Grammar Lesson

Verb Patterns & Future Forms

Table of Contents
1. Introduction to Verb Patterns........................................................1
2. Verb + Gerund (V + -ing)..............................................................1
3. Verb + Infinitive (V + to + base form)............................................4
4. Verbs That Can Be Followed by Both Gerund and Infinitive........7
5. Introduction to Future Forms........................................................8
6. Future Simple (Will + Verb)..........................................................8
7. Be Going to + Verb.......................................................................9
8. Present Continuous for Future Plans.........................................10
9. Future Perfect & Future Continuous...........................................12
10. Summary and Exercises............................................................14

Group (7) member:

- Hak Vitel
- Thou Leaphy
- San Pichtarika
- Neoun Channeang
- Nhem vongtheareaksmey

Grammar Lesson Professor: Tho Danny

1.Introduction to Verb Patterns

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 Verb patterns refer to the different structures that follow
verbs. Some verbs are followed by gerunds (-ing form), some
by infinitives (to + base form), and others can take both with a
change in meaning. Understanding these patterns is essential
for fluency and accuracy.
Key Points:
 Gerunds (-ing form): Used after certain verbs,
prepositions, and as subjects or objects in sentences.
 Infinitives (to + base form): Used after specific verbs,
adjectives, and to express purpose.
 Verbs that take both: Some verbs change meaning
depending on whether they take a gerund or an infinitive.
 Verbs with preposition:

2.Verb + Gerund (V + -ing)

+ What is a Gerund?
A Gerund is a verb ending in "-ing" that acts as a noun in a
sentence. It can be used as a subject, object, or after certain
verbs and prepositions.
+ When Do We Use Verb + ING?
a. As a Subject
📌 Structure: Gerund (verb + ing) + verb
🔹 Swimming is fun.
🔹 Reading improves your vocabulary.

Grammar Lesson Professor: Tho Danny

b. As an Object (After Certain Verbs)

📌 Structure: Verb + ing

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 🔹 I enjoy playing football.
🔹 She avoids eating junk food.
c. After Prepositions
📌 Structure: Preposition + ing
🔹 He is good at drawing.
🔹 She is interested in learning Chinese.
d. After Some Expressions
📌 Common Expressions:
 It’s no use worrying.
 I can’t help laughing.
 She spends time reading.
+ Common Verbs Followed by ING
 Enjoy (She enjoys swimming.)
 Avoid (He avoids eating late.)
 Consider (They considered moving.)
 Finish (She finished reading.)
 Keep (He keeps talking.)
 Mind (Do you mind opening the window?)
 Miss (I miss traveling.)
 Practice (She practices dancing.)
 Suggest (He suggested going out.)

Grammar Lesson Professor: Tho Danny

+ Sentence Patterns
📌Verb + ING as a Subject:
🔹 Dancing makes me happy.
📌Verb + ING after Certain Verbs:
🔹 She enjoys singing.

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 📌Verb + ING after Prepositions:
🔹 He is interested in painting.
📌Expressions with Verb + ING:
🔹 It’s worth trying.
+ Practice Exercise
❓Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the verb (ing):
1. She enjoys ______ (cook).
2️. Avoid ______ (eat) too much sugar.
3️. He is interested in ______ (travel).
4️. It’s no use ______ (complain).

3.Verb + Infinitive (V + to + base form)

+ What is an Infinitive?
An infinitive is the base form of a verb preceded by "to"
(to + verb). It is often used to express purpose, intentions, or
future actions.

Grammar Lesson Professor: Tho Danny

+ When Do We Use Verb + Infinitive?

a.After Certain Verbs
📌 Structure: Verb + to + infinitive
🔹 She wants to learn Chinese.
🔹 They decided to travel abroad.
b.To Express Purpose
📌 Structure: To + infinitive (answers "Why?")

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 🔹 He studies to pass the exam.
🔹 She left early to catch the bus.
c. After Adjectives
📌 Structure: Adjective + to + infinitive
🔹 It’s important to stay healthy.
🔹 She is happy to help you.
d.After Question Words (what, where, how, etc.)
📌 Structure: Wh-word + to + infinitive
🔹 I don’t know what to do.
🔹 Can you tell me how to get there?
e.After Some Expressions
📌 Common Expressions:
 It’s time to go.
 He is ready to start.
 She was the first to arrive.
+ Common Verbs Followed by To + Infinitive
 Want (She wants to travel.)
 Decide (He decided to leave.)

Grammar Lesson Professor: Tho Danny

 Plan (They plan to study.)

 Learn (I am learning to play guitar.)
 Agree (He agreed to help.)
 Hope (She hopes to win.)
 Need (I need to rest.)
 Try (He tried to call.)
 Promise (She promised to come.)
+ Sentence Patterns

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 📌Verb + To + Infinitive:
🔹 He decided to stay home.
📌To + Infinitive for Purpose:
🔹 She works hard to succeed.
📌Adjective + To + Infinitive:
🔹 It’s difficult to understand.
📌Wh-word + To + Infinitive:
🔹 I don’t know where to go.
+ Practice Exercise
❓Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the verb (To+ Infinitive):
1. She wants ______ (learn) English.
2. He decided ______ (quit) his job.
3. It’s easy ______ (use) this app.
4. Do you know how ______ (fix) this problem?

Grammar Lesson Professor: Tho Danny

4.Verbs That Can Be Followed by Both

Gerund and Infinitive
+ What Are These Verbs?

Some verbs can be followed by either a gerund (verb +ing)

or an infinitive (to + verb) without changing the meaning. Both
structures work, and the sentence meaning remains the same.
Verb Example with Gerund Example with Infinitive
Begin She began reading the book. She began to read the book.
Start He started learning Chinese. He started to learn Chinese.
Continu They continued working on They continued to work on the
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e the project. project.
Like I like swimming in the I like to swim in the ocean.
ocean.
Love She loves singing karaoke. She loves to sing karaoke.
Hate He hates waking up early. He hates to wake up early.
Prefer I prefer walking to work. I prefer to walk to work.
+ Sentence Patterns
📌 Verb + Gerund (-ing):
🔹 He started playing the piano.
📌 Verb + Infinitive (to + verb):
🔹 He started to play the piano.
📌 Both sentences have the same meaning! ✅

Grammar Lesson Professor: Tho Danny

5.Introduction to Future Forms

There are different ways to talk about the future in English,
including:
 Will + Verb

 Be Going to + Verb

 Present Continuous for future plans

 Future Perfect & Future Continuous

Each form has specific uses depending on the context and

certainty of the future event.

6.Future Simple (Will + Verb)

+ Structure: Subject + will + base verb
+ Uses of "Will"
a. Predictions (without evidence)

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 o Used when we think something will happen but don’t
have strong evidence.
o Example: I think it will rain tomorrow.
b. Spontaneous decisions
o Used when we decide to do something at the
moment of speaking.
o Example: I’m tired. I will go to bed now.
c. Promises & Offers
o Used when making a promise or offering help.
o Example: I will help you with your homework.

Grammar Lesson Professor: Tho Danny

d. Future Facts & Certainties

o Used when talking about things that are certain to
happen in the future.
o Example: The sun will rise at 6 AM tomorrow.
e. Requests & Refusals
o Used to ask someone politely to do something or to
refuse to do something.
o Example: Will you help me with this project?
o Example: No, I won't do that.
+ Negative Form: Subject + will not (won’t) + base verb
 Example: She won’t come to the party.
+ Question Form: Will + subject + base verb?
 Example: Will you call me later?

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 7.Be Going to + Verb
The "be going to" structure is used to express future
plans, intentions, or events that have strong evidence.
+ Structure: Subject + am/is/are + going to + base verb
+ Uses of "Be Going To"
1. Planned Intentions
Used when you have already decided to do something in
the future.
o Example: I am going to study Chinese at university.

Grammar Lesson Professor: Tho Danny

2. Predictions (with evidence)

Used when there is clear evidence that something will
happen.
o Example: Look at those dark clouds! It is going to
rain.
3. Actions That Are About to Happen
Used when something is happening very soon.
o Example: Watch out! You are going to fall.
+ Negative Form: Subject + Be + not + going to + base verb
o Example: She is not going to join us for dinner.
+ Question Form: V.Be+ subject + going to + base verb?
o Example: Are you going to watch the movie tonight?

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 8.Present Continuous for Future Plans
The present continuous (am/is/are + verb-ing) is often
used to talk about future plans and arrangements, especially
when they are fixed or scheduled.
+ Structure: Subject + am/is/are + verb-ing
+ Uses of Present Continuous for the Future
1. Fixed Plans & Arrangements
Used when something has already been planned or
scheduled.
o Example: I am meeting my friend tomorrow.

Grammar Lesson Professor: Tho Danny

2. Near Future Events

Used when something is happening very soon.
o Example: She is leaving for Thailand in the morning.

+ Key Differences Between "Going to" and Present Continuous

Present Continuous Be Going To

Used for fixed plans with Used for intentions or planned
details. decisions.
Often includes time
Often used when there's evidence
expressions (e.g.,
something will happen.
"tomorrow," "next week").
Example: I am having Example: I am going to have
dinner with my boss at 7 dinner with my boss. (I planned it,
PM. but it's not fixed yet.)

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+ Negative Form: Subject + am/is/are + not + verb-ing
 Example: He is not coming to the party.
+ Question Form: Am/Is/Are + subject + verb-ing?
 Example: Are you traveling to China next month?

Grammar Lesson Professor: Tho Danny

9.Future Perfect & Future Continuous

Both future perfect and future continuous describe
future events, but they have different uses. Let’s compare them.
a. Future Perfect Tense
Used to describe an action that will be completed before a
specific point in the future.
+ Structure: Subject + will have + past participle (V3)
+ Uses:
 To show an action will be finished before a certain future
time.
o Example: By 10 PM, I will have finished my work.
 To describe an expectation of completion.

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 o Example: By next year, they will have built the new
school.
+ Key Idea: Completion before a future time
b. Future Continuous Tense
Used to describe an action that will be happening at a
specific time in the future.
+ Structure: Subject + will be + verb-ing
+ Uses:
 To show an action in progress at a specific time in the
future.
o Example: At 10 PM, I will be studying.

Grammar Lesson Professor: Tho Danny

 To describe a planned or scheduled future action.

o Example: Next week, we will be traveling to
Thailand.
+ Key Idea: An ongoing action at a future time
+ Comparison Table

Tense Future perfect Future Continuous

Structure Will have + past participle Will be + verb-ing

By next month, I will have This time tomorrow, I will be

Example
completed my course. taking an exam.

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Tense Future perfect Future Continuous

Focuses on a completed Focuses on an ongoing

Key Use action before a specific action at a specific future
future time. time.

+ Key Difference:
 Future perfect → Looks back from a future time at a
completed action.
 Future continuous → Focuses on what will be
happening at a specific moment in the future.
 Future Perfect (Will Have + Past Participle): Used to
show an action completed in the future.
o By next year, I will have graduated.
o She will have finished the project by Friday.

Grammar Lesson Professor: Tho Danny

 Future Continuous (Will Be + Verb-ing): Used for

ongoing actions in the future.
o This time tomorrow, I will be flying to Paris.
o They will be working all night.

10. Summary and Exercises

Summary:
 Gerunds follow verbs like enjoy, avoid, consider.
 Infinitives follow verbs like want, plan, decide.

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  Some verbs take both gerund & infinitive with different
meanings.
 Future tenses include will, be going to, present continuous
for future, future perfect, and future continuous.
Exercises:
1. Choose the correct form (gerund or infinitive):
o He decided ______ (to leave/leaving) early.
o She enjoys ______ (to dance/dancing).
2. Fill in the blanks with the correct future form:
o By 2026, I ______ (graduate) from university.
o They ______ (meet) us at 7 PM tomorrow.

--END--

Grammar Lesson Professor: Tho Danny

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