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Data Parallelism

Data parallelism in data warehouses enhances performance by distributing data processing tasks across multiple processors or machines. It includes horizontal and vertical parallelism, intraquery and interquery parallelism, and various architectures such as shared-disk, shared-memory, and shared-nothing. While it offers advantages like improved performance and scalability, it also presents challenges such as complexity in data distribution and potential resource contention.

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2 views5 pages

Data Parallelism

Data parallelism in data warehouses enhances performance by distributing data processing tasks across multiple processors or machines. It includes horizontal and vertical parallelism, intraquery and interquery parallelism, and various architectures such as shared-disk, shared-memory, and shared-nothing. While it offers advantages like improved performance and scalability, it also presents challenges such as complexity in data distribution and potential resource contention.

Uploaded by

yuvan.yuvan2004
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Data Parallelism:

Database parallelism in a data warehouse means splitting data processing tasks


across multiple processors or machines to handle large datasets and complex
queries faster and more efficiently.

Types of Database Parallelism:


 Parallelism in databases speeds up query execution by using more resources and
manages larger workloads without delays by increasing parallel processing.

 It is implemented using architectures like shared-memory, shared-disk, shared-


nothing, and hierarchical structures.

(a)Horizontal Parallelism:

Horizontal parallelism in a data warehouse splits data rows across nodes to process the
same task simultaneously, boosting performance.

(b)Vertical Parallelism:

Vertical parallelism in a data warehouse runs different tasks, like scanning or sorting,
simultaneously to improve efficiency.
Intraquery Parallelism:
• Defines execution of a single query in parallel on multiple processors and
disks.
• Essential for speeding up long-running queries.
• DBMS vendors use intraquery parallelism to improve performance.
• Decomposes serial SQL query into lower-level operations like scan, join, sort,
and aggregation.
• Lower-level operations are executed concurrently in parallel.

Interquery Parallelism:
• Interquery parallelism allows multiple queries or transactions to execute in
parallel.
• Database vendors use parallel hardware architectures to handle large client
requests efficiently.
• Successful implementation on SMP systems increases throughput and
supports more concurrent users.

Shared Disk Architecture:


• Implements shared ownership of the entire database between RDBMS
servers.
• Each server can read, write, update, and delete information from the same
shared database.
• DLM components can be found in hardware, operating system, and separate
software layer.
• Reduces performance bottlenecks from data skew and increases system
availability.
• Eliminates memory access bottleneck of large SMP systems and reduces
DBMS dependency on data partitioning.
Shared-Memory Architecture:
Shared-Memory RDBMS Implementation
• Traditional RDBMS implementation on SMP hardware.
• Simple to implement, but faces scalability limitations.
• Single RDBMS server can apply all processors, access all memory, and the
entire database.
• Multiple database components communicate via shared memory.
• All processors have access to all data partitioned across local disks.

Shared-Nothing Architecture:
• Data partitioned across all disks.
• DBMS partitioned across multiple co-servers.
• Each node owns its disk and database partition.
• Parallelizes SQL query execution across multiple processing nodes.
• Each processor communicates with other processors via interconnection
network.
• Optimized for Multi-Process-Performer-Node (MPP) and cluster systems.
• Offers near-linear scalability, with each node capable of being a powerful
SMP system.

Application of Data Parallelism:

 Query Processing: Parallel execution of queries on large datasets to improve


performance.
 Data Aggregation: Distributing data across nodes to perform aggregations
simultaneously.
 ETL Processes: Dividing ETL tasks (Extract, Transform, Load) into smaller,
parallelizable units.
 Indexing and Searching: Splitting indexing tasks to quickly process large volumes of
data.

Advantages:

1. Improved Performance: Faster query execution by processing data in parallel.


2. Scalability: Efficiently handles large volumes of data as workloads can be distributed.
3. Better Resource Utilization: Makes full use of available CPU, memory, and disk
resources.
4. Reduced Processing Time: Divides tasks into smaller units, significantly reducing
overall processing time.

Disadvantages:

1. Complexity in Data Distribution: Proper partitioning and managing data across


nodes can be complex.
2. Overhead for Small Tasks: For small datasets, the overhead of managing parallelism
may outweigh the benefits.
3. Data Skew Issues: Uneven data distribution can lead to performance bottlenecks.
4. Resource Contention: Multiple processes may compete for limited resources,
potentially causing delays.

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