → Returns all keys


hashmap = {"a": 1, "b": 2, "c": 3}
print(list(hashmap.keys())) # Output: ['a', 'b', 'c']

3. values() → Returns all values


hashmap = {"a": 1, "b": 2, "c": 3}
print(list(hashmap.values())) # Output: [1, 2, 3]

4. items() → Returns key-value pairs


hashmap = {"a": 1, "b": 2, "c": 3}
print(list(hashmap.items())) # Output: [('a', 1), ('b', 2), ('c', 3)]

5. setdefault() → Inserts key with default value if it doesn’t exist


hashmap = {"a": 1, "b": 2}
hashmap.setdefault("c", 3)
print(hashmap) # Output: {'a': 1, 'b': 2, 'c': 3}

6. update() → Updates dictionary with another dictionary or key-value pair


hashmap = {"a": 1, "b": 2}
hashmap.update({"b": 5, "c": 3})
print(hashmap) # Output: {'a': 1, 'b': 5, 'c': 3}

7. pop() → Removes a key and returns its value


hashmap = {"a": 1, "b": 2}
value = hashmap.pop("b")
print(value) # Output: 2
print(hashmap) # Output: {'a': 1}

8. clear() → Removes all key-value pairs


hashmap = {"a": 1, "b": 2}
hashmap.clear()
print(hashmap) # Output: {}

9. copy() → Returns a copy of the dictionary


hashmap = {"a": 1, "b": 2}
new_hashmap = hashmap.copy()
print(new_hashmap) # Output: {'a': 1, 'b': 2}

10. defaultdict() (From collections) → Provides default values for


missing keys
from collections import defaultdict

hashmap = defaultdict(int)
hashmap["a"] += 1
print(hashmap["a"]) # Output: 1
print(hashmap["b"]) # Output: 0 (default int value)

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