Introduction to Integration
A. Approximation of the Area under a Curve
Want to find:
Lower Rectangle Approximation:
Upper Rectangle Approximation:
B. The Riemann Integral
AL (Area Lower) and AU (Area Upper)
Taking Limit n to infinity, AL = AU = Actual Area.
C. Anti-Differentiation
The Fundamental Theorem of Calculus
Properties of Definite Integral
Indefinite Integral
D. Rule for Integration
General Rules:
Rules for Basic Functions:
As you can see, differentiate the Integrals get you the Functions.
1
SL only requires 𝑥 𝑛 , sin x, cos x, , 𝑒 𝑥 , and the composite of any of these with ax+b.
𝑥
Rules for f(ax+b)
E. Integration by Substitution