Weapon Detection Using Python
Weapon Detection Using Python
Mr.N.Mohanrajadurai1,
Arul Immanuel T2, Karthick B 3,
Sarvesh J A4,Yugapathy R K 5
Bachelor of Technology – 3rd Year
Department of Artificial Intelligence and Data Science
Sri Shakthi Institute of Engineering and Technology (Autonomous) Coimbatore-641062
ABSTRACT
Computer vision-based gun detection is a crucial tool for improving public safety, particularly in high-risk
settings like public areas, airports, and schools. The goal of this project is to use Python and well-known machine
learning frameworks like OpenCV and TensorFlow to create an automated system that can identify the presence
of firearms in real time. The objective is to develop an effective model that can detect firearms in a variety of
situations with high accuracy and few false positives.
We used a convolutional neural network (CNN) in conjunction with object identification methods to do this,
paying special attention to models such as YOLO (You Only Look Once) for quick and precise predictions. In
order to enhance the model's performance, the project also incorporates a data pretreatment pipeline that
augments and normalizes images.
enables speedier intervention and could potentially edge computer vision techniques. photos of firearms,
save lives. In contrast to conventional surveillance, training on a wider range of datasets may be used in
which calls for Automated systems can continuously subsequent iterations to increase robustness. The
examine video footage and react in real-time, system is adaptable for future expansion because the
without delays or tiredness, unlike human operators. techniques employed can be modified for various
Present Difficulties and RestrictionsCurrent gun weapon kinds.
detection systems have a number of drawbacks
despite their obvious advantages: LITERATURE REVIEW
Complex Environments: Detection is challenging in
real-world settings because of the wide variations in The necessity for improved public safety and quick
lighting, background noise, and occlusions. threat response has led to a major growth in the field
Variability in Weapon Types: Since firearms vary of firearms detection utilizing Python and associated
widely in size and design, it is challenging to machine learning (ML) technology. The
develop a system that can reliably recognize any fundamental ideas, many methods, and
kind of False Positives and Negatives: It's crucial to developments that have aided in the creation of
make sure the system detects firearms accurately successful firearm detection systems are examined
while reducing missed detections (false negatives) in this literature review. It discusses important
and false alarms (false positives). methods, seminal research, and the state of computer
These difficulties highlight how crucial it is to create vision and object detection technology as they relate
reliable and effective models. The goal of this study to gun detection.
is to overcome these constraints by applying cutting-
edge computer vision techniques. 1. Object Detection Algorithm Overview:
Automated systems can continuously examine video
footage and react in real-time, without delays or The fundamental function of gun detection systems
tiredness, unlike human operators. is object detection, which entails locating and
Present Difficulties and RestrictionsCurrent gun classifying objects in an image while enclosing
detection systems have a number of drawbacks identified instances with bounding boxes. The
despite their obvious advantages: following are the main algorithms that have
Complex Environments: Detection is challenging in impacted the creation of gun detection models:
real-world settings because of the wide variations in
lighting, background noise, and occlusions. CNNs, or convolutional neural networks:
The development of complex deep learning models a gun detection system step-by-step. The tools, data
is made possible by the frameworks TensorFlow and preparation, model architecture, training procedure,
Keras. They make it easier to train and implement and evaluation criteria utilized to construct the
large-scale models for quicker detection thanks to detection model are all thoroughly examined in this
integrated GPU support. section,Utilized Tools and Technologies.
Choosing the right tools and libraries is essential to
OpenCV for Video Analysis: OpenCV is frequently creating a successful gun detection system. The
used to process frames, display detection findings, primary frameworks and tools utilized in this project
and integrate trained models with live video streams. are:
renowned for its dynamic computational Python is the main programming language because
capabilities, PyTorch, PyTorch has been a popular of its adaptability and the wide variety of library for
option for creating unique object identification computer vision and machine learning.
models because of its graph and user-friendliness,
which let researchers to test out novel methods and OpenCV: Used for features related to image
structures. processing and video recording.
6. Research on Gun Detection's Future Directions A The neural network model is constructed, trained,
number of patterns and potential research topics are and deployed using the deep learning frameworks
becoming apparent as technology develops: TensorFlow and Keras.
Integration with Edge Computing: With Pandas and NumPy are crucial for preprocessing and
improvements in hardware acceleration (e.g., GPUs, data manipulation.
TPUs), it is becoming more and more possible to
deploy gun detection models on edge devices, such To comprehend the dataset and track model training,
security cameras or drones. This trend lowers Matplotlib and Seaborn are used for data
latency and allows for speedier processing. visualization.
Hybrid Detection Models: By fusing deep learning LabelImg: An image annotation tool that generates
models with conventional computer vision methods, labeled training datasets.
detection accuracy can be improved. For instance,
CNNs can be used in conjunction with motion 2. Gathering and Preparing Data
analysis and background subtraction to enhance item
localization in dynamic situations. Preparing the data is a fundamental step in creating a
precise model. The following steps were part of the
Utilizing Pre-Trained Models and Transfer process:
Learning: Transfer learning keeps going Data Collection: Photographs of guns were
to be essential in creating gun detection systems that collected from publicly accessible datasets and
are more flexible with fresh data and faster to train. hand-picked from a variety of sources. In order to
Vision Transformers (ViTs) and EfficientDet are enhance the quality, the dataset was diversified to
two models that have demonstrated promise in include various weapons types, perspectives,
managing increasingly challenging detection jobs. backgrounds, and lighting conditions the
generalization of the mode.
METHADOLOGY
Annotation:
The methodology describes how to use Python and
computer vision techniques to create and implement To add bounding boxes around firearms, LabelImg
was used to tag each image in the dataset. The whose centers are inside the cell. Bounding boxes
coordinates and labels needed to train the model and class probabilities are predicted by each grid
were generated in an XML or CSV file,Augmenting cell.
Data.
In order to expand the range of training images and Bounding Box Prediction: YOLO forecasts a
make the model more resilient to changes in input predetermined number of bounding boxes together
data, strategies like flipping, rotation, scaling, and with corresponding confidence scores that show the
brightness adjustments were used. model's level of certainty regarding the type of
Data Differencing with a usual split ratio of object (such as a gun) and its contents.
70:20:10, the dataset was separated into training,
validation, and test sets. This division keeps unseen Loss Function: To properly train the model, a
data for assessment while guaranteeing that the specialized loss function that combines mean
model is trained on a varied collection. squared error for bounding box regression and cross-
entropy loss for class prediction is employed.
3.Preparation-Actions
5.ModelTraining
Preprocessing was used to improve the caliber of the
data that was entered into the model: Several crucial phases were involved in training the
model:
Image Resizing: Every picture was resized to the Hyperparameter Tuning: Various learning rates,
same size dimension (for example, 416x416 pixels batch sizes, and epoch numbers were used in the
for YOLO) to ensure uniformity throughout the preliminary tests. For this project, a batch size of
input data. 0.001 and an ideal learning rate 50 and 16 epochs
were selected according to the validation
Normalization: To facilitate quicker and more performance.
reliable training, pixel values were normalized to a Optimizer: The Adam optimizer was chosen for
range of 0 to 1. training because it can adjust learning rates in real
Data Shuffling: To prevent the model from picking time, striking a balance between stability and speed.
up any sequence-specific patterns that would cause Training Strategy: To expedite the training
overfitting, the training data was shuffled. process, the model was run on a powerful GPU. By
ending training after a predetermined number of
4.Architecture of Models epochs, when the validation loss ceased improving,
early stopping was used to avoid overfitting.
The YOLO (You Only Look Once) architecture,
which is renowned for its real-time detection 6. Assessment of the Model
capabilities, served as the foundation for the
construction of the gun detection model. The A number of evaluation metrics were used to gauge
model's primary features include: the model's performance:
YOLO relies on a deep convolutional neural Precision: Calculates the percentage of accurate gun
network (CNN) to evaluate incoming photos and detection predictions among all positive predictions.
extract information. The architecture consists of
several convolutional layers, activation functions, Recall: Assesses the model's capacity to locate
and max pooling. every real gun instance in the dataset.
Grid System: The picture is separated into Each cell F1 Score: An overall indicator of the model's
in a S x S grid is in charge of identifying items accuracy that strikes a balance between recall and
A popular metric for object identification models Metrics for Model Performance:
that takes into account the intersection over union Accuracy: When evaluated on validation datasets,
(IoU) between the ground truth and predicted the model consistently identified firearms in a
bounding boxes is mean average precision, or mAP. variety of situations, demonstrating a high accuracy
Confusion Matrix: Provides information about the rate.
model's performance by visualizing true positives, Precision and Recall: Approximately 94%
false positives, true negatives, and false negatives. precision was noted things.
A number of difficulties arose throughout the False Positives: Because of their similar designs,
implementation and training: several items, including long umbrellas or dark-
Variability in Image Quality: The model's learning colored tools, were sometimes mistaken for
was impacted by variations in image resolution and weapons.
quality, necessitating extra preprocessing and
augmentation procedures. False Negatives: Missed detections were caused by
False Positives: By improving the training data and dim lighting or obscured views of them weapon.
adjusting the confidence threshold, the model's high
false positive rate from its early iterations was Visual-Display:
reduced,large amounts of computing power. Making
use of a Training times were shortened by using a The produced photographs show instances where the
GPU and improving the code. system successfully identified firearms in various
environments (such as a shopping center and an
8. Considerations for Deployment outdoor park).
CONCLUSION:
REFERENCES
1. Redmon, J., et al. (2016). "You Only Look Once: Unified, Real-Time Object Detection." –
Foundational paper on the YOLO algorithm for real-time object detection.
2. OpenCV Documentation – Essential for understanding and implementing image processing in Python
(docs.opencv.org).
3. TensorFlow Object Detection API – Offers guides for training custom object detection models
(tensorflow.org).
4. GitHub: YOLO Implementation – Practical code and documentation for the YOLO object detection
framework (github.com/AlexeyAB/darknet).
5. Krizhevsky, A., et al. (2012). "ImageNet Classification with Deep CNNs." – Key paper on CNNs for
image recognition and detection.
6. Rosebrock, A. (2019). "Deep Learning for Computer Vision with Python." – Hands-on guide for
implementing vision models using Python.
7. COCO Dataset – A benchmark dataset for training detection models, adaptable for firearm detection.
8. Redmon, J., et al. (2016). "You Only Look Once: Unified, Real-Time Object Detection." –
Foundational paper on the YOLO algorithm for real-time object detection.
9. OpenCV Documentation – Essential for understanding and implementing image processing in Python
(docs.opencv.org).
10. TensorFlow Object Detection API – Offers guides for training custom object detection models
(tensorflow.org)