PROJECT REPORT ON

iot

Submitted By
Anikit Dube
Arman Miya Ansari
Kiran kumari Lohar
Ranjana Chaurasiya

Submitted to
Durga Model Sec. School, Kalaiya-07, 2081
Under the guidance of
Er. Jitendra Gupta
 Department Of Computer Engineering

Topics Page No.

1. Abstract 3
2. Acknowledgments 4
3. Introduction 5
4. Objectives of the Project 5
5. Overview of the project 5
6. Project Focus 6
7. Technology Stack 6
8. System Design 6
9. Implementation 7
10. Advantages 7
11. Current Situation of Nepal 8, 9
12. Future Scope and Future 9
Enhancement
13. Challenges 10
14. Conclusion 11
15. References 12
 Abstract

We live in an exciting time where more and more everyday items

“things” are becoming smart! “Things” have sensors and can
communicate with other “things” and can provide control to more
“things”. The Internet of Things, IoT, is upon us in a huge way and people
are rapidly inventing new gadgets that enhance our lives. The price of
microcontrollers with the ability to talk over a network keeps dropping
and developers can now think and build things inexpensively.

This IoT based home automation project is done using low-cost custom
build ESP8266 WiFi Module, and Raspberry pi zero. A system that uses
mobile app to control basic home functions and features automatically
through internet from anywhere around the world, an automated home is
sometimes called a smart home. It is meant to save the electric power
and provide better security service. The home automation system differs
from other systems by allowing the user to operate the system from
anywhere around the world through internet connection without breaking
any convention usability.

This project provides significant electric power saving solution at homes

and at the offices with help of dynamic control of electric supply over
internet using smart switch, and another is a lowcost wireless plug and
use surveillance system with live streaming over internet connection and
in-build video storage capacity.

Project contains both hardware and software development where

hardware program is built using C and python language on Arduino IDE,
whereas mobile application is built using java language Android studio.
 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

I want to take this opportunity to sincerely thank my guide, Mr. Jitendra

Gupta, for his excellent guidance, support, and continuous
encouragement throughout this project. His help will be valuable to me as
I move forward in life. I also want to express my deep gratitude to Ankit
Dube, Ranjanna chaurasiya and kiran sah lohar for his kind support,
useful information, and guidance, which helped me complete this project
in different stages. I appreciate the staff members at Softweb Solution for
the helpful information they provided in their areas of expertise. I am
thankful for their cooperation during my internship.

Finally, I would like to thank all the faculty members of the Department of
Computer Engineering for their constant support, without which this
project wouldn't have been possible.
1.Introduction
Home automation makes it possible to have a "Smart Home." This means
your home can recognize you, automatically adjust the lighting to your
preferences, open doors by itself, play your favorite music, water your
plants in the morning, turn on security lights at night and off in the
morning, heat water for bathing and tea, and show you live video of
what's happening around your house through the internet. It allows you
to connect lighting, entertainment, security, communication, heating, and
air conditioning into one system that you can control. This helps make
your home an active part of managing your busy life and supporting
efficient living.

These days, it's rare to find a house without some kind of home
automation system. These systems can include things like a TV remote,
burglar alarms, advanced security cameras, and automated air
conditioning that keeps the temperature at a set level.

This project wants to add new devices to home which can progress
towards fully automated home and make life easier and productive.

2. Objectives of the Project

The objective of this project is to design and build new IoT hardware
which can be control using mobile application from anywhere around the
world and that can installed at every home and office at lowest possible
cost.

3. Project Overview
Home automation is the use of technology to control various household
functions such as lighting, heating, security, and entertainment. With the
IoT-based home automation system, users can interact with their home
devices using a smartphone app, allowing for greater convenience and
efficiency.

The system will consist of sensors, controllers, and an IoT platform that
communicates with mobile devices. The IoT devices in the home will be
connected to a central control unit, and the user can operate them
through the app. These devices may include:

 Lights and Fans: Turn on/off remotely, set brightness, and adjust
fan speed.
 Security System: Monitor security cameras, unlock doors, and
control alarms.
 Temperature Control: Adjust air conditioning or heating based on
predefined preferences.
4. Project Focus
Project has focus on two main area of home which are electricity and
security, and come up with two hardware solution:-

1. Smart Switch.
2. IP-based Surveillance Cam.
3. IOT Based Water Quality Control System.

5. Technology Stack
The project will involve the following technologies:

 IoT Hardware: Microcontrollers such as Arduino or Raspberry Pi,

sensors, relays, and other smart home devices.
 Mobile Application: A user-friendly mobile app for Android or iOS
to control the devices.
 Communication Protocols: Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, or Zigbee for
communication between devices and the mobile app.
 Cloud Services: A cloud platform (e.g., AWS or Google Cloud) for
storing data and enabling remote access.
 Programming Languages: C/C++ for hardware programming and
Java/Kotlin or Swift for app development.

6. System Design
The home automation system will have the following components:

 Sensors and Actuators: Sensors like motion detectors,

temperature sensors, and cameras will collect data about the
environment. Actuators will control devices such as lights, fans, and
locks.
 Microcontroller (e.g., Arduino or Raspberry Pi): This acts as
the central hub, processing sensor data and sending control
commands to devices.
 Mobile Application: The user will interact with the system through
the app, which will communicate with the cloud server to send
commands to the microcontroller.
 Cloud Server: This will store data and facilitate communication
between the mobile app and IoT devices. It allows users to control
devices remotely.
7. Implementation
The implementation process includes the following steps:

 Hardware Setup: Connect the sensors (e.g., temperature, motion,

and light) and actuators (e.g., relays for controlling lights and fans)
to the microcontroller.
 App Development: Develop a mobile app with an intuitive user
interface to control the devices. The app will allow users to turn
on/off devices, adjust settings, and monitor sensors.
 Cloud Integration: Set up a cloud server to enable remote control
and data storage. This will also allow the system to send
notifications and alerts to users.
 Testing: Test the entire system to ensure all devices are functioning
correctly, and the mobile app can control the system remotely.

8. Advantages of IoT-Based Home Automation

 Remote Control: Users can control their home devices from

anywhere in the world using a smartphone app.
 Energy Efficiency: The system helps reduce energy consumption
by allowing users to turn off lights or adjust the temperature
remotely when not at home.
 Convenience: Home automation offers greater convenience by
automating routine tasks such as turning lights on/off, adjusting the
thermostat, and more.
 Security: IoT-based systems can enhance security with real-time
monitoring, motion detection, and smart locks.
 Cost-Effective: The system can be implemented at a low cost,
making it accessible to a wide range of users.
9. Current Situation of Nepal in IoT-Based Home
Automation
Nepal, like many other countries, is gradually adopting the Internet of
Things (IoT) technology, especially in the field of home automation.
However, the adoption and development of IoT in Nepal are still in their
early stages, with several challenges as well as opportunities for growth.

a. Adoption of IoT in Nepal

 Slow Adoption: The adoption of IoT-based home automation in

Nepal is relatively slow compared to more developed countries.
Many households and businesses still rely on traditional methods of
managing their home appliances and devices.
 Urban Areas Leading the Way: The trend of IoT-based home
automation is more prominent in urban areas like Kathmandu,
Pokhara, and other major cities, where people have higher access to
technology and are more likely to invest in smart home solutions.
 Early-Stage Development: The technology is still in its infancy in
Nepal. While a few startups and technology companies are exploring
IoT solutions, large-scale deployment and widespread consumer
adoption have not yet occurred.

b. Key IoT-Based Home Automation Solutions in Nepal

 Smart Lighting: Some local companies have started offering smart

lighting solutions that can be controlled remotely using smartphones
or voice assistants.
 Security Systems: Home security is one of the most popular IoT
applications in Nepal. Many households in urban areas are opting for
smart security cameras, doorbell cameras, and motion sensors that
can be monitored via mobile apps.
 Automated Temperature Control: There are a few smart home
solutions that allow users to control the temperature of their homes
remotely, primarily through smart air conditioners or heating
systems. These are mostly available in larger cities and higher-
income households.
 Energy Monitoring: Some energy companies and startups have
begun offering IoT-based energy monitoring solutions to track
electricity usage, although these solutions are still limited.

c. Opportunities

 Growth in the Tech Sector: With the growing interest in

technology and digital transformation, Nepal’s tech sector is seeing
 more investment. This offers opportunities for local companies to
develop affordable and tailored IoT solutions for homes and offices.
 Government Support: The government of Nepal has been focusing
on improving internet infrastructure, which could support the growth
of IoT technology. Initiatives to boost digital literacy and encourage
innovation in tech could help drive the adoption of home automation
systems.
 Energy Efficiency and Sustainability: IoT-based home
automation can play a crucial role in improving energy efficiency,
which is a growing concern in Nepal. Smart energy meters,
thermostats, and lighting control systems can help reduce electricity
consumption, benefiting both consumers and the environment.
 Smart Cities Development: Nepal is gradually moving toward
developing smart cities, especially in urban centers. The integration
of IoT solutions in smart city projects could pave the way for
widespread adoption of home automation systems in the coming
years.

10. Future Scope and Future Enhancement

 Integration with Voice Assistants: Integration with voice
assistants like Amazon Alexa or Google Assistant for voice-based
control.
 Advanced Features: Incorporating advanced features like facial
recognition for security, energy consumption tracking, and
automated routines.
 Scalability: Expanding the system to include more devices and
larger buildings.
11. Challenges
1. Security Concerns

 Data Breaches: IoT devices often collect and transmit sensitive data,
making them a target for hackers.
 Weak Authentication: Many IoT devices have inadequate password
protection or lack robust encryption protocols.
 Botnet Attacks: Poorly secured devices can be hijacked and used in
botnets for malicious purposes.

2. Privacy Issues

 Data Surveillance: Continuous data collection raises concerns about

user privacy.
 Unauthorized Access: Improper configurations can expose personal
data to unauthorized users.

3. Interoperability Challenges

 Diverse Standards: Different manufacturers use various

communication protocols (e.g., Zigbee, Z-Wave, Wi-Fi), which may
not be compatible.
 Vendor Lock-In: Proprietary ecosystems can limit integration with
other devices or systems.

4. High Initial Cost

 Device Costs: Quality IoT devices are often expensive.

 Installation: Professional installation may be required, adding to the
cost.
 Maintenance: Regular updates and replacements increase long-term
expenses.

5. Reliability and Connectivity

 Internet Dependency: IoT systems often rely on continuous internet

connectivity. A weak or disrupted connection can cause
malfunctions.
 Latency Issues: Delayed responses can disrupt the user experience,
especially in critical systems like security.
12. Conclusion
This IoT-based home automation project demonstrates the potential of
smart technology to improve the quality of life. By allowing users to
remotely control and monitor their home devices, the system enhances
convenience, security, and energy efficiency. With further development
and refinement, such systems can become a common feature in homes
and offices, providing greater automation and control to users.
13. References

 [1] R. Patel, "Introduction to IoT for Home Automation," Tech Journal,

2023.
 [2] A. Kumar, "Smart Homes: The Future of Home Automation," Smart
Living Magazine, 2024.
 [3] C. Johnson, "IoT Systems: Design and Implementation," IoT Books,
2022.
 [4] ChatGPT
 [5] https://www.scribd.com/
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