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SS Module1

The document provides an overview of the Simplified Instructional Computer (SIC), detailing its architecture, including memory, registers, data formats, instruction formats, and addressing modes. It describes the SIC standard model and SIC/XE, outlining the types of instructions available and the input/output operations. The document emphasizes the structure and functionality of the SIC, including its 24-bit instruction set and various addressing modes.

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2 views4 pages

SS Module1

The document provides an overview of the Simplified Instructional Computer (SIC), detailing its architecture, including memory, registers, data formats, instruction formats, and addressing modes. It describes the SIC standard model and SIC/XE, outlining the types of instructions available and the input/output operations. The document emphasizes the structure and functionality of the SIC, including its 24-bit instruction set and various addressing modes.

Uploaded by

muhsinaasharaf9
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Module 1

Simplified Instructional Computer (SIC)

Simplified Instructional Computer (SIC) is a virtual computer


that has hardware features which are often found in real
machines. There are two versions of this machine:

SIC standard Model

SIC/XE(extra equipment or expensive)

Machine Architecture of SIC Standard Model

1.Memory of SIC

It consists of bytes(8 bits) ,words (24 bits which are


consecutive 3
bytes)addressed by the location of their lowest numbered
byte. There are totally 32,768
bytes in memory.

There are 2^15 bytes in computer memory (1 byte = 8 bits)

3 consecutive byte = 1 word (24 bits = 1 word)

2.Registers of SIC

There are 5 registers in SIC. Every register has an address


associated with it known as register number. Size of each
register is 4 bytes. On basis of register size, integer size is
dependent.

1. A(Accumulator-0): It is used for mathematical operations.


2. X(Index Register-1): It is used for addressing.

Module 1 1
3. L(Linkage Register-2): It stores the return address of
instruction
in case of subroutines.

4. PC(Program Counter-8): It holds the address of next


instruction to be executed.

5. SW(Status Word-9): It contains the variety of information

3.Data Format in SIC

• Integers are represented by 24 bit.


• Negative numbers are represented in 2’s complement.
• Characters are represented by 8 bit ASCII value.
• No floating point representation is available.

4.Instruction Format in SIC


All instructions in SIC have 24 bit format.

If x=0 it means direct addressing mode.

If x=1 it means indexed addressing mode.

5.Addressing Modes in SIC

The different ways of specifying the location of an operand in


an instruction are called as
addressing modes.
There are two types of addressing mode in SIC

1. Direct Addressing Mode:

Module 1 2
In direct addressing mode, address field in the instruction
contains the effective address of the operand and no
intermediate memory access is required. Now a days it is rarely
used.

Example:
Add the content of R1 and 1001 and store back to R1:
Add R1, (1001)
Here 1001 is the address where operand is stored.

2. Indexed addressing mode:

The operand’s offset is the sum of the content of an index


register SI or DI and an 8 bit or 16 bit displacement.

Example:

MOV AX, [SI +05] There are two addressing modes available-Direct
and Indexed

6.Instruction Set in SIC

The following are the types of instructions used in SIC

1. Load and Store Instructions: To move or store data from


accumulator to memory or
vice-versa. For example LDA, STA, LDX, STX etc.

2. Comparison Instructions: Used to compare data in memory by


contents in accumulator.
For example COMP data.

3. Arithmetic Instructions: Used to perform operations on


accumulator and memory and
store result in accumulator. For example ADD, SUB, MUL, DIV
etc.

4. Conditional Jump: compare the contents of accumulator and


memory and performs
task based on conditions. For example JLT, JEQ, JGT

Module 1 3
5. Subroutine Linkage: Instructions related to subroutines. For
example JSUB, RSUB

7.Input and Output in SIC


It is performed by transferring 1 byte at a time from or to
rightmost 8 bits of accumulator. Each device has 8 bit unique
code.

There are 3 I/O instructions:

Test Device (TD) tests whether device is ready or not.


Condition code in Status Word Register is used for this
purpose. If cc is < then device is ready otherwise device is
busy.

Read data(RD) reads a byte from device and stores in register


A.

Write data(WD) writes a byte from register A to the device.

Module 1 4

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