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Object Detection Arduino Ultrasonic Project Report

This project report outlines the design and implementation of an object detection system using Arduino Uno and an HC-SR04 ultrasonic sensor. The system measures object distance and triggers alerts based on proximity, with applications in robotics, automotive, and smart homes. Future enhancements include integrating displays, IoT modules, and expanding to multi-sensor systems.

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akashjayaprakash2018
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3 views4 pages

Object Detection Arduino Ultrasonic Project Report

This project report outlines the design and implementation of an object detection system using Arduino Uno and an HC-SR04 ultrasonic sensor. The system measures object distance and triggers alerts based on proximity, with applications in robotics, automotive, and smart homes. Future enhancements include integrating displays, IoT modules, and expanding to multi-sensor systems.

Uploaded by

akashjayaprakash2018
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Project Report: Object Detection using Arduino Uno and Ultrasonic Sensor

1. Introduction

Embedded systems play a vital role in modern electronic design, especially for tasks requiring automation,

control, and real-time responses. This project demonstrates a basic object detection system using Arduino

Uno and an ultrasonic sensor. The objective is to measure the distance of an object using the HC-SR04

sensor and trigger visual/audible alerts when the object is detected within a predefined range.

2. Objectives

- Design and implement an embedded system for object detection

- Interface an HC-SR04 ultrasonic sensor with Arduino Uno

- Trigger LED/Buzzer alert based on object proximity

- Learn basic principles of ultrasonic ranging and embedded programming

3. Components Required

1. Arduino Uno - 1 unit

2. HC-SR04 Ultrasonic Sensor - 1 unit

3. Breadboard - 1 unit

4. Jumper wires - As required

5. LED - 1 unit

6. 220-ohm Resistor - 1 unit

7. Buzzer (optional) - 1 unit

8. USB Cable for Arduino - 1 unit

4. Working Principle

The HC-SR04 sensor uses sonar to determine the distance to an object. It emits an ultrasonic wave through
Project Report: Object Detection using Arduino Uno and Ultrasonic Sensor

the trig pin, and measures the time taken for the echo to return via the echo pin. The formula used is:

Distance = (Time x Speed of Sound) / 2

Speed of sound = 343 m/s. Time is measured in microseconds and converted accordingly.

5. Circuit Diagram

Connections:

- VCC of HC-SR04 -> 5V on Arduino

- GND -> GND

- Trig -> Digital Pin 9

- Echo -> Digital Pin 10

- LED -> Digital Pin 12 (with 220-ohm resistor)

- Buzzer -> Digital Pin 11 (optional)

6. Arduino Code

const int trigPin = 9;


const int echoPin = 10;
const int ledPin = 12;
const int buzzerPin = 11;

long duration;
int distance;

void setup() {
pinMode(trigPin, OUTPUT);
pinMode(echoPin, INPUT);
pinMode(ledPin, OUTPUT);
pinMode(buzzerPin, OUTPUT);
Serial.begin(9600);
}

void loop() {
digitalWrite(trigPin, LOW);
delayMicroseconds(2);

digitalWrite(trigPin, HIGH);
delayMicroseconds(10);
Project Report: Object Detection using Arduino Uno and Ultrasonic Sensor
digitalWrite(trigPin, LOW);

duration = pulseIn(echoPin, HIGH);


distance = duration * 0.034 / 2;

Serial.print("Distance: ");
Serial.print(distance);
Serial.println(" cm");

if (distance < 10) {


digitalWrite(ledPin, HIGH);
digitalWrite(buzzerPin, HIGH);
} else {
digitalWrite(ledPin, LOW);
digitalWrite(buzzerPin, LOW);
}
delay(500);
}

7. Applications

- Robotics for obstacle avoidance

- Automotive parking systems

- Industrial automation

- Smart homes for motion detection

8. Conclusion

The project successfully demonstrates a basic object detection system using an Arduino and ultrasonic

sensor. This system can be used as a foundational block for more complex automation systems.

9. Future Scope

- Integrate LCD/OLED displays to show distance values

- Use IoT modules (ESP8266/NodeMCU) for wireless monitoring

- Include servo motors for directional scanning

- Expand to multi-sensor systems for 360° coverage


Project Report: Object Detection using Arduino Uno and Ultrasonic Sensor

10. References

- Arduino Official Documentation: https://www.arduino.cc

- HC-SR04 Datasheet

- Embedded System Design textbook resources

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