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Chapter - 4 Error Detection and Debugging

The document discusses error detection and debugging in programming, particularly in high-level languages like Python. It outlines the types of errors (compile errors, run-time errors, and logical errors) and their handling through exception handling techniques such as try and except clauses. Additionally, it describes debugging methods including print line debugging and the use of debugging tools to trace code execution and identify issues.

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2 views14 pages

Chapter - 4 Error Detection and Debugging

The document discusses error detection and debugging in programming, particularly in high-level languages like Python. It outlines the types of errors (compile errors, run-time errors, and logical errors) and their handling through exception handling techniques such as try and except clauses. Additionally, it describes debugging methods including print line debugging and the use of debugging tools to trace code execution and identify issues.

Uploaded by

nakul18209
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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ERROR DETECTION AND

DEBUGGING
-Nirali Purohit
Generally, the programs
developed in high level
language like C, C++, Java
etc.,cannot understand by
the computer . It can
understand only low level
language. So, the program
written in high level
language to be converted
into low level language to
make it understandable for
the computer. This
conversion is performed
using either Interpreter or
Compiler.The basic flow of
any program execution is
shown in diagram.

In python IDLE program is executed from run module option of run menu
Debugging means the process of finding errors, finding reasons of
errors and techniques of their fixation.
An error, also known as a bug, is a programming code that prevents a
program from its successful interpretation.
Errors are of three types –
• Compile Error
• Run Time Error
• Logical Error
Compile time error :
These errors are basically of 2 types –
Syntax Error :Violation of formal rules of a programming language results in syntax error.
For ex:

len('hello') = 5

SyntaxError: can't assign to function call

Semantics Error: Semantics refers to the set of rules which sets the meaning of
statements. A meaningless statement results in semantics error.
For ex:

 x+y=z
 SyntaxError: can't assign to operator
Logical Error
If a program is not showing any compile time error or run time
error but not producing desired output, it may be possible that
program is having a logical error.
Some example-
• Use a variable without an initial value.
• Provide wrong parameters to a function
• Use of wrong operator in place of correct operator required
for operation
x=a+b (here – was required in place of + as per requirement
Run time Error
These errors are generated during a program execution due to
resource limitation.
Python is having provision of checkpoints to handle these errors.
For ex
a=10
b=int(input(“enter a number”))
c=a/b

Value of b to be entered at run time and user may enter 0 at


run time, that may cause run time error, because any number
can’t be divided by 0
Run time Error
In Python, try and except clauses are used to handle
an exception/runtime error which is known as
exception handling

# code with probability of exception will be written here.


try:
a=10
b=int(input(“enter a number”))
c=a/b
except:
print(“Divide by zero error in the code”)
Try block with specific error in except part as below code:
• One except is checking for zero division and default except for any other error.
• Default error should be the last statement:
• If instead of 2 a non initialized variable is written, say z, execution will go to except block

Output: Zero Division Error Output: Other Error


 Available exception in python

Exception Name Description


IOError This exception generates due to problem in input or output.
NameError This exception generates due to unavailability of an identifier.
IndexError This exception generates when subscript of a sequence is out of range.
ImportError
This exception generates due to failing of import statement.

TypeError
This exception generates due to wrong type used with an operator or a function.
ValueError This exception generates due to wrong argument passed to a function.

ZeroDivisionError
This exception generates when divisor comes to zero.

OverFlowError This exception generates when result of a mathematical calculation exceeds the
limit.
KeyError This exception generates due to non-availability of key in mapping of dictionary.

FOFError This exception generates when end-of-file condition comes without reading
input of a built in function.
In python debugging can be done through
• Print line debugger
• Debugging tool
Print line debugger
• Python Debugger: pdb
– insert the following in your program to set a breakpoint
– when your code hits these lines, it’ll stop running and launch an interactive prompt for you to
inspect variables, step through the program, etc.
Create a.py file with below code and run it in python use n to step
next line.
num_list = [500, 600, 700]
alpha_list = ['x', 'y', 'z']

import pdb
import pdb
pdb.set_trace()
pdb.set_trace() #debugging code • n to step to the next line in
def nested_loop(): the current function
for number in num_list: • s to step into a function
print(number) for • c to continue to the next
letter in alpha_list: breakpoint
print(letter)

if __name__ == '__main__':
nested_loop()

While executing above code whole program will be traced.


Debuggertool
Another technique for removing an error is code tracing. In this technique, lines are to
be executed one by one and their effect on variables is to be observed. Debugging tool
or debugger tool is provided in Python for this.
In Python3.6.5, to make debugger tool available, click on debugger option in debug
menu.
Then, a box will be opened and a message will come saying DEBUG CONTROL

ON
Open our program from file menu and run it:
It will than shown like this in debugger.

Click on STEP button for each line execution one by one and result
will be displayed in output window. When we will get wrong
value, we can stop the program there and can correct the code.

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