At the end of the lesson, the students will be able to:

1. Perform addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, and composition of functions; and

2. Solve problems involving functions.

Recall that when adding two integers, say 7 + 12, the answer is also an integer, which is 19 in this case. When two fractions are
3 1 3
multiplied, for instance 2 × 4 , then the resulting answer is also a fraction, which is 8 in this case. To generalize, performing any
of the four operations (addition, subtraction, multiplication, and/or division) involving two or more real numbers, the result will
still be a real number.

This idea can be expanded to include functions. Performing the operations to two functions will result to another function. In this
lesson, four operations will be discussed: addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, and an additional one which is referred to
as composition.

OPERATIONS OF FUNCTIONS

DEFINITION: Addition of Functions

The sum of two functions 𝑓 and 𝑔, written as 𝑓 + 𝑔, is the function defined by (𝑓 + 𝑔)(𝑥) = 𝑓(𝑥) + 𝑔(𝑥).

EXAMPLE 2.1. Operations on Functions: Addition

INSTRUCTIONS: Given the following functions,
2 2
𝑓(𝑥) = 2𝑥 − 2 𝑔(𝑥) = 𝑥 − 3𝑥 + 4 ℎ(𝑥) = 3𝑥 + 5𝑥 − 7
Evaluate the following:
3
1. (𝑓 + 𝑔)(𝑥) 2. (𝑔 + ℎ)(𝑥) (ℎ + 𝑓)(𝑥) 4. (𝑔 + 𝑔)(𝑥)
.

Solution:

1. (𝑓 + 𝑔)(𝑥)

(𝑓 + 𝑔)(𝑥) = 𝑓(𝑥) + 𝑔(𝑥) Definition of Additon of Functions

2
= (2𝑥 − 2) + 𝑥 − 3𝑥 + 4 2
( ) Substitution: 𝑓(𝑥) = 2𝑥 − 2, 𝑔(𝑥) = 𝑥 − 3𝑥 + 4
= 2𝑥 − 2 + 𝑥2 − 3𝑥 + 4 For addition, the parentheses can simply be removed.

(𝑓 + 𝑔)(𝑥) = 𝑥2 − 𝑥 + 2 Addition and Subtraction

Consider the similar terms when adding or subtracting expressions. In
2
this example, 2𝑥 and − 3𝑥 are added together, but 𝑥 is not added
2
because they do not have the same variable (𝑥 vs 𝑥 ).

Lesson 2 Page 1
2. (𝑔 + ℎ)(𝑥)

(𝑔 + ℎ)(𝑥) = 𝑔(𝑥) + ℎ(𝑥) Definition of Addition of Functions

2 2
= 𝑥 − 3𝑥 + 4 + 3𝑥 + 5𝑥 − 7 2 2
( ) ( ) Substitution: 𝑔(𝑥) = 𝑥 − 3𝑥 + 4, ℎ(𝑥) = 3𝑥 + 5𝑥 − 7
= 𝑥2 − 3𝑥 + 4 + 3𝑥2 + 5𝑥 − 7 For addition, the parentheses can simply be removed.

(𝑔 + ℎ)(𝑥) = 4𝑥2 + 2𝑥 − 3 Addition and Subtraction

3 (ℎ + 𝑓)(𝑥)
.

(ℎ + 𝑓)(𝑥) = ℎ(𝑥) + 𝑓(𝑥) Definition of Addition of Functions

= 3𝑥2 + 5𝑥 − 7 + (2𝑥 − 2)
( ) 2
Substitution: ℎ(𝑥) = 3𝑥 + 5𝑥 − 7, 𝑓(𝑥) = 2𝑥 − 2
= 3𝑥2 + 5𝑥 − 7 + 2𝑥 − 2 For addition, the parentheses can simply be removed.

(ℎ + 𝑓)(𝑥) = 3𝑥2 + 7𝑥 − 9 Addition and Subtraction

4. (𝑔 + 𝑔)(𝑥)

(𝑔 + 𝑔)(𝑥) = 𝑔(𝑥) + 𝑔(𝑥) Definition of Addition of Functions

= 𝑥2 − 3𝑥 + 4 + 𝑥2 − 3𝑥 + 4
( ) ( ) 2
Substitution: 𝑔(𝑥) = 𝑥 − 3𝑥 + 4
= 𝑥2 − 3𝑥 + 4 + 𝑥2 − 3𝑥 + 4 For addition, the parentheses can simply be removed.

(𝑔 + 𝑔)(𝑥) = 2𝑥2 − 6𝑥 + 8 Addition and Subtraction

DEFINITION: Subtraction of Functions

The difference of two functions 𝑓 and 𝑔, written as 𝑓 − 𝑔, is the function defined by (𝑓 − 𝑔)(𝑥) = 𝑓(𝑥) − 𝑔(𝑥).

EXAMPLE 2.2. Operations on Functions: Subtraction

INSTRUCTIONS: Given the following functions,
2 2
𝑓(𝑥) = 2𝑥 − 2 𝑔(𝑥) = 𝑥 − 3𝑥 + 4 ℎ(𝑥) = 3𝑥 + 5𝑥 − 7
Evaluate the following:
3
1. (𝑔 − ℎ)(𝑥) 2. (ℎ − 𝑔)(𝑥) (𝑓 − ℎ)(𝑥) 4. (𝑔 − 𝑓)(𝑥)
.

Solution:

1. (𝑔 − ℎ)(𝑥)

(𝑔 − ℎ)(𝑥) = 𝑔(𝑥) − ℎ(𝑥) Definition of Subtraction of Functions

= 𝑥2 − 3𝑥 + 4 − 3𝑥2 + 5𝑥 − 7
( ) ( ) 2 2
Substitution: 𝑔(𝑥) = 𝑥 − 3𝑥 + 4, ℎ(𝑥) = 3𝑥 + 5𝑥 − 7
= 𝑥2 − 3𝑥 + 4 − 3𝑥2 − 5𝑥 + 7 Distributive Property

Lesson 2 Page 2
 For subtraction, the subtrahend (the second function) is required to
2 2
have its signs changed. For example, 3𝑥 becomes − 3𝑥 and − 7
becomes 7.
(𝑔 − ℎ)(𝑥) =
− 2𝑥 − 8𝑥 + 11
2 Addition and Subtraction

2. (ℎ − 𝑔)(𝑥)

(ℎ − 𝑔)(𝑥) = ℎ(𝑥) − 𝑔(𝑥) Definition of Subtraction of Functions

= 3𝑥 + 5𝑥 − 7 − (𝑥 − 3𝑥 + 4) Substitution: ℎ(𝑥) = 3𝑥2 + 5𝑥 − 7, 𝑔(𝑥) = 𝑥2 − 3𝑥 + 4
( 2
) 2

= 3𝑥 + 5𝑥 − 7 − 𝑥2 + 3𝑥 − 4
2 Distributive Property

(ℎ − 𝑔)(𝑥) = 2
2𝑥 + 8𝑥 − 11 Addition and Subtraction

3 (𝑓 − ℎ)(𝑥)
.

(𝑓 − ℎ)(𝑥) = 𝑓(𝑥) − ℎ(𝑥) Definition of Subtraction of Functions

= (2𝑥 − 2) − 3𝑥 + 5𝑥 − 7 2 2
( ) Substitution: 𝑓(𝑥) = 2𝑥 − 2, ℎ(𝑥) = 3𝑥 + 5𝑥 − 7
= 2𝑥 − 2 − 3𝑥2 − 5𝑥 + 7 Distributive Property

(𝑓 − ℎ)(𝑥) =
− 3𝑥 − 3𝑥 + 5
2 Addition and Subtraction

4. (𝑔 − 𝑓)(𝑥)

(𝑔 − 𝑓)(𝑥) = 𝑔(𝑥) − 𝑓(𝑥) Definition of Subtraction of Functions

2
= 𝑥 − 3𝑥 + 4 − (2𝑥 − 2) 2
( ) Substitution: 𝑔(𝑥) = 𝑥 − 3𝑥 + 4, 𝑓(𝑥) = 2𝑥 − 2
= 𝑥2 − 3𝑥 + 4 − 2𝑥 + 2 Distributive Property

(𝑔 − 𝑓)(𝑥) = 2
𝑥 − 5𝑥 + 6 Addition and Subtraction

DEFINITION: Multiplication of Functions

The product of two functions 𝑓 and 𝑔, written as 𝑓𝑔 of 𝑓⋅𝑔, is the function defined by (𝑓𝑔)(𝑥) = 𝑓(𝑥)⋅𝑔(𝑥).

EXAMPLE 2.3. Operations on Functions: Multiplication

INSTRUCTIONS: Given the following functions,
𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 − 3 𝑔(𝑥) = 2𝑥 + 5 ℎ(𝑥) = 3 − 2𝑥
Evaluate the following:
3
1. (𝑓⋅𝑔)(𝑥) 2. (𝑔⋅ℎ)(𝑥) (𝑓⋅𝑓)(𝑥) 4. (𝑓⋅ℎ)(𝑥)
.

Solution:

Lesson 2 Page 3
1. (𝑓⋅𝑔)(𝑥)

(𝑓⋅𝑔)(𝑥) = 𝑓(𝑥)⋅𝑔(𝑥) Definition of Multiplication of Functions

= (𝑥 − 3) · (2𝑥 + 5) Substitution: 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 − 3, 𝑔(𝑥) = 2𝑥 + 5
2
= 2𝑥 + 5𝑥 − 6𝑥 − 15 Multiplication by FOIL Method
FOIL Method: Multiply first, outer, inner, and last terms.
(𝑓⋅𝑔)(𝑥) = 2
2𝑥 − 𝑥 − 15 Subtraction

2. (𝑔⋅ℎ)(𝑥)

(𝑓⋅𝑔)(𝑥) = 𝑓(𝑥)⋅𝑔(𝑥) Definition of Multiplication of Functions

= (𝑥 − 3) · (2𝑥 + 5) Substitution: 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 − 3, 𝑔(𝑥) = 2𝑥 + 5
2
= 2𝑥 + 5𝑥 − 6𝑥 − 15 Multiplication by FOIL Method

(𝑓⋅𝑔)(𝑥) = 2𝑥2 − 𝑥 − 15 Subtraction

3 (𝑓⋅𝑓)(𝑥)
.

(𝑓⋅𝑓)(𝑥) = 𝑓(𝑥)⋅𝑓(𝑥) Definition of Multiplication of Functions

= (𝑥 − 3) · (𝑥 − 3) Substitution: 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 − 3
= 𝑥2 − 3𝑥 − 3𝑥 + 9 Multiplication by FOIL Method

(𝑓⋅𝑓)(𝑥) = 𝑥2 − 6𝑥 + 9 Subtraction

4. (𝑓⋅ℎ)(𝑥)

(𝑓⋅ℎ)(𝑥) = 𝑓(𝑥)⋅ℎ(𝑥) Definition of Multiplication of Functions

= (𝑥 − 3) · (3 − 2𝑥) Substitution: 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 − 3, ℎ(𝑥) = 3 − 2𝑥
2
= 3𝑥 − 2𝑥 − 9 + 6𝑥 Multiplication by FOIL Method

(𝑓⋅ℎ)(𝑥) = − 2𝑥2 + 9𝑥 − 9 Addition

DEFINITION: Division of Functions

The quotient of two functions 𝑓 and 𝑔, denoted as

𝑓
𝑔
, is the function defined by ( ) (𝑥) =
𝑓
𝑔
𝑓(𝑥)
𝑔(𝑥)
, provided that the denominator
𝑔(𝑥) is NOT equal to 0.

EXAMPLE 2.4. Operations on Functions: Division

INSTRUCTIONS: Given the following functions,
2 2
𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 − 3 𝑔(𝑥) = 𝑥 − 9 ℎ(𝑥) = 𝑥 + 𝑥 − 6
Evaluate the following:

Lesson 2 Page 4
 3
1. ( )(𝑥)
𝑓
ℎ
2. ( )(𝑥)
𝑓
𝑔 . ( )(𝑥)
𝑔
𝑓
4. ( )(𝑥)
ℎ
𝑔

Solution:

1. ( )(𝑥)
𝑓
ℎ

( )(𝑥) =
𝑓
ℎ
𝑓(𝑥)
ℎ(𝑥)
Definition of Division of Functions

( )(𝑥) =
𝑓
ℎ
𝑥−3
2
𝑥 +𝑥−6
2
Substitution: 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 − 3, ℎ(𝑥) = 𝑥 + 𝑥 − 6

2. ( )(𝑥)
𝑓
𝑔

( )(𝑥) =
𝑓
𝑔
𝑓(𝑥)
𝑔(𝑥)
Definition of Division of Functions
𝑥−3 2
= 2 Substitution: 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 − 3, 𝑔(𝑥) = 𝑥 − 9
𝑥 −9

𝑥−3 Factoring: Difference of Two Squares

= (𝑥+3)(𝑥−3) 2 2
𝑎 − 𝑏 = (𝑎 + 𝑏)(𝑎 − 𝑏)
Division
( )(𝑥) = 𝑥+3
𝑓
𝑔
1
Note that the final answer needs to be simplified, that is, there are no
factor that is common between the numerator and denominator.

Lesson 2 Page 5
3
. ( )(𝑥)
𝑔
𝑓

( )(𝑥) = 𝑔(𝑥)/𝑓(𝑥)
𝑔
𝑓
Definition of Division of Functions
2
𝑥 −9 2
= Substitution: 𝑔(𝑥) = 𝑥 − 9, 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 − 3
𝑥−3

(𝑥+3)(𝑥−3) Factoring: Difference of Two Squares

= 𝑥−3 2 2
𝑎 − 𝑏 = (𝑎 + 𝑏)(𝑎 − 𝑏)

( )(𝑥) = 𝑥 + 3
𝑔
𝑓
Division

4. ( )(𝑥)
ℎ
𝑔

( )(𝑥) =
ℎ
𝑔
ℎ(𝑥)
𝑔(𝑥)
Definition of Division of Functions
2
𝑥 −𝑥+6 2 2
= 2 Sunstitution: ℎ(𝑥) = 𝑥 − 𝑥 + 6, 𝑔(𝑥) = 𝑥 − 9
𝑥 −9

(𝑥−3)(𝑥+2) Factoring: Factorable Quarilaterals

= (𝑥+3)(𝑥−3) Factoring: Difference of Two Squares

( )(𝑥) =
ℎ
𝑔
𝑥+2
𝑥+3
Division

Another operation that can be done to functions is that the input is “processed” in Machine 1, and then the output serves as the
input for Machine 2. This is called a composition of functions.

DEFINITION: Composition
The composition of two functions 𝑓 and 𝑔, denoted as 𝑓∘𝑔, is the function defined by (𝑓∘𝑔)(𝑥) = 𝑓(𝑔(𝑥)).

To make sense to this situation, consider one of the functions to be “inner” and the other function to be “outer.” In the case of
𝑓(𝑔(𝑥)), the “inner” function is 𝑔(𝑥) and the “outer” function is 𝑓(𝑥).

Lesson 2 Page 6
EXAMPLE 2.5. Operations on Functions: Composition
INSTRUCTIONS: Given the following functions,
2
𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 − 3 𝑔(𝑥) = 4𝑥 − 1 ℎ(𝑥) = 𝑥 − 4
Evaluate the following:
3
1. (𝑓∘𝑔)(𝑥) 2. (𝑔∘𝑓)(𝑥) (𝑓∘ℎ)(𝑥) 4. (ℎ∘𝑔)(𝑥)
.

Solution:

1. (𝑓∘𝑔)(𝑥)
Note that (𝑓∘𝑔)(𝑥) = 𝑓(𝑔(𝑥)). This means that the “inside” function is 𝑔(𝑥) and the “outside” function is 𝑓(𝑥). Thus,
𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 − 3 Given: 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 − 3
𝑓(𝑔(𝑥)) = (4𝑥 − 1) − 3 Substitution: 𝑥→𝑔(𝑥) = 4𝑥 − 1
𝑓(𝑔(𝑥)) = 4𝑥 − 4 Subtraction

2. (𝑔∘𝑓)(𝑥)
Note that (𝑔∘𝑓)(𝑥) = 𝑔(𝑓(𝑥)). This means that the “inner” function is 𝑓(𝑥) and the “outside” function is 𝑔(𝑥). Thus,
𝑔(𝑥) = 4𝑥 − 1 Given: 𝑔(𝑥) = 4𝑥 − 1
𝑔(𝑓(𝑥)) = 4(𝑥 − 3) − 1 Substitution: 𝑥→𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 − 3
= 4𝑥 − 12 − 1 Distributive Property
𝑔(𝑓(𝑥)) = 4𝑥 − 13 Subtraction

3
. (𝑓∘ℎ)(𝑥)
Note that (𝑓∘ℎ)(𝑥) = 𝑓(ℎ(𝑥)). This means that the “inner” function is ℎ(𝑥) and the “outer” function is 𝑓(𝑥). Thus,
𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 − 3 Given: 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 − 3
2
𝑓(ℎ(𝑥)) = 𝑥2 − 4 − 3
( ) Substitution: 𝑥→ℎ(𝑥) = 𝑥 − 4
𝑓(ℎ(𝑥)) = 𝑥2 − 7 Subtraction

4. (ℎ∘𝑔)(𝑥)
Note that (ℎ∘𝑔)(𝑥) = ℎ(𝑔(𝑥)). This means that the “inner” function is 𝑔(𝑥) and the “outer” function is ℎ(𝑥). Thus,
2
ℎ(𝑥) = 𝑥2 − 4 Given: ℎ(𝑥) = 𝑥 − 4
ℎ(𝑔(𝑥)) = (4𝑥 − 1)2 − 4 Substitution: 𝑥→𝑔(𝑥) = 4𝑥 − 1
Special Products: Square of a Binomial
= 16𝑥2 − 8𝑥 + 1 − 4 2 2 2
(𝑎 + 𝑏) = 𝑎 + 2𝑎𝑏 + 𝑏
ℎ(𝑔(𝑥)) = 16𝑥2 − 8𝑥 − 3 Subtraction

PROBLEM SOLVING INVOLVING FUNCTIONS

Functions can be seen in real life. Different phenomena can be represented using a function, usually in equation form. The
following examples show how functions are used in various aspects of life.

Lesson 2 Page 7
EXAMPLE 2.5. Problem Solving
Mang Jose has a stall near the school, which he rents for PHP 300 per day, and he sells snacks which he buys at PHP 55 per
pack.
a. Construct a function describing Mang Jose’s expenses 𝐸(𝑥) for any given day, where 𝑥 represents the number of packs
bought.
b. In preparation for the start of the class, Mang Jose bought 95 packs of snacks to sell. How much would he spend for
that day?
c. During the Recognition Day, Mang Jose spent a total of PHP 8,000 for his store. How many packs did he buy?

Solution:

a. Construct a function describing Mang Jose’s expenses 𝐸(𝑥) for any given day, where 𝑥 represents the number of packs
bought.
Since 𝑥 represents the number of packs bought for PHP 55 each, then 55𝑥 represents the cost of 𝑥 packs. Add the PHP 300 for
the rent, then the total expenses 𝐸(𝑥) is represented as the function

𝐸(𝑥) = 55𝑥 + 300

b
In preparation for the start of the class, Mang Jose bought 95 packs of snacks to sell. How much would he spend for that day?
.
In this situation, 𝑥 = 95. Substituting this value of 𝑥 to 𝐸(𝑥):
𝐸(𝑥) = 55𝑥 + 300 Given Equation (see a)
= 55(95) + 300 Substitution: 𝑥 = 95
= 5225 + 300 Multiplication
𝐸(𝑥) = 5525 Addition

c. During the Recognition Day, Mang Jose spent a total of PHP 8,000 for his store. How many packs did he sell?
In this situation, PHP 8,000 represents the total expenses, which is 𝐸(𝑥). Substituting this to the given function and solving for
𝑥:
𝐸(𝑥) = 55𝑥 + 300 Given equation
8000 = 55𝑥 + 300 Substitution: 𝐸(𝑥) = 8000
Addition Property of Equality
8000 − 300 = 55𝑥 To “move” the 300 to the left side, 300 must be subtracted from both
sides of the equation.
7700 = 55𝑥 Subtraction

7700
Multiplication Property of Equality
55
=𝑥 MPE is still the term used even if division is done on both sides of the
equation.
𝑥 = 140 Division
This means that Mang Jose bought 140 packs for that day.

Lesson 2 Page 8
EXAMPLE 2.6. Problem Solving
A taxi charges a flat rate of PHP 40.00 and an additional PHP 11.50 per kilometer or a fraction of it. Mark rode a taxi from
Olivarez General Hospital to PITX, which is 5.4 kilometers apart. How much would Mark pay?

Solution:

Consider the following conditions regarding the charge per kilometer. The phrase “a fraction of it” means that the entire PHP
11.50 is still paid even if the distance falls short of one kilometer. Thus, a distance of 0.6 km will be charged PHP 11.50, the
same amound that would be charged if the trip is for an entire kilometer. However, if the trip is now 1.1 km, it will be now then
be charged as if it the trip is two kilometers long. Add the flat rate of PHP 40, the function will be as follows:

𝑓(𝑥) = 11. 50𝑥 + 40 where 𝑥 represents the number of kilometers, rounded up

and 𝑓(𝑥) represents the total cost of the trip.

Since the trip from Olivarez General Hospital to PITX is 5.4 kilometers long, it will be charged as if it is a 6 kilometer trip. Thus,

𝑓(𝑥) = 11. 50𝑥 + 40 Given equation (see above)

Substitution: 𝑥 = 6
= 11. 50(6) + 40 A 5.4 kilometer trip will be charged as if it is 6 kilometer long, and so 6
will be used to substitute here.
= 69 + 40 Multiplication
𝑓(𝑥) = 109 Addition

Thus, the trip will cost PHP 109.

EXAMPLE 2.7. Problem Solving

The United States uses Fahrenheit when reading and recording temperature, while the Philippines uses Celsius. A news report
5
shows that the temperature at Houston, Texas will be 95 °F by noon. Use the formula 𝐶 = 9 (𝐹 − 32), where 𝐶 represents the
measure in Celsius and 𝐹 for Fahrenheit, to convert the given measure to Celsius so it can be included in Philippine news reports.

Solution:

Based on the given function, 𝐹 = 95. Substituting it to the given equation,

5
𝐶= 9
(𝑥 − 32) Given equation (see above)
5
𝐶= 9
(95 − 32) Substitution: 𝐹 = 95
5
𝐶= 9
(63) Subtraction

𝐶 = 35 Multiplication

Therefore, the temperature at Houston, Texas is 35 °F.

Lesson 2 Page 9
EXAMPLE 2.8. Problem Solving
Sir Lan Review Center offers review sessions. They charge PHP 2000 per person for a month of review, but if a group of 10 of
more students enrolled at the same time, then they offer a discounted group price of PHP 1700 per person.
a. A group of 7 students enrolled at the same time. How much did everyone pay in total?
b. A group of 13 students enrolled at the same time. How much did everyone pay in total?

Solution:

a. A group of 7 students enrolled at the same time. How much did everyone pay in total?
In this situation, 𝑥 = 7. Since 7 is less than 10, then everyone must pay PHP 2000 each. Thus,

Total = 7(2000) Setup

= 14000 Multiplication

Thus, everyone paid a total of PHP 14,000.

b
A group of 13 students enrolled at the same time. How much did everyone pay in total?
.
In this situation, 𝑥 = 13. Since 13 is greater than 10, then everyone must pay PHP 1700 each. Thus,

Total = 13(1700) Setup

= 22100 Multiplication

Thus, everyone paid a total of PHP 22,100.

⮚ The following are operations involving functions:

o Addition: (𝑓 + 𝑔)(𝑥) = 𝑓(𝑥) + 𝑔(𝑥)
SYN o Subtraction: (𝑓 − 𝑔)(𝑥) = 𝑓(𝑥) − 𝑔(𝑥)
THE o Multiplication: (𝑓⋅𝑔)(𝑥) = 𝑓(𝑥)⋅𝑔(𝑥)

SIS o Division: ( ) (𝑥) =

𝑓
𝑔
𝑓(𝑥)
𝑔(𝑥)
, provided that 𝑔(𝑥)≠0
o Composition: (𝑓∘𝑔)(𝑥) = (𝑓(𝑔(𝑥))

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Web Sources:
⮚ 1.1: Four Ways to Represent a Function (n.d.) LibreTexts: Textbooks:
Mathematics. ⮚ Orines, F. (2016). Next Century Mathematics 11: General
https://math.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Calculus/Map%3A_Calc Mathematics. Phoenix Publishing House, Inc.
ulus__Early_Transcendentals_(Stewart)/01%3A_Functions_and_M ⮚ Oronce, O. (2017). General Mathematics. Rex Book Store.
odels/1.01%3A_Four_Ways_to_Represent_a_Function ⮚ Santos, D., Biason, M. (2016). MATH ACTIVATED: General Math.
⮚ 3.4. Composition of Function (n.d.). College Algebra 2e. Salesiana Books by Don Bosco Press, Inc.
OpenStax.
https://openstax.org/books/college-algebra-2e/pages/3-4-com Images, Figures, and Graph Credits:
position-of-functions ⮚ All figures and graphs created using GeoGebra unless otherwise
⮚ Commission on Higher Education (2016). Teaching Guide for stated.
Senior High School: General Mathematics. Work licensed under
a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0
International License. To view a copy of this license, visit
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/

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