DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

QUESTION BANK
Subject Name VIRTUALIZATION Subject Code CCS372
Department Computer Science & Engineering Year/Sem III/VI
Faculty S. Duraimurugan

UNIT III NETWORK VIRTUALIZATION

PART A

What is known as network virtualization?

Network Virtualization (NV) refers to abstracting network resources that were
1. traditionally delivered in hardware to software. NV can combine multiple physical
networks to one virtual, software-based network, or it can divide one physical network
into separate, independent virtual networks.
How does network virtualization work?
The central element of network virtualization is the network hypervisor. The hypervisor
2. provides the essential abstraction layer along with monitoring and management
capabilities. Administrators can use these capabilities to create, provision and manage
virtual networks through software.
List the key elements of network virtualization.
Network virtualization typically encompasses the following components:
3.  a network hypervisor;
 controller software;
 host protocols, such as Virtual Extensible LAN (VXLAN);
What are the challenges of network virtualization?
 Virtual network sprawl
 Considerations of changes in network architecture
4.  Lack of collaboration between teams
 Potential skills gap
 Shifting visibility into networks
 Added complexity due to automation and AI
What are virtual networks?
A virtual network connects virtual machines and devices, no matter their location, using
5.
software. In a physical network, layer 2 and 3 functions of the OSI model happen within
physical switches and routers.
What is overlay networks?
An overlay network is a virtual or logical network that is created on top of an existing
6. physical network. The internet, which connects many nodes via circuit switching, is an
example of an overlay network. An overlay network is any virtual layer on top of
physical network infrastructure.

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 DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING
QUESTION BANK
Subject Name VIRTUALIZATION Subject Code CCS372
Department Computer Science & Engineering Year/Sem III/VI
Faculty S. Duraimurugan
What is Software-Defined Networking(SDN)?
7. Software-Defined Networking (SDN) is an approach to networking that uses software-
based controllers or application programming interfaces (APIs) to communicate with
underlying hardware infrastructure and direct traffic on a network.
What is Network Functions Virtualization (NFV)?
Network functions virtualization (NFV) is the replacement of network appliance
8.
hardware with virtual machines. The virtual machines use a hypervisor to run networking
software and processes such as routing and load balancing.
What are the advantages of network virtualization?
 Improves manageability –
Grouping and regrouping of nodes are eased.
Configuration of VM is allowed from a centralized management workstation using
management software.
 Reduces CAPEX(capital expenditure) –
The requirement to set up separate physical networks for different node groups is
reduced.
9.
 Improves utilization –
Multiple VMs are enabled to share the same physical network which enhances the
utilization of network resource.
 Enhances performance –
Network broadcast is restricted and VM performance is improved.
 Enhances security –
Sensitive data is isolated from one VM to another VM.
Access to nodes is restricted in a VM from another VM.
List the functions of network virtualization.
Network virtualization helps organizations achieve major advances in speed, agility, and
10. security by automating and simplifying many of the processes that go into running a data
center network and managing networking and security in the cloud.
List the tools for network virtualization.
11. VMware NSX, VMware Anywhere from Claranet, Lumen Cloud Connect and Serial to
Ethernet Connector.
What is Virtual LAN (VLAN)?
12. A virtual LAN (VLAN) is a logical overlay network that groups together a subset of
devices that share a physical LAN, isolating the traffic for each group.
How does a VLAN work?
A VLAN is identified on network switches by a VLAN ID. Each port on a switch can
13. have one or more VLAN IDs assigned to it and will land in a default VLAN if no other
one is assigned. Each VLAN provides data-link access to all hosts connected to switch
ports configured with its VLAN ID.
14. How are VLANs different from physical LANs?
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 DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING
QUESTION BANK
Subject Name VIRTUALIZATION Subject Code CCS372
Department Computer Science & Engineering Year/Sem III/VI
Faculty S. Duraimurugan
A LAN is a network of computers or devices that share a communications line/wireless
link to a server within the same geographical area. A VLAN is called a subnetwork that
can group together devices on separate physical LANs.
What is a Virtual Private Network (VPN)?
A VPN, which stands for virtual private network, establishes a digital connection
15. between your computer and a remote server owned by a VPN provider, creating a point-
to-point tunnel that encrypts your personal data, masks your IP address, and lets you
sidestep website blocks and firewalls on the internet.
What are some technologies used in network virtualization?
Network virtualization typically encompasses the following components:
 a network hypervisor;
16.  controller software;
 host protocols, such as Virtual Extensible LAN (VXLAN);
 virtual switching and routing; and.
 management tools.
What is the role of software-defined networking (SDN) in network virtualization?
Software-Defined Networking and Network Virtualization differ in the separation of
17. functions and resources. SDN isolates physical networking resources. These resources
can be switches and routers. Moreover, it shifts decision-making to a virtual network
control plane.
What is OpenDaylight's Virtual Tenant Network (VTN)?
OpenDaylight Virtual Tenant Network (VTN) is an application that provides multi-
18. tenant virtual network on an SDN controller. Conventionally, huge investment in the
network systems and operating expenses are needed because the network is configured
as a silo for each department and system.
What are the two components of VTN?
The VTN API module is a sub component of the VTN Coordinator and provides the
19.
northbound REST API interface for VTN applications. It consists of two
subcomponents: Web Server. VTN service Java API Library.
How does Software-Defined Networking (SDN) contribute to Software-Defined
Infrastructure?
Software-defined networking (SDN) is an architecture that abstracts different,
20.
distinguishable layers of a network to make networks agile and flexible. The goal of
SDN is to improve network control by enabling enterprises and service providers to
respond quickly to changing business requirements.
21. Define WAN.

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 DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING
QUESTION BANK
Subject Name VIRTUALIZATION Subject Code CCS372
Department Computer Science & Engineering Year/Sem III/VI
Faculty S. Duraimurugan
A wide-area network (WAN) is the technology that connects your offices, data centers,
cloud applications, and cloud storage together. It is called a wide-area network because it
spans beyond a single building or large campus to include multiple locations spread
across a specific geographic area, or even the world.
What do you mean by WAN virtualization?
With WAN virtualization (Broadband Bonding) various number of Internet lines can be
22.
bonded into a single connection. This provides faster connectivity (the sum of all the line
speeds) as well as intelligent management of the latency within the tunnel.
What are the objectives of network virtualization?
Network virtualization is the ability to manage and prioritize traffic in portions of a
23.
network that might be shared among different external networks. This ability allows
administrators to use performance, resources, availability, and security more efficiently.
What do you mean by virtual routing and forwarding?
Virtual routing and forwarding (VRF) is an IP-based computer network technology that
24.
enables the simultaneous co-existence of multiple virtual routers (VRs) as instances or
virtual router instances (VRIs) within the same router.
What are the applications of network virtualization?
 Network virtualization may be used in the development of application testing to
mimic real-world hardware and system software.
 It helps us to integrate several physical networks into a single network or
separate single physical networks into multiple analytical networks.
 In the field of application performance engineering, network virtualization
25.
allows the simulation of connections between applications, services,
dependencies, and end-users for software testing.
 It helps us to deploy applications in a quicker time frame, thereby supporting a
faster go-to-market.
 Network virtualization helps the software testing teams to derive actual results
with expected instances and congestion issues in a networked environment.

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 DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING
QUESTION BANK
Subject Name VIRTUALIZATION Subject Code CCS372
Department Computer Science & Engineering Year/Sem III/VI
Faculty S. Duraimurugan
PART B

1. Illustrate and explain about the network virtualization.

2. Explain the Network Virtualization architecture.
3. What are host servers, virtual machines and guest operating systems? Explain.
4. Discuss about advantages of network virtualization.
5. Describe about network virtualization functions.
6. Write about the various network virtualization tools.
7. Explain about SDN and NFV.
8. Elucidate about VLAN.
9. Illustrate and explain about WAN architecture.
10. Discuss about WAN virtualization.
11. What are the common wide area network services offered by the providers? Explain
12. What is the process of configuring and assigning VLANs to network devices?
13. Deliver a detailed explanation of Open Daylight’s Virtual Tenant Network (VTN) and its
architecture?
14. Give the layout of WAN architecture. Also explain how we can implement virtualization
in campus WAN design.