Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering

MAHARAJA SURAJMAL INSTITUTE OF

TECHNOLOGY
(Janakpuri)

Data Communication and Networks

Lab File
th
6 Semester

Submitted to : Submitted by :
Mr. Sandeep Sheoran Name : Siddharth Singh
Assistant Professor Branch : ECE – 3
ECE Department Enrol. No: 04496302820
MSIT Class Sr. No. : 37
 INDEX

SERIAL NAME OF EXPRIMENTS DATE TEACHER’S

NO. SIGN.
 Experiment 1

Aim : Write a program to Plot unit step, Unit Impulse, ramp, exponential, Sine & cosine
Signal in both continuous and discrete form.
Software used : MATLAB 7.0
Program :
clc;
clear all;
close all;
x=-pi:0.2:pi;
% Sine Function
subplot(2,6,1);
plot(x,sin(x));
xlabel('time');
ylabel('amplitude');
title('sine continuous');
subplot(2,6,2);

stem(x,sin(x));
xlabel('time');
ylabel('amplitude');
title('sine discrete');
% Cosine Function
subplot(2,6,3);

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plot(x,cos(x));
xlabel('time');
ylabel('amplitude');
title('cos continuous');
subplot(2,6,4);
stem(x,cos(x));
xlabel('time');
ylabel('amplitude');
title('cos discrete');
% Unit Step Function
t=0:1:10;
y=ones(1,11);
subplot(2,6,5);
plot(t,y);
xlabel('time');
ylabel('amplitude');
title('step continuous');
subplot(2,6,6);
stem(t,y);
xlabel('time');
ylabel('amplitude');
title('step discrete');

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% Ramp Function
n=0:1:10;
a=1:1:11;
subplot(2,6,7);
plot(n,a);
xlabel('time');
ylabel('amplitude');
title('ramp continuous');
subplot(2,6,8);
stem(n,a);
xlabel('time');
ylabel('amplitude');
title('ramp discrete');
% Exponential Function
m=-pi:0.1:pi;
b=exp(m);
subplot(2,6,9);

plot(m,b);
xlabel('time');
ylabel('amplitude');
title('exp continuous');
subplot(2,6,10);
stem(m,b);

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 xlabel('time');
ylabel('amplitude');
title('exp discrete');
% Impulse Function
p=-3:1:3;
c=[0,0,0,1,0,0,0];

subplot(2,6,11);
plot(p,c);
xlabel('time');
ylabel('amplitude');
title('Impulse continuous');
subplot(2,6,12);
stem(p,c);
xlabel('time');
ylabel('amplitude');
title('Impulse discrete');

Result : Unit step, Unit Impulse, ramp, exponential, Sine & cosine Signal in both
continuous and discrete form is plotted using MATLAB7.0.

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Output

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 Experiment 2
Aim : Write a program to find Convolution.

(A) Linear Convolution (B) Circular Convolution

Software used : MATLAB 7.0
Program : (A) Linear Convolution
clc;
clear all;
close all;
x1=input('enter the first sequence x1(n):');
x2=input('enter the second sequence x2(n):');
L=length(x1);
M=length(x2);
N=L+M-1;
Yn=conv2(x1,x2);
disp('the values of Yn are');
disp(Yn);
N1=0:L-1;
subplot(3,1,1);
stem(N1,x1);
grid on;
xlabel('N1----->');
ylabel('amplitude- - - ->');
title('first sequence');
N2=0:M-1;

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 subplot(3,1,2);
stem(N2,x2);
grid on;
xlabel('N2----->');
ylabel('amplitude- - - ->');
title('second sequence');
N3=0:N-1;
subplot(3,1,3);
stem(N3,Yn);
grid on;
xlabel('N3----->');
ylabel('amplitude- - - ->');
title('output convolution sequence');

Result : Linear Convolution has been performed using MATLAB7.0.

Output

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Output

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Program : (B) Circular Convolution
clc;
close all;
clear all;
x=input('enter the first sequence x(n)');
h=input('enter the second sequence h(n)');
m=length(x);
n=length(h);
N=max(m,n);
x=[x,zeros(1,N-m)];
h=[h,zeros(1,N-n)];
for n=1:N y(n)=0;
for i=1:N j=n-i+1;
if(j<=0) j=N+j;
end
y(n)=[y(n)+x(i)*h(j)];
end
end
n=0:N-1;
subplot(3,1,1);
disp('first sequence x is : ');
disp(x);
stem(n,x);
xlabel('n');
ylabel('x(n)');

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 title('first sequence');
grid on;
subplot(3,1,2);
disp('second sequence h is :');
disp(h);
stem(n,h);
xlabel('n');
ylabel('h(n)'); title('second
sequence : '); grid on;
subplot(3,1,3);
disp('convoluted sequence y(n) is :');
disp(y);
stem(n,y);
xlabel('n');
ylabel('y(n)');
title('circular convoluted sequence ');
grid on;
Result : Circular Convolution has been performed using MATLAB7.0.
Output

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Output

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 Experiment 3

Aim : Write a program to perform Linear convolution using circular convolution and
Vice Versa.
Software used : MATLAB 7.0
Program : (A) Linear convolution using circular convolution.
clc;
clear all;
close all;
x1 = input(‘Enter the 1st Sequence: ’ );
x2=input(‘Enter the 2nd Sequence: ’);
l1=length(x1);
l2=length (x2);
n=l1+l2-1;
subplot(3,1,1);
stem(x1);
xlabel(‘Time’);
ylabel(‘Amplitude’);
title(‘first Sequence’);
subplot(3,1,2);
stem(x2);
xlabel(‘Time’);
ylabel(‘Amplitude’);
title(‘second Sequence’);

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 if l1>l2
l3=l1-l2;
x2=[x2,zeros(1,l3)];
elseif l2>l1
l3=l2-l1;
x1=[x1,zeros(1,l3)];
end
n=l1+l2-1;
f=count(x1,x2,n);
disp(‘The convoluted sequence is:’);
disp(f);
Subplot(3,1,3);
stem(f);
xlabel(‘Time’);
ylabel(‘Amplitude’);
title (‘Convoluted Sequence:’);

Result : Linear convolution using circular convolution has been performed successfully.

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Output

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(B) Circular convolution using Linear convolution.
clc;
clear all;
close all;

x =input (‘Enter the first

sequence’); n1=length(x);

h=input('Enter the second

sequence’); n2=length(h);

n=0:1:n1-1; subplot
(3, 1, 1); stem(n,x);
xlabel(‘Time’);
ylabel(‘Amplitude’);
title(‘first
Sequence’);
n=n1+n2-1;
if n1>n2
n3=n1-n2;
h=[h,zeros(1,n3)];
elseif n2>n1
n3=n2-n1;
x=[x,zeros(1,n3)];
end
x=[x,zeros(1,n-n1)];

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 h=[h,zeros(1,n-n2)];
for n=1:n y(n)=0;
for i=1:n j=n-i+1;
if(j<=0) j=n+j;
end
y(n)=[y(n)+x(i)*h(j)];
end
end
disp(‘circular convolution of x&h is:’);
disp(y);
Subplot(3,1,3);
stem(y);
xlabel(‘Time’);
ylabel(‘Amplitude’);
title (‘Circular Convoluted Sequence’);

Result : Circular convolution using Linear convolution has been performed successfully.

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Output

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 Experiment 4

Aim : Write a program to find

(A) 8 point DFT, it’s magnitude and phase plot and inverse DFT.
(B) 16 point DFT, it’s magnitude and phase plot and inverse DFT.
Software used : MATLAB 7.0
Program :

clc;
clear all;
close all;
xn= input(‘Enter the Sequence x(n): ’); % Get 8 point sequence
ln=length(xn); % from user for 8 point DFT
xk=zeros(1,ln); % Get 16 point sequence
ixk=zeros(1,ln); % from user for 16 point DFT
for k=0:ln-1
for n=0:ln-1

xk(k+1)=xk(k+1)+( xn(n + 1)*exp(1i*2*pi*k*n /ln));

end
end

t =0:ln-1;
Subplot(2,2,1);
stem(t,xn);
xlabel(‘Time’);

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ylabel(‘Amplitude’);
title (‘input Sequence’);
magnitude=abs(xk);
subplot (2, 2, 2);
stem(t,magnitude);
xlabel(‘k’);
ylabel(‘amplitude’);
title(‘Magnitude response’);
magnitude=abs(xK);
phase=angle(xk);
subplot(2, 2, 3);
stem(t, phase);
xlabel(‘k’);
ylabel('amplitude’);
title(‘Phase response’);
for k=0:ln-1
for n=0:ln-1

ixk(n+1)=ixk(n+1)+(xk(k+ 1)*exp(1i*2*pi*k*n /ln));

end
end
ixk=ixk./ln;
subplot(2,2,4);
stem(t,ixk);
xlabel(‘time index’);

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 ylabel(‘amplitude’);
title (‘IDFT sequence’);

Result : 8 point DFT ,16 point DFT and their magnitude, phase plot and inverse DFT has
been performed successfully.

for 8 point DFT: 8 point sequence [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8]

for 16 point DFT: 16 point sequence [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7,8]

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 Output
for 8 point DFT

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 Output
for 16 point DFT

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 Experiment 5

Aim : Perform the following properties of DFT

(A) Circular shift of a sequence
(B) Circular fold of a sequence
Software used : MATLAB 7.0
Program : (A) Circular shift of a sequence
clc;
close all;
clear all;
x=input('enter the squence');
n=input('n point dft');
z=fft(x,n);
l=2;
f=circshift(x,[1,l]);
subplot(3,1,1);
stem(f);
title('shifted sequence');
y=0;
for p=1:n;
y(p)=0;
k=p;
y(p)=(z(k)*exp(-1i*2*pi*(k-1)*1/n));
end

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 subplot(3,1,2);
stem(y);
title('DFT of shifted sequence');
W=fft(f);
subplot(3,1,3);
stem(W);
title('LDFT of shifted sequence by function');
disp(W);

Result : Circular shift of a sequence has been performed successfully.

Command window :

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Output

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(B) Circular fold of a sequence
clc;
close all;
clear all;
X=input('Enter the sequence');
a=length(X);
n=1:1:a;
subplot(2, 1, 1);
stem(n,X);
xlabel('number of samples');
ylabel('amplitude');
title('Input signal');
m=-a:1:-1;

y = X (a-n+1); subplot
(2,1,2); stem(m,y);
xlabel('number of
samples');
ylabel('amplitude');
title('folded signal');
display(X); display(y);
display(n);
display(m);

Result : Circular fold of a sequence has been performed successfully.

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Command window

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Output

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