Basics of Python
Comments
Lines of code ignored by the Python
interpreter.
Types of Comments
Single-line Multiline
(Docstring / String Literals)
Advantages of Comments
• Code Readability
• Explanation of the code
• Prevent execution of code
• To include resources
Pseudocode
Informal way of describing the steps of an
Algorithm.
Original code
Pseudocode
a = int(input(“Enter a number: ”))
1. Start
if a % 2 == 0:
2. Take an integer input
print(“even”)
3. Check if the number is divisible by 2
else:
4. If ‘yes’ print ‘Even’ else print ‘odd’
print(“odd”)
5. Exit
Flowchart
Graphical way of describing the steps of an
Algorithm. Start
input a
Original code
a = int(input(“Enter a number: ”)) a%2==
if a % 2 == 0: 0
print(“even”)
else:
“Even” “Odd”
print(“odd”)
Exit
Bugs
Any mistakes or syntax errors that violate the rules of
the language are called bugs.
For example:
a = int(input(“Enter a number: ”))
if a % 2 == 0:
print(“even”
else:
print(“odd”)
Variables
Variables are just containers or locations in
the memory that store some value.
use the id() function to get the memory address of the
variable.
Functions
Functions are reusable blocks of code that
perform a specific task.
Syntax:
print (arg1, arg2, …., end='\n', sep=‘ ‘)
For example:
print (“Hello Python”)
Types of Function
Built-in Functions:
• Input/Output Functions: print(), input()
• Type Conversion: int(), float(), str()
• String Function: replace(), split(), upper(), substring()
• Mathematical Function: pow(), fabs(), round(), sqrt()
• File handling Functions: open(), close(), read(), write()
User-defined Functions:
• Lambda function
• Recursive Function
https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.htm
Data Types
The data type defines the type of data a variable
can hold, and the operation that can be
performed on that data.
Use the type() function to check the data type of any variable.
Data Types
Boolean Numeric Set Type Mapping Sequence String
Type
Integer Float Frozenset Set
Tuple List
Complex Dictionary
Numbers
Standard Built-in Data Types
Numeric types
• int()
• float()
• Boolean
• complex()
Integer types
It represents the whole numbers (positive, negative, or
zero) without decimals. (e.g., 1, -10)
Boolean types
It returns the truth value i.e. either ‘True’ (1) or ‘False’ (0).
Float types
Represent numbers with decimal points. (e.g. 3.14, -9.2 )
Python has 15-digit decimal precision.
Complex types
Represents real and imaginary numbers. (e.g. 1 + 2j, 2j)
Syntax: (real path) + (imaginary part )j
For example:
String Types
Represent sequences of characters. (e.g. "Hello", "This is a string")
Text(s) enclosed within single (‘ ’), double (“ ”), or triple(‘‘‘ ’’’) quotes
are string.
For example:
Index
The index is the positional value of elements in the sequence.
➔ Starts from ‘0’ to length-1 or -1 to -length
For example:
[“Welcome”, “to”, “python”, “programming”]
Length
Return the size of the String.
Syntax: len(<sequence_types>)
For example:
a = “hello world”
print(len(a))
Accessing characters
Syntax: <string>[index]
For example:
a = “hello world”
print(a[2])
Slicing String
Represent the part of the original string.
Syntax: <string>[start:end:step]
For example:
greeting = "Hello, world!"
sub_string = greetings[7:12]
Replace String
Replaces a substring with another substring in the original string..
Syntax: replace(<substring_to_replaced>,<substring_to_replace>)
For example:
greeting = "Hello, world!“
greetings.replace(“world”, “python”)
print(greetings)
Split String
Split the string into a list of tokens.
Syntax: split(<delimiter>)
For example:
greeting = “Welcome to the Python Programming“
print(greetings.split())
https://docs.python.org/3/library/string.html
