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C++ Inheritance

The document explains C++ inheritance, a key feature of Object Oriented Programming that allows a class to inherit properties from another class. It details the concepts of subclasses and superclasses, various access specifiers, and provides syntax examples for different types of inheritance including single, multiple, multilevel, hierarchical, hybrid, and multipath inheritance. Additionally, it includes code demonstrations to illustrate the implementation of inheritance and access modes.

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2 views14 pages

C++ Inheritance

The document explains C++ inheritance, a key feature of Object Oriented Programming that allows a class to inherit properties from another class. It details the concepts of subclasses and superclasses, various access specifiers, and provides syntax examples for different types of inheritance including single, multiple, multilevel, hierarchical, hybrid, and multipath inheritance. Additionally, it includes code demonstrations to illustrate the implementation of inheritance and access modes.

Uploaded by

unnatisingh314
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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C++ Inheritance

By:
Dr. Shweta Jain
Head Coordinator, Data Science
C++ Inheritance

The capability of a class to derive properties and characteristics from another


class is called Inheritance. Inheritance is one of the most important feature of
Object Oriented Programming.

Sub Class: The class that inherits properties from another class is called Sub
class or Derived Class.

Super Class: The class whose properties are inherited by sub class is called
Base Class or Super class.
Why and when to use inheritance?
Syntax for Inheritance and Access Modes:
In C++, there are three access specifiers:
● public - members are accessible from outside the class
● private - members cannot be accessed (or viewed) from outside the
class
● protected - members cannot be accessed from outside the class,
however, they can be accessed in inherited classes. You will learn more
about Inheritance later.

Syntax:
class subclass_name : access_mode base_class_name
{
//body of subclass
};
Code 1: Demonstration of Inheritance
// C++ program to demonstrate //main function
// implementation of Inheritance int main()
{
#include <iostream.h>
using namespace std; Child obj1;

//Base class // An object of class child


class Parent // has all data members
{ // and member functions of class parent
public: obj1.id_c = 7;
int id_p; obj1.id_p = 91;
}; cout << "Child id is " << obj1.id_c << endl;
cout << "Parent id is " << obj1.id_p << endl;
// Sub class inheriting from
// Base Class(Parent) return 0;
class Child : public Parent }
{
public:
int id_c; Output
}; Child id is 7
Parent id is 91
Code 2: Demonstration of Modes of Inheritance
// C++ Implementation to show that a derived class class C : protected A
// doesn’t inherit access to private data members. {
// However, it does inherit a full parent object // x is protected
class A // y is protected
{ // z is not accessible from C
public: };
int x;
protected: class D : private A // 'private' is default for
int y; // classes
private: {
int z; // x is private
}; // y is private
// z is not accessible from D
class B : public A };
{
// x is public
// y is protected
// z is not accessible from B
};
Type of Inheritance based on Access Modes/Specifiers
Types of Inheritance

Types of
Inheritance

Single Multiple Multi-level Hierarchical Hybrid (Virtual) Multipath


Inheritance Inheritance Inheritance Inheritance Inheritance Inheritance
1. Single Inheritance

In single inheritance, a class is allowed to inherit from only one class. i.e. one sub
class is inherited by one base class only.

Syntax:
class subclass_name : access_mode base_class
{
//body of subclass
};
2. Multiple Inheritance

Multiple Inheritance is a feature of C++ where a class can inherit from more than
one classes. i.e one sub class is inherited from more than one base classes.

Syntax:

class subclass_name : access_mode base_class1, access_mode base_class2, ....


{
//body of subclass
};
3. Multilevel Inheritance

In this type of inheritance, a derived class is created from another derived class.
4. Hierarchical Inheritance

In this type of inheritance, more than one sub class is inherited from a single base
class. i.e. more than one derived class is created from a single base class.
5. Hybrid (Virtual) Inheritance

Hybrid Inheritance is implemented by combining more than one type of


inheritance. For example: Combining Hierarchical inheritance and Multiple
Inheritance.
6. Special case of hybrid inheritance : Multipath inheritance

A derived class with two base classes and these two base classes have one
common base class is called multipath inheritance. An ambiguity can arise in this
type of inheritance.

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