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Chapter 2 2.1 Practice B

2.1 Start Thinking 1. If you like to eat, then you are a good cook.

Sample answer: If an animal is a horse, then it is a 2. If an animal is a bear, then it is a mammal.

mammal; If an animal is not a mammal, then it cannot
be a horse. Any fact stated in the form of an "if-then" 3. a. If a tree is an oak tree, then it is a deciduous tree;
statement could be used, as long as it is factual and true
leads the reader to believe the original statement as a b. If a tree is a deciduous tree, then it is an oak tree;
result. false
2.1 Warm Up c. If a tree is not an oak tree, then it is not a
deciduous tree; false
1. hexagon 2. right
d. If a tree is not a deciduous tree, then it is not an
3. complementary 4. straight oak tree; true

2.1 Cumulative Review Warm Up 4. true; Vertical angles share opposite rays.

1. (6, 1) 2. ( −1, 1) (
3. 2, 7
2 ) 4. ( − 5, 1) 5. false; The angles of a parallelogram are not always
perpendicular.
2.1 Practice A
6. A quadrilateral is a rectangle if and only if it has all
1. If you like the ocean, then you are a good swimmer. perpendicular sides.
2. If it is raining outside, then it is cold. 7. yes; By definition, true statements always have true
3. If you are a child, then you must attend school. contrapositives.

8. If x = 7, then 3x + 2 = 23.
4. If angles are congruent, then they have equal angle
measures.
9. If m∠ILH = 38°, then m∠GLH = 52° because
5. a. conditional: If an animal is a puppy, then it is a they are complementary angles. If m∠ILH = 38°,
dog; true then m∠FLK = 38° because they are vertical
b. If an animal is a dog, then it is a puppy; false angles. If m∠GLH = 52°, then m∠KLJ = 52°
c. If an animal is not a puppy, then it is not a dog; because they are vertical angles.
false
2.1 Enrichment and Extension
d. If an animal is not a dog, then it is not a puppy;
true p q p∨ q p q  p ∧ q

6. true; By definition, the sum of two complementary T T T F F F

angles is 90°.
T F T F T F
7. false; The sides are not congruent. F T T T F F
8. An angle is obtuse if and only if the angle measure F F F T T T
is greater than 90° and less than 180°.

9. Two angles are supplementary if and only if the

 p ∨ q ( p ∨  q) ∧  p (  p ∧  q) ∨  q
sum of their angle measures is 180°.
F F F
10. yes; By definition, the negation of a true sentence is T F T
false, and the negation of a false sentence is true.
T T F
11. Sample answer: If two angles are not
complementary, then the sum of their angle T T T
measures is 180°.
2.1 Puzzle Time
A SPELLING BEE

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2.2 Start Thinking 14. P = ns
yes; Sample answer:
2.2 Practice B
Statement 1: “If I can go sledding, then there is snow on
1. The list items are letters in alphabetical order
the ground.”
followed by numbers in decreasing numerical order
Statement 2: “If there is snow on the ground, then it is starting with 26; D, 23
cold outside.”
Statement 3: “If I can go sledding, then it is cold 2. The pattern is a sequence of spider webs, each web
outside.”; true having one more row of webs than the previous
web.
2.2 Warm Up
1. 0.06; 0.27, 0.33 2. − 2.22; − 3.3, − 5.52

3. − 5; − 7, −12 4. 0.5; 3.9, 4.4

3. The sum of two absolute values is always positive;
5. 2; 8, 10 6. − 7; − 5, −12
Sample answer: − 3 + 7 = 3 + 7 = 10
2.2 Cumulative Review Warm Up
4. The product of a number and its square is the
1. 7.5 square units 2. 6 square units
number to the third power; Sample answer:
3. 12 square units 4. 24 square units (5)(5)2 = 5( 25) = 125 = 53

2.2 Practice A 5. If the angles are right, obtuse, or any acute angle
1. The next number is one more than twice the other than 45°, then they will not be complementary.
preceding number; 95, 191
6. not possible
2. The list items are letters in alphabetical order
followed by letters in reverse alphabetical order; 7. ∠AOB and ∠DOB share a common ray.
X, D
8. not possible
3. The difference of any two even integers is always
even. Sample answer: 36 − 16 = 20 9. If it is Tuesday, then you water the flowers.

4. The product of three negative numbers is always 10. deductive reasoning; The facts of mammals and
negative. Sample answer: ( − 2)( − 3)( − 5) = − 30 laws of logic were used to draw the conclusion.

11. inductive reasoning; The conjecture is based on the

5. The bisector of a straight angle creates two right assumption that a pattern will continue.
angles.
12. no; Based on the Law of Syllogism, a series of true
6. You got wet. 7. not possible conditional statements will always be true.
8. If you study, then you will pass the class. 13. Using inductive reasoning, you can make the
9. If a straight angle is bisected, then each angle is a
conjecture that organic produce costs more than
right angle. nonorganic produce because this was true in all of
the specific cases listed in the table.
10. Law of Syllogism
2.2 Enrichment and Extension
11. inductive reasoning; The conjecture is based on the 1. 7 guesses
assumption that the weather pattern will continue.
2. lengths in ft: Stage 1: 1, Stage 2: 34 , Stage 3: 16
9
,
12. deductive reasoning; The conjecture is based on the
fact that 92 × 14 = 1288, which is even. 64 ;
Stage 4: 27
The expression that models the

( 43 )
n −1
13. The Rocky Mountains are taller than the pattern of the length at a given stage is .
Appalachian Mountains.

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3. areas in ft 2 : Stage 1: 1, Stage 2: 89 , Stage 3: 64 , 8. Sample answer:
81
512 ;
Stage 4: 729
The expression that models that U
R

T
pattern of the shaded area at a given stage is V

( 89 )
n −1
. S

2.2 Puzzle Time

9. Sample answer:
LADY BUGS

2.3 Start Thinking D

Sample answer: doors, windows, scale, stairs, water

lines
A B
2.3 Warm Up C E

1. 148° 2. 25° 3. 31° 4. 72°

10. yes 11. no 12. yes
2.3 Cumulative Review Warm Up
13. no 14. yes
1. m∠ABD = 22°, m∠CBD = 22°
15. If three points are noncollinear, then there exists
2. m∠ABD = 85°, m∠CBD = 85° exactly one plane that contains them; converse: If
there exists exactly one plane that contains three
3. m∠ABD = 33°, m∠CBD = 33°
points, then the three points are noncollinear.
4. m∠ABD = 64°, m∠CBD = 64°
inverse: If three points are collinear, then there are
multiple planes that contain all three points.
2.3 Practice A contrapositive: If there are multiple planes that
contain three points, then the three points are
1. Sample answer: There is exactly one line through
collinear; The converse, inverse, and contrapositive
points C and H. are true.
2. Sample answer: Line  contains points G and D. 16. no; Three lines must intersect each other at three
  points.
3. Sample answer: CH and GE intersect at point D.
2.3 Practice B
4. Sample answer: Points B, H, and E are noncollinear 1. Sample answer: There is exactly one line through
and define plane M. points C and G.
5. Sample answer: Plane M contains the noncollinear 
2. Sample answer: EF contains points E and F.
points B, H, and E.

6. Sample answer: Points G and E lie in Plane M so, 3. Sample answer: CG and EF intersect at point J.

GE lies in plane M. 4. Sample answer: Plane A contains the noncollinear
points D, H, and I.
7. Sample answer:
5. Sample answer: Points E and F lie in plane B. So,
Y
Q 
G EF lies in plane B.

X
A H 6. Sample answer: Planes A and B intersect at CG.

7. Sample answer:

B
D

A C

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8. Sample answer: 8. A 9. Q
C

T B
B
D P
E C A
S
B X
A C

s F

9. no 10. yes 11. yes 12. no 

10. XC ; If two planes intersect, their intersection is a
13. converse: If two planes share a line, then the two line; Plane Intersection Postulate (Post. 2.7).
planes intersect. inverse: If two planes do not
intersect, then their intersection is not a line. 11. no; Points C, D, E, and X would all be collinear, but
 
contrapositive: If the intersection of two planes is line EX and CX intersect only at point X, so this is
not a line, then the two planes do not intersect; impossible.
The converse, inverse, and contrapositive are true.
12. no; This does not follow the Plane-Line Postulate
14. yes; Because three noncollinear points define a (Post. 2.6) because D lies in plane P but not in
plane, two points on a line define an infinite plane Q, and B lies in plane Q but not in plane P.
number of planes.
2.3 Puzzle Time
15. no; The line that passes through a point on a plane
does not lie in the plane unless there is another BECAUSE IT WOULD TAKE THE GEESE
point on the line that is also in the plane. FOREVER TO WALK

16. no; yes; Because of the Plane Line Postulate 2.4 Start Thinking

(Post. 2.6), EF only lies in plane Z when it Sample answer: One instance when it is necessary is
contains two points in plane Z. when there is a quotient containing the variable and
addition or subtraction in the numerator and a real
2.3 Enrichment and Extension number in the denominator;
1. There exists exactly one plane that contains both x + 4
= 20
lines m and n. −7
2. Line-Point Postulate (Post. 2.2); A line contains at
2.4 Warm Up
least two points.
1. Each side of the equation was subtracted by 23
3. Line Intersection Postulate (Post. 2.3); If two lines rather than added; f − 23 = −17;
intersect, then their intersection is exactly one point. f − 23 + 23 = −17 + 23; f = 6
4. Three Point Postulate (Post. 2.4); Through any three
2. Each side of the equation was divided by − 8,
non-collinear points, there exists exactly one plane.
8r 4 1
rather than 8; 8r = 4; = ;r =
5. Plane-Line Postulate (Post. 2.6); If two points lie in 8 8 2
a plane, then the line containing them lies in the
plane. 3. The right side of the equation was multiplied by 74

6. 7. rather than 74 ; 4m
7
= 22; ( 74 ) 74 m = ( 74 )22;
M
m = 38.5
D
r
C 4. Each side of the equation was multiplied by 6,
a b c
s n 6  n
rather than − 6; − = 3; − •  −  = − 6 • 3;
6 1  6
n = −18

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2.4 Cumulative Review Warm Up 5. Equation Explanation and Reason
1. ∠ADC , ∠ADB, ∠BDC V = πr h 2 Write the equation; Given
V Divide each side by π r 2 ;
2. ∠EHG, ∠EHF , ∠GHF = h
πr2 Division Property of Equality
2.4 Practice A V Rewrite the equation;
h =
1. Equation Explanation and Reason π r2 Symmetric Property of Equality
3x + 4 = 31 Write the equation; Given
6. Equation Explanation and Reason
3x = 27 Subtract 4 from each side;
S = π rs + π r 2 Write the equation;
Subtraction Property of Equality
Given
x = 9 Divide each side by 3;
S − π r 2 = π rs Subtract π r 2 from
Division Property of Equality
each side; Subtraction
Property of Equality
2. Equation Explanation and Reason
S − π r2 Divide each side by π r ;
3( 2 x + 1) = 15 Write the equation; Given = s
πr Division Property of
6 x + 3 = 15 Multiply; Distributive Property Equality
6 x = 12 Subtract 3 from each side; S − π r2 Rewrite the equation;
Subtraction Property s = Symmetric Property
of Equality πr
of Equality
x = 2 Divide each side by 6;
Division Property of Equality 7. Multiplication Property of Equality

3. Equation Explanation and 8. Transitive Property of Equality

Reason
9. 30° + m∠K 10. GH 11. 3x; 21
1
2 (16 x − 8) = 2( x + 16) Write the equation;
Given 12. Equation Explanation and
8 x − 4 = 2 x + 32 Multiply; Distributive Reason
Property A = 2w + 2h Write the equation;
6 x = 36 Add 4 to each side + 2hw Given
and subtract 2 x from A − 2h = 2w + 2hw Subtract 2h from
each side; Addition each side; Subtraction
and Subtraction Property of Equality
Properties of Equality A − 2h = w( 2 + 2h) Factor w;
x = 6 Divide each side by 6; Distributive Property
Division Property of A − 2h Divide each side by
Equality = w
2 + 2 h 2 + 2h; Division
Property of Equality
4. Equation Explanation and Reason
A − 2h Rewrite the equation;
p = 2v Write the equation; Given w =
2 + 2h Symmetric Property
p Divide each side by 2; of Equality
= v
2 Division Property of Equality
w = 3 in.
p Rewrite the equation;
v =
2 Symmetric Property of Equality 13. P = 22 units; Commutative and Addition
Properties of Equality

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2.4 Practice B 4. Equation Explanation and
1. Equation Explanation and Reason Reason
3( x − 4) + 3 = x − 2 Write the equation; 1 2 Write the
E = mv + 9.8mh
Given 2 equation; Given
3x − 12 + 3 = x − 2 Multiply; Distributive 1 2 Subtract 12 mv 2
E − mv = 9.8mh
Property 2 from each side;
2x = 7 Add 9 to each side and Subtraction
subtract x from each side; Property of
Addition and Subtraction Equality
Properties of Equality E − 12 mv 2 Divide each side
= h by 9.8m; Division
x = 3.5 Divide each side by 2; 9.8m
Division Property of Property of
Equality Equality
E − 12 mv 2 Rewrite the
2. Equation Explanation and h = equation;
9.8m
Reason Symmetric
−1( x + 5) = 3 x + ( 2 x − 1) Write the Property of
equation; Given Equality
− x − 5 = 3( x + 2 x − 1) Multiply; 5. Multiplication and Subtraction Properties of
Distributive Equality
Property
− x − 5 = 3x + 6 x − 3 Multiply; 6. Transitive and Addition Properties of Equality
Distributive
7. 60° 8. 3x + y = 5x − 2 y
Property
−10 x = 2 Add 5 to each side 9. Equation Explanation and Reason
and subtract 9x
1 Write the equation;
from each side; V = bh
2 Given
Addition and
Subtraction 2V Multiply each side by 2 and divide
= b
Properties of h each side by hl ; Multiplication and
Equality Division Properties of Equality
x = − 0.2 Divide each side 2V Rewrite the equation; Symmetric
b =
by 10; Division h Property of Equality
Property of b = 8m
Equality
10. Sample answer: m∠BCD = 65° so
3. Equation Explanation and Reason m∠GCF = 65° and m∠FCD = 115°, so
1 Write the equation; m∠FCE = m∠DCE = 57.5°
I = mr 2
2 Given
2 I = mr 2 Multiply each side by 2;
Multiplication Property of Equality
2I Divide each side by r 2 ;
= m
r2 Division Property of Equality
2I Rewrite the equation;
m =
r2 Symmetric Property of Equality

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2.4 Enrichment and Extension c. r = 2%
1. 10.24
d. c = ≈ 9.85; Solve the formula
1.04
STATEMENTS REASONS
n
n = c(1 + r ), for r to yield − 1 = r.
n c
1. S = 2a + ( n − 1) d  1. Given
2 Substitute n = 10.24 and r = 0.04 into the
2 10.24
2. S • = 2a + ( n − 1) d  equation to yield − 1 = 0.04. Using the
2. Multiplication c
n Property of Equality Addition Property of Equality, add 1 to each side
S2 10.24
3. − ( n − 1) d = 2 a 3. Subtraction Property to obtain = 1.04. Next, multiply by c and
n c
of Equality
10.24
divide by 1.04 to obtain c = ≈ 9.85.
S (n − 1) d 1.04
4. − = a 4. Division Property
n 2 of Equality 2.4 Puzzle Time
MAKE APPLESAUCE
2.
2.5 Start Thinking
STATEMENTS REASONS
1 2
1. V = π h (3r − h) 1. Given
3

2. 3V = π h2 (3r − h) 2. Multiplication The formula for the area of a triangle is derived directly
Property of Equality from the formula for the area of a rectangle. By
3V drawing a diagonal, the rectangle is now split into two
3. = 3r − h 3. Division Property congruent triangles. So, each triangle is half the area of
π h2 of Equality the rectangle, and the formula for the area of a triangle
3V is A = 12 bh.
4. + h = 3r 4. Addition Property
π h2 of Equality 2.5 Warm Up
V h 1. complement: 31°, supplement: 121°
5. + = r 5. Division Property
πh 2
3 of Equality 2. complement: 70°, supplement: 160°

3. complement: 37°, supplement: 127°

3. a. Given
b. Addition Property of Equality 4. complement: 67.4°, supplement: 157.4°
c. Multiplication Property of Equality
5. complement: 62°, supplement: 152°
d. Simplify.
e. Distributive Property 6. complement: 16°, supplement: 106°
f. Subtraction Property of Equality
2.5 Cumulative Review Warm Up
g. Distributive Property
1. ∠BEC , ∠DEC 2. 83°
4. a. n = c (1 + r )
3. 139° 4. 90°
b. n = c (1 + r ) Given
2.5 Practice A
n
= 1+ r Division Property of Equality 1. Symmetric Property of Segment Congruence
c
n 2. Reflexive Property of Angle Congruence
−1 = r Subtraction Property of Equality
c

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3. STATEMENTS REASONS 2.5 Practice B
STATEMENTS REASONS
1. ∠ A ≅ ∠B 1. Given
1.
1. AB ≅ CD 1. Given
2. m∠A = m∠B 2. Definition of
congruent angles 2. AB = CD 2. Definition of
3. m∠B = m∠A 3. Symmetric Property congruent segments
of Equality 3. CD = AB 3. Symmetric Property
4. ∠ B ≅ ∠A 4. Definition of of Equality
congruent angles 4. Definition of
4. CD ≅ AB
congruent segments
4. STATEMENTS REASONS
1. AB = AB 1. Reflexive Property 2. STATEMENTS REASONS
of Equality
1. ∠A ≅ ∠B 1. Given
2. AB ≅ AB 2. Definition of
congruent segments ∠B ≅ ∠C
2. m∠A = m∠B 2. Definition of
5. STATEMENTS REASONS m∠B = m∠C congruent angles

1. BF bisects ∠AFC 1. Given 3. m∠A = m∠C 3. Transitive Property
of Equality
2. ∠AFB ≅ ∠BFC 2. Definition of
angle bisector 4. ∠A ≅ ∠C 4. Definition of
congruent angles
3. ∠CFD ≅ ∠BFC 3. Given
4. ∠BFC ≅ ∠CFD 4. Symmetric Property
of Angle Congruence 3. STATEMENTS REASONS
(Thm. 2.2) 1. Given
1. E bisects AI
5. ∠AFB ≅ ∠CFD 5. Transitive Property
of Angle Congruence BC bisects AE
(Thm. 2.2) FH bisects EI

2. AE ≅ EI 2. Definition of midpoint
6. STATEMENTS REASONS
AD ≅ DE
1. AG bisects CD 1. Given
EG ≅ GI
IJ bisects CE 3. AE = EI 3. Definition of
BH bisects ED AD = DE congruent segments

2. CE = ED 2. Definition of EG = GI
CK = KE segment bisector
4. AD + AD = AE 4. Segment Addition
EF = FD EG + EG = EI Postulate (Post. 1.2)
3. 2 KE = CE 3. Definition of 5. 2 AD = AE 5. Properties of Addition
2 FD = ED segment bisector
2 EG = EI
4. 2 KE = 2 FD 4. Transitive Property 6. 2 AD = 2 EG 6. Substitution Property
of Equality of Equality
5. KE = FD 5. Division Property 7. AD = EG 7. Division Property
of Equality of Equality
6. KE ≅ FD 6. Definition of 8. AD ≅ EG 8. Definition of
congruent segments congruent segments

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4. 2.5 Enrichment and Extension
1. RT = z;
STATEMENTS REASONS
1. m∠KMN = 28° 1. Given STATEMENTS REASONS

2. m∠KMN + m∠JMK 2. Definition of 1. T is the midpoint 1. Given

= 90° complementary of RS.
angles
2. RT ≅ TS 2. Definition of
3. 28° + m∠JMK 3. Substitution Property midpoint
= 90° of Equality
3. RT = TS 3. Definition of
4. m∠JMK = 62° 4. Subtraction Property congruent segments
of Equality 4. TS = z 4. Given
5. m∠PTS = 118° 5. Given 5. RT = z 5. Substitution Property
6. m∠PTS + m∠STR 6. Definition of of Equality

= 180° supplementary
angles
2. 2 z = RS ;
7. 118° + m∠STR 7. Substitution Property
= 180° of Equality STATEMENTS REASONS

8. m∠STR = 62° 8. Subtraction Property 1. T is the midpoint 1. Given

of Equality of RS.
9. m∠JMK = m∠STR 9. Transitive Property 2. RT ≅ TS 2. Definition of
of Equality midpoint
10. ∠JMK ≅ ∠STR 10. Definition of 3. RT = TS 3. Definition of
congruent angles congruent segments
4. TS = z 4. Given
5.
5. RT = z 5. Transitive Property
STATEMENTS REASONS
6. RT + TS = RS 6. Segment Addition
1. ∠ADC ≅ ∠BDE 1. Given Postulate (Post. 1.2)
2. m∠ADC = m∠BDE 2. Definition of 7. z + z = RS 7. Substitution Property
congruent angles of Equality
3. m∠ADC + m∠ADE 3. Definition of 8. 2z = RS 8. Simplify.
= 180° supplementary
angles
4. m∠BDC + m∠BDE 4. Definition of
= 180° supplementary
angles
5. m∠ADC + m∠ADE 5. Transitive Property
= m∠BDC + m∠BDE of Equality

6. m∠ADC + m∠ADE 6. Substitution Property

= m∠BDC + m∠ADC of Equality

7. m∠ADE = m∠BDC 7. Subtraction Property

of Equality
8. ∠ADE ≅ ∠BDC 8. Definition of
congruent angles

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z 6.
3. RW = ;
2
STATEMENTS REASONS
STATEMENTS REASONS 1. m∠ZYQ = 45° 1. Given
1. T is the midpoint 1. Given
2. m∠ZQP = 45° 2. Given
of RS.
3. m∠ZYQ = m∠ZQP 3. Substitution
2. RT ≅ TS 2. Definition of Property of
midpoint Equality
3. RT = TS 3. Definition of 4. ∠ZYQ ≅ ∠ZQP 4. Definition of
congruent segments congruent angles
4. TS = z 4. Given 5. m∠XYQ + m∠ZYQ 5. Definition of
= 180° linear pair
5. RT = z 5. Transitive Property
6. W is the midpoint 6. Given 6. m∠ZQP + m∠ZQR 6. Definition of
of RT . = 180° linear pair

7. RW ≅ WT 7. Definition of 7. m∠XYQ + m∠ZYQ 7. Substitution

midpoint = m∠ZQP + m∠ZQR Property of
Equality
8. RW = WT 8. Definition of
congruent segments 8. m∠XYQ + m∠ZQP 8. Substitution
= m∠ZQP + m∠ZQR Property of
9. RW + WT = RT 9. Segment Addition
Equality
Postulate (Post. 1.2)
9. m∠XYQ = m∠ZQR 9. Subtraction
10. RW + RW = RT 10. Substitution Property
Property of
of Equality
Equality
11. 2RW = RT 11. Simplify.
10. ∠XYQ ≅ ∠ZQR 10. Definition of
RT congruent angles
12. RW = 12. Division Property
2 of Equality
2.5 Puzzle Time
z
13. RW = 13. Substitution Property THEY ALL DO
2 of Equality
2.6 Start Thinking

3a + b
4. coordinate of point P: ; coordinate of
4
5a + 3b
point Q: . Straight Obtuse Right Acute
8 Angle Angle Angle Angle

5. a. x = 10, y = 2
Sample answer: factoring polynomials
b. x = 18, y = 8 2.6 Warm Up
1. x = 9 2. y = 35 3. x = − 5

4. y = − 9 5. x = − 7 6. x = − 7

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2.6 Cumulative Review Warm Up 5. STATEMENTS REASONS
1. 2. 1. Given
N
C D E 1. ∠1 and ∠2 are
supplementary.
∠1 and ∠3 are
supplementary.
2. m∠1 + m∠2 = 180° 2. Definition of
m∠1 + m∠3 = 180° supplementary
angles
3. 4.
P D 3. m∠1 + m∠ 2 3. Transitive
= m∠1 + m∠3 Property of Angle
Q F Congruence
C (Thm. 2.2)
4. m∠2 = m∠3 4. Subtraction
Property of
Equality
5. 6. 5. ∠2 ≅ ∠3 5. Definition of
L
Q
congruent angles
N N

M
M Proof: Because ∠1 and ∠2 are supplementary and
P ∠1 and ∠3 are supplementary, m∠1 + m∠2 = 180°
and m∠1 + m∠3 = 180° by the definition of
supplementary angles. By the Transitive Property
2.6 Practice A of Angle Congruence (Thm. 2.2),
m∠1 + m∠2 = m∠1 + m∠3. By the Subtraction
1. ∠A ≅ ∠BDC , ∠BDC ≅ ∠EDF , ∠A ≅ ∠EDF ,
Property of Equality, m∠2 = m∠3. So,
∠CDF ≅ ∠BDE; ∠ A ≅ ∠BDC by definition
∠2 ≅ ∠3 by the definition of congruent angles.
because they have the same measure.
∠BDC ≅ ∠EDF by the Vertical Angles 2.6 Practice B
Congruence Theorem (Thm. 2.6). ∠ A ≅ ∠ EDF by
1. ∠D ≅ ∠B, ∠DAC ≅ ∠ACB, ∠BAC ≅ ∠ACD,
the Transitive Property. ∠CDF ≅ ∠BDE by the ∠BAD ≅ ∠BCD, ∠D ≅ ∠BAC , ∠B ≅ ∠BAD,
Vertical Angles Congruence Theorem (Thm. 2.6).
∠D ≅ ∠BCD, and ∠B ≅ ∠BCD; ∠ D ≅ ∠ B
by the Right Angles Congruence Theorem
2. ∠1 ≅ ∠4, ∠2 ≅ ∠5, ∠3 ≅ ∠6, ∠2 ≅ ∠3,
(Thm. 2.3). ∠DAC ≅ ∠ACB and ∠BAC ≅ ∠ACD
∠2 ≅ ∠6, ∠3 ≅ ∠5, ∠5 ≅ ∠6; ∠1 ≅ ∠4,
by definition because they have the same measures.
∠2 ≅ ∠5, and ∠3 ≅ ∠ 6 by the Vertical Angles Because m∠DAC + m∠BAC = 90° and by
Congruence Theorem (Thm. 2.6). ∠2 ≅ ∠3 by the Angle Addition Postulate (Post. 1.4),
definition because they have the same measure. ∠DAC + ∠BAC ≅ ∠DAB and m∠DAB = 90°.
∠2 ≅ ∠ 6 and ∠3 ≅ ∠5 by the Transitive By the same reasoning, m∠BCD = 90°. So,
Property of Angle Congruence (Thm. 2.2). ∠BAD ≅ ∠BCD by the Right Angles Congruence
∠5 ≅ ∠ 6 by substitution. Theorem (Thm. 2.3). ∠D ≅ ∠BAD,
∠B ≅ ∠BAD, ∠D ≅ ∠BCD, and ∠B ≅ ∠BCD
3. x = 13, y = 8 4. x = 5, y = 19 by the Transitive Property.

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2. ∠1 ≅ ∠3, ∠2 ≅ ∠4, ∠1 ≅ ∠5, ∠2 ≅ ∠6, 7. STATEMENTS REASONS
∠4 ≅ ∠ 6; ∠1 ≅ ∠3, and ∠2 ≅ ∠ 4 by the 1. Given
1. AB ⊥ BD
Vertical Angles Congruence Theorem (Thm. 2.6).
∠1 ≅ ∠5 by definition because they have the same ED ⊥ BD
angle measure. Because ∠1 and ∠2 form a linear 2. ∠ABD is a right angle. 2. Definition of
pair and ∠5 and ∠6 form a linear pair, perpendicular
∠EDB is a right angle.
m∠1 + m∠2 = 180° and m∠5 + m∠6 = 180° lines
by the Linear Pair Postulate (Post. 2.8). So, by
3. m∠ABD = 90° 3. Definition of
the Congruent Supplements Theorem (Thm. 2.4), right angle
∠2 ≅ ∠6. Because ∠1 and ∠4 form a linear m∠EDB = 90°
pair and ∠5 and ∠6 form a linear pair, 4. m∠ABC + m∠CBD 4. Angle
m∠1 + m∠4 = 180° and m∠5 + m∠6 = 180° Addition
= 90°
by the Linear Pair Postulate (Post. 2.8). So, by Postulate
the Congruent Supplements Theorem (Thm. 2.4), m∠EDC + m∠CDB (Post. 1.4)
∠4 ≅ ∠6. = 90°

3. x = 8, y = 186 4. x = 4, y = 184 5. ∠ABC ≅ ∠EDC 5. Given

6. m∠ABC = m∠EDC 6. Definition of
5. congruent
is is angles
a right a right
angle. 7. m∠ABC + m∠CBD 7. Substitution
angle.
Vertical Angles
= m∠EDC + m∠CDB Property of
Given Congruence
Theorem
Right Angle Equality
Congruence
(Thm. 2.6) Right Angle
Theorem
(Thm. 2.3)
Congruence 8. m∠EDC + m∠CBD 8. Substitution
Theorem Property of
(Thm. 2.3) = m∠EDC + m∠CDB
Equality
is
a right 9. m∠CBD = m∠CDB 9. Subtraction
angle. Definition of a is Property of
right angle a right
Given
angle.
Equality
Subtraction
Property of Definition 10. ∠CBD ≅ ∠CDB 10. Definition of
are Equality of a right congruent
supplementary. angle
angles
Given Definition of
supplementary
angles

Because ∠1 is a right angle and ∠1 ≅ ∠3 by the

Vertical Angles Congruence Theorem (Thm. 2.6),
∠1 ≅ ∠3 by the Right Angle Congruence
Theorem (Thm. 2.3). Because ∠5 is a right angle,
m∠5 = 90°. ∠5 and ∠8 are supplementary angles
so, m∠5 + m∠8 = 180° by the definition of
supplementary angles. By the Subtraction Property
of Equality, m∠8 = 90°. So, ∠8 is a right angle
by the definition of a right angle. Because
∠3 and ∠8 are right angles, ∠3 ≅ ∠8 by the
Right Angles Congruence Theorem (Thm. 2.3).

2.6 Enrichment and Extension

1. false 2. true 3. false

4. false 5. true 6. true

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8. STATEMENTS REASONS 9. STATEMENTS REASONS
1. m∠WYZ = m∠TWZ 1. Given 1. The hexagon is 1. Given
= 45° regular.
2. All interior angles 2. Definition of
2. ∠TWZ and ∠SWZ 2. Definition of
of the hexagon are regular hexagon
are a linear pair. linear pair
congruent.
∠WYZ and ∠XYW 3. ∠1 is congruent 3. Vertical Angles
are a linear pair. to an interior angle Congruence
3. ∠TWZ and ∠SWZ 3. Linear Pair of the hexagon. Theorem
Postulate (Thm. 2.6)
are supplementary.
(Post. 2.8) 4. ∠ 2 is supplementary 4. Linear Pair
∠WYZ and ∠XYW
to an interior angle Postulate
are supplementary.
of the hexagon. (Post. 2.8)
4. m∠TWZ + m∠SWZ 4. Definition of
5. ∠2 is supplementary 5. Substitution
= 180° supplementary
to ∠1.
angles
m∠WYZ + m∠XYW 6. m∠1 + m∠2 = 180° 6. Definition of
= 180° supplementary
angles
5. m∠TWZ + m∠SWZ 5. Transitive
= m∠WYZ + m∠XYW Property of
Equality 2.6 Puzzle Time
6. 45° + m∠SWZ 6. Substitution MAKE SURE ONE OF THEM IS A MATCH
= 45° + m∠XYW Property of
Equality Cumulative Review
1. Each additional figure has an additional inscribed
7. m∠SWZ = m∠XYW 7. Subtraction
Property of equilateral triangle in the previous triangle.
Equality
8. ∠SWZ ≅ ∠XYW 8. Definition of
congruent
angles

2. Each additional figure has a bottom row containing

one more solid circle than the previous figure.

3. Each additional figure is the same rectangle with

one more equal division.

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4. Add 2 starting at 2; 10, 12 62. − 9 63. 9 64. 16 65. −16

5. Add 3 starting at 1; 13, 16 66. 16 67. 100 68. 1,000,000

6. Add 13 starting at 4; 56, 69

69. − 32 70. 3 5 71. 2 6 72. 5 5
7. Add 9 starting at 7; 43, 52
73. 2 7 74. 4 3 75. 4 2 76. 5 2
8. Multiply by 32 starting at 2; 81 , 243
8 16
77. 5 6 78. 4 10 79. 10 2 80. 8 3
3 243 , 729
9. Multiply by 4
starting at 3; 256 1024
81. 6 2 82. 6 3 83. 5 3 84. 7 3
10. Increase what you add by 1 each term. Start at 1
and start by adding 2; 15, 21 85. 2 5 86. 32 87. 73 88. 32

11. Increase what you add by 1 each term. Start at 2

and start by adding 3; 20, 27 2 5 3 4 7
89. 56 90. 91. 92.
5 3 7
12. a. 88 ft b. 468 ft 2
6
13. a. 54 in. b. 216 in. 93. 94. x = 7 95. x = − 3
2
14. 79 15. 4 16. − 29 17. − 5
96. x = 9 97. x = − 6 98. x = 2

18. 11 19. −160 20. − 22 21. 29

99. x = 5 100. x = − 6 101. x = 32

22. 44 23. − 75 24. 14 25. − 60

102. x = 14 103. x = − 2 104. x = 3

26. 24 27. 5 28. 11

105. x = 3 106. x = − 5 107. x = 2
29. − 7 s + 16 30. 27c − 19 31. 7 g + 9
108. x = 3 109. x = 7 110. x = −1
32. −16 x + 7 33. 5m + 5 34. 10r + 3
111. x = 7
35. 6 j 36. 26a − 42 37. 7 f − 23
112. a. The chair is not wood.

38. 6 y − 10 39. − 2b − 2 40. 8k − 5 b. The rug is brown.

113. a. The photograph is in color.

41. w − 2 42. 3g + 6 43. p + 3
b. Your homework is not finished.
44. b = 5 45. m = 7 46. k = 19
114. a. It is not cold outside.
47. p = 15 48. a = − 4 49. x = 3 b. The bicycle is green.

50. r = − 22 51. h = 9 52. w = 42 115. x2 + 8 x + 16 116. x2 − 4 x + 4

53. t = − 22 54. c = − 3 55. e = − 7 117. x2 − 6 x + 9 118. x 2 − 2 x + 1

56. a. 5 lunches b. 10 lunches c. $27.75 119. x 2 + 18 x + 81 120. x2 − 26 x + 169

d. $9.25 e. $37
121. 4 x2 + 16 x + 16 122. 9 x 2 − 6 x + 1
57. a. 7 push-ups b. 9 push-ups c. day 8
d. day 11 123. 25 x 2 + 60 x + 36 124. 25 x2 − 10 x + 1

58. 64 59. − 64 60. 32 61. 25 125. 9 x 2 + 48 x + 64 126. 4 x2 − 16 x + 16

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127. ( x + 2)( x − 7) 128. ( x − 12)( x + 11) Chapter 3
3.1 Start Thinking
129. ( x − 7)( x + 4) 130. ( x − 5)( x − 3)
B
131. ( x − 2)( x − 3) 132. ( x + 4)( x − 9)

133. ( x + 1)( x − 1) 134. ( x + 3)( x − 3)

A C
135. ( x + 5)( x − 5) 136. (2 x − 3)( x + 4)
137. (3x − 5)( x − 7) 138. (5x + 2)( x + 4) right triangle; no; no; Because points B and C connect
perpendicular lines, you cannot plot either point to
139. x = − 8 and x = − 3
make a perpendicular segment or a parallel segment.

3.1 Warm Up
140. x = − 6 and x = 2 
1. Sample answer: BC 2. GE
141. x = −12 and x = 1 
3. CG 4. AB , BC , BD
142. x = − 9 and x = − 8  
5. Sample answer: FE and FG
143. x = − 5 and x = 4
6. Sample answer: D
144. x = −10 and x = − 7
3.1 Cumulative Review Warm Up
145. x = − 3 and x = 1 1. K ( 4, 11) 2. J ( − 27, −18) 3. K ( 21, − 2)

146. x = − 5 and x = 2 3.1 Practice A

   
147. x = −11 and x = 1 1. AB and CD 2. AC and CD
 
3. no; AB  CD and by the Parallel Postulate (Post.
148. x = − 32 and x = 5 
3.1), there is exactly one line parallel to AB through
149. x = − 54 and x = 3
point C.

4. no; They are intersecting lines.

150. x = − 13 and x = 72
5. ∠2 and ∠8, ∠3 and ∠5
151. a. 7 words per min
6. ∠1 and ∠7, ∠4 and ∠6
b. 87.5 words
c. 105 words 7. ∠1 and ∠5, ∠2 and ∠6, ∠3 and ∠7, ∠4 and ∠8
d. 17.5 words
8. ∠2 and ∠5, ∠3 and ∠8

9. no; By definition, skew lines are not coplaner.

10. 2 pairs; 4 pairs; ( 2 n − 2) pairs

   

11. a. AB and CD , AC and BD
   
b. AC and CD , BD and CD
c. ∠2 and ∠5, ∠3 and ∠8

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