JavaSript Advanced:
Here are full detailed notes on Advanced JavaScript Concepts, expanding on each topic with examples and key
explanations:
🔁 Higher-Order Functions
Definition: Functions that can take other functions as arguments, or return functions as results.
➤ Use Cases:
Abstracting behavior
Reusability
Functional programming patterns (map, filter, reduce)
➤ Example:
javascript
function greet(name) {
return `Hello, ${name}!`;
}
function processUserInput(callback) {
const name = "Alice";
console.log(callback(name));
}
processUserInput(greet); // Output: Hello, Alice!
➤ Common HOFs:
Array.prototype.map()
Array.prototype.filter()
Array.prototype.reduce()
🔒 Closures
Definition: A closure is a function that remembers its lexical scope, even when the function is executed outside of
that scope.
➤ Key Insight:
Functions retain access to variables from their outer function’s scope.
➤ Example:
javascript
function outerFunction() {
let counter = 0;
return function innerFunction() {
counter++;
Printed using ChatGPT to PDF, powered by PDFCrowd HTML to PDF API. 1/6
return counter;
}
}
const increment = outerFunction();
console.log(increment()); // 1
console.log(increment()); // 2
➤ Uses:
Data privacy
Function factories
Memoization
🧬 Prototypes and Prototypal Inheritance
Definition: JavaScript uses prototypes to allow objects to inherit features from one another.
➤ Prototype Chain:
Every object has an internal link to another object called its prototype ([[Prototype]] or __proto__).
➤ Example:
javascript
function Person(name) {
this.name = name;
}
Person.prototype.sayHello = function() {
return `Hi, I'm ${this.name}`;
};
const person1 = new Person("John");
console.log(person1.sayHello()); // Hi, I'm John
➤ Inheritance:
javascript
function Employee(name, position) {
Person.call(this, name);
this.position = position;
}
Employee.prototype = Object.create(Person.prototype);
Employee.prototype.constructor = Employee;
⏳ Asynchronous JavaScript
➤ Why Use It?
To prevent blocking of the main thread and allow the browser to remain responsive.
➤ Methods:
1. Callbacks
Printed using ChatGPT to PDF, powered by PDFCrowd HTML to PDF API. 2/6
javascript
setTimeout(() => {
console.log("Executed after 2 seconds");
}, 2000);
2. Promises
javascript
fetch("https://api.example.com")
.then(response => response.json())
.then(data => console.log(data))
.catch(error => console.error(error));
3. Async/Await
javascript
async function fetchData() {
try {
let res = await fetch("https://api.example.com");
let data = await res.json();
console.log(data);
} catch (err) {
console.error(err);
}
}
🚀 ES6 Features
➤ Arrow Functions:
javascript
const add = (a, b) => a + b;
➤ Template Literals:
javascript
const name = "Alice";
console.log(`Hello, ${name}!`);
➤ Destructuring:
javascript
const user = { name: "Bob", age: 30 };
const { name, age } = user;
➤ Let and Const:
let: block-scoped, can be reassigned.
const: block-scoped, cannot be reassigned.
➤ Classes:
Printed using ChatGPT to PDF, powered by PDFCrowd HTML to PDF API. 3/6
javascript
class Animal {
constructor(name) {
this.name = name;
}
speak() {
console.log(`${this.name} makes a noise.`);
}
}
📦 Modules (ES6 Modules)
Purpose: To organize code by separating it into reusable pieces.
➤ Exporting:
javascript
// file: math.js
export function add(a, b) {
return a + b;
}
➤ Importing:
javascript
// file: main.js
import { add } from './math.js';
console.log(add(2, 3));
➤ Types:
Named exports
Default exports
🛠️ Error Handling
➤ Try/Catch:
javascript
try {
let result = riskyOperation();
} catch (error) {
console.error("An error occurred:", error);
}
➤ Error Object:
Includes properties like name, message, and stack.
➤ Throwing Errors:
Printed using ChatGPT to PDF, powered by PDFCrowd HTML to PDF API. 4/6
javascript
function divide(a, b) {
if (b === 0) throw new Error("Cannot divide by zero");
return a / b;
}
🌐 Web APIs
➤ DOM API:
javascript
document.getElementById("myDiv").innerText = "Hello!";
➤ Fetch API:
javascript
fetch("https://jsonplaceholder.typicode.com/posts")
.then(res => res.json())
.then(data => console.log(data));
➤ Web Storage API:
javascript
localStorage.setItem("user", JSON.stringify({ name: "Alice" }));
let user = JSON.parse(localStorage.getItem("user"));
🔄 Event Loop
Definition: Mechanism that handles execution of multiple chunks of code (callbacks, promises, etc.) in a non-
blocking manner.
➤ Call Stack + Web APIs + Callback Queue
➤ Example:
javascript
console.log("Start");
setTimeout(() => {
console.log("Timeout");
}, 0);
Promise.resolve().then(() => console.log("Promise"));
console.log("End");
➤ Output:
Printed using ChatGPT to PDF, powered by PDFCrowd HTML to PDF API. 5/6
sql
Start
End
Promise
Timeout
✅ Summary Table:
Concept Key Benefit Common Use Case
Higher-order Functions Abstraction & flexibility map, filter, reduce
Closures Maintain state Private variables, factory functions
Prototypal Inheritance Object sharing and memory efficiency Reuse methods across instances
Async JavaScript Non-blocking operations API calls, UI responsiveness
ES6 Features Cleaner, more concise syntax Modern JavaScript coding
Modules Code organization and reuse Import/export in large projects
Error Handling Graceful failure management Input validation, API errors
Web APIs Browser interaction DOM manipulation, network requests
Event Loop Efficient async execution Managing multiple async tasks
Let me know if you'd like a printable PDF version or visual diagrams of any of these topics!
Printed using ChatGPT to PDF, powered by PDFCrowd HTML to PDF API. 6/6
