HA NOI UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND SCHOOL OF APPLIED MATHEMATICS AND

TECHNOLOGY INFORMATICS

FINAL ASSESSMENT TEST Student’s name: .................................

Subject: Linear Algebra Subject ID: MI1114E Student’s ID: .................................
Time: TBA Class’s ID: .................................
Name and signature of supervisor 1 Name and signature of supervisor 2 Total score

Test’s ID: 36799 (The test has 40 questions)

Note: Students are not allowed to use any documents
Question 1: What is the matrix of the linear transformation f : R2 → P2 [x], f (a, b) = a + bx + (a + b)x2 with
respect to the standard basis of R2 and P2 [x]?
       
1 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 1
□ □
0 1 1 □ 0 1 1 0 1 □ 1 0
1 1 1 1

Question 2: Let A be the set of all possible linear transformation from R6 to R4 . What is the number of element of
the set S = {(dimKerf, dimImf )|f ∈ A}

□ 24 □ 10 □ 35 □ 5

Question 3: Let f be a linear transformation from V to W , in which dim(V ) = m and dim(W ) = n. Let A be the
matrix of f with respect to some basis of v and W , choose all the correct statement:

□ f is injective if and only if dim(Kerf ) = 0

□ f is surjective if and only if dim(Imf ) = n
□ f is surjective if and only if rank(A) = n
□ Let B = {b1 , b2 , . . . , bm }, then the set S = {f (b1 ), f (b2 ), . . . , f (bm )} is a spanning set of Imf

□ If f is injective then f is also bijective

□ dim(Imf ) + dim(Kerf ) = m
Question 4: Given the linear transformation f : R2 → R2 such that f (1, 0) = (1, 2) and f (1, 1) = (2, 3). Find
(f ◦ f )(1, 1)

□ (5,7) □ (3,5) □ (4,9) □ (2,1)

Question 5: Given the linear transformation f : R2 → R2 . Knowing that Ker(f ) = span{(2, 1)} and f (1, 1) = (2, 3).
Let A be the matrix of f with respect to the standard basis of R2 , what is the value of a + d?

□ 4 □ 0 □ 2 □ 3
   
1 1 a a
Question 6: Let A = and v = is an eigenvector of A with respect to the eigenvalue λ = 2. Determine
−2 4 b b
□ 3 □ −1 □ 2 □ 1

Question 7: Given the linear transformation f : V → V . Choose the incorrect answer

□ If v, w are two eigenvectors of f with respect to the eigenvalue λ = 3, then 2v + 3w is also an eigenvectors of f
with respect to the eigenvalue λ = 6.
□ If v is an eigenvector of f with respect to the eigenvalue eigenvalue λ = 3 and w is an eigenvector of f with
respect to the eigenvalue eigenvalue λ = 4, then v and w are linear independent.

1
 □ If v is an eigenvector of f then 2v is also an eigenvector of f .
□ If v, w are two eigenvectors of f with respect to the eigenvalue λ = 3, then 3v + 7w is also an eigenvectors of f
with respect to the eigenvalue λ = 3.
Question 8: Suppose A ∈ M3×3 (R) has three eigenvalues 1, −1 and 2. Which of the following matrices is invertible?

□ A2 − A □ A2 − 2A □ A2 + 2A □ A2 + A

Question 9: Find the number of negative coefficients in the canonical form of the following quadratic form on R3 :
q(x, y, z) = x2 + 3y 2 + z 2 + 4xy + 2xz + 2yz

□ 3 □ 1 □ 0 □ 2
 
a b c
Question 10: Given the bilinear form ϕ on P2 [x] defined by ϕ (p(x), q(x)) = p(1)q(1). Suppose that A = d e f
g h k
2
to be the matrix of ϕ with respect to the basis {1 + x, 2 + x, 1 + x + x }. Determine a + b + c.

□ 18 □ 16 □ 14 □ 10
   
2 −1 1 0 1 −1
Question 11: Given the matrix A = −2 3 −2. Suppose that the invertible matrix P = 1 b c  satisfy
−1 1 0 a 1 1
P −1 AP to be a diagonal matrix. Determine a + b + c.

□ 0 □ 4 □ 6
□ 5 □ −2 □ Other answer

Question 12: Given A ∈ M10×10 (R) such that all elements of A is 1. What is the sum of all elements on the first
row of (A + I10 )−1

1 □ 1 1 □ −1
□ □
11 10
Question 13: Given U to be a linear subspace of an Euclidean space V with an inner product ⟨, ⟩. Suppose that W
is a linear subspace of V such that if v ∈ W then ⟨u, v⟩ = 0, ∀u ∈ U ⊥ (U ⊥ is an orthogonal complement of U in V ).
Choose the correct answer

□ dim(W ⊥ ) ≤ dim(U ⊥ ) □ dim(W ⊥ ) ≥ dim(U ) □ dim(W ⊥ ) ≤ dim(U ) □ dim(W ⊥ ) ≥ dim(U ⊥ )

Question 14: In the Euclidean space R3 , with the standard inner product, find the orthogonal projection of the
vector v = (1; −1; 1) onto the vector u = (1; 1; 1)
       
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
□ ,− , □ , , □ √ ,√ ,√ □ √ , −√ , √
3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3
   
1 6 −3 1
Question 15: The vector X =  1  is an eigenvector of the matrix A =  3 1 2 with respect to the
−1 −3 2 1
eigenvalue λ. Determine the value of λ

□ 2 □ 1 □ −1 □ −2
 
1 3
Question 16: Given the linear mapping f : R2 → R2 has a matrix A = with respect to the basis
2 4
B = {(1; 1), (1; 2)}. What is the matrix of f with respect to the standard basis.

2
          
1 2 −1 −1 −1 4 2 4 2 2
□ □ □ □ □
4 3 4 6 −1 6 2 3 4 3

Question 17: Given the linear mapping f : R2 → R2 defined by

f (a + bx + cx2 ) = (−a + b) + (−3a + 2b − c) + (−b − c)x2
What is the set of eigenvalue of f ?

□ {1; 2; 3} □ {0; 1} □ {0; 1; −1} □ {0; 1; 2} □ {−1; 1; 2}

Question 18: Given the linear mapping f : R2 → R2 satisfy

f (1 + 2x + x2 ) = −3x2 , f (2 + x + 2x2 ) = −3 − 9x − 12x2 , f (−1 − x) = 3 + 7x + 12x2
Let λ to: be the smallest real eigenvalue of f and Vλ (f ) = span{1 + ax + bx2 } is the eigenspace of f with respect to
the eigenvalue λ. Choose the correct statement.

□ a+b=0 □ a=0 □ a=b □ b=0 □ 2a = b

Question 19: What is the name of the following quadratic surface

3x2 + 4xy + 4xz + 3y 2 + 4yz + 3z 2 + 2x − y + 3z = 0

□ Elliptic paraboloid □ 1-fold Hyperboloid □ Ellipsoid

□ 2-fold Hyperboloid □ Hyperbolic paraboloid □ Other answer

Question 20: Given A ∈ M3×3 (R) with two eigenvalue 1 and 2. Suppose that there exists a basis {v1 , v2 , v3 } of R3
that only consists of eigenvectors of A. Choose all the correct answer
□ A is degenerate.
□ For any vector w in R3 , the set of vector S = {w, Aw, Aw2 } is linear dependent.
□ det(A) = 2.
□ The set of vector S = {vi , Avi , Avi2 } is also a basis of R3 for any i ∈ {1, 2, 3}
□ For any three distinct eigenvectors of A, they are always linear independent.
Question 21: In R4 with the usual inner product, let W to be the solution space of the system of linear equations
(
x−y+z+w =0
x − 2y + z + w = 0
Find the orthogonal projection of the vector v = (1, 0, 1, 0) onto W .
   
□ (−1, 0, 1, 0) 1 1 2 □ (1, 0, −1, 0) 1 1 2
□ , 0, , − □ − , 0, − ,
3 3 3 3 3 3

Question 22: Given an Euclidean space E with an inner product ⟨, ⟩. Let u and v be two vector in E such that
|⟨u, v⟩| = ||u|| ||v|| (1)
Choose the correct statement
□ The equality 1 implies that u⊥v
□ The equality 1 implies that u and v are linear dependent
□ The equality 1 implies that u and v are linear independent
□ The equality 1 implies that ||u||2 + ||v||2 = 2⟨u, v⟩
Question 23: Given the map Φ defined on R3
Φ ((x1 ; x2 ; x3 ), (y1 ; y2 ; y3 )) = 2x1 y1 + mx2 y2 + mx3 y3 + x1 y2 + x2 y1 + 2x1 y3 + 2x3 y1 + 2x2 y3 + 2x3 y2
a 
The set of all possible value of m ∈ R such that Φ is an inner product on R3 is , +∞ . Let S = a − b, choose the
b
correct answer

3
 □ S>3 □ S=3 □ 0<S<3 □ S<0 □ S=0
 
−2 1 2
Question 24: In which case is the matrix A = −m − 5 m + 1 5 diagonalizable ?
−4 1 4

□ m ̸= 2 □ m ̸= 1 □ m=1 □ m=2 □ m∈
/ {1, 2}
1 1
Question 25: Given A ∈ M2×2 (R) with two eigenvalues and . Let Sn be the sum of all elements of An , evaluate
2 3
limn→+∞ Sn

□ 1 □ +∞ □ 2 1
□
6
□ 6 □ 0 □ 3
   
6 4 a 2
Question 26: Given A = . Suppose that there exists an orthogonal matrix P such that P T AP = .
4 6 2 b
Find |a − b|.
√ √
□ 2 6 □ 0 □ 4 3

□ 2 □ 6 □ Other answer

Question 27: Let {u1 , u2 , . . . , u1 0} to be an orthogonal basis of an Euclidean space V . Let v be an non-zero vector
of V , let θi to be the angle between v and ui . Evaluate (cos θ1 )2 + (cos θ2 )2 + · · · + (cos θ10 )2 .

□ 1 □ 10 □ Any real numbers □ Any real numbers

between 0 and 10 between 0 and 1
□ 0 □ 2

Question 28: Given A, B, C ∈ Mn×n (R), choose all the correct answer

□ rank(A) + rank(B) ≤ n + rank(AB) □ If A2 = I, then rank(A + I) + rank(A − I) = n

□ rank(AB) ≤ min {rank(A), rank(B)}
□ Row(A) is the orthogonal complement of Null(A)
□ rank(AC) + rank(BC) ≤ rank(ABC) + rank(C)
□ If A2 = A, then rank(A) + rank(I − A) = n □ Row(A) is the orthogonal complement of Col(A)

Question 29: Let A and B be two square matrices of order n. Choose all the correct answer
□ If A and B are similar, then rank(A) = rank(B)
□ The characteristic polynomials of A has a degree of n
□ If A and B are similar, then both matrices have the same characteristic polynomials
□ AB and BA share the same set of eigenvalues
□ rank(AB) = rank(BA)
□ If A is invertible, then rank(AB) = rank(BA)
□ For any eigenvalue, the geometric multiplicity and algebraic multiplicity are always equal.
Question 30: Let A be a square matrix of order n.
□ A − λIn is invertible if and only if λ is not an eigenvalue of A
□ For any real matrices A, there exists a number k ∈ N∗ such that rank(An+1 ) = rank(An )
□ A symmetric matrix is always diagonalizable
□ The system (AT A + I)x = 0 has a non-trivival solution

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 □ The determinant of an skew-symmetric matrix with integer elements is always a perfect square
□ A is diagonalizable if it has n distinct eigenvalues
 
4 3
Question 31: Given the matrix A = and B = A2021 − 2A2020 + I. What is the determinant of B?
3 4
□ 72021 − 2.72020 + 1 □ 1
□ 0 □ 32021 − 2.32020 + 1
 
2 6
Question 32: Given the matrix A = and B = A2021 − 4A2020 − 32A2019 + I. What is the set of eigenvalues
6 2
of B?

□ {1} □ {1; 4} □ {1; −2} □ {1; 2} □ {1; −4}

Question 33: Consider the system of linear equations

    
1 3 0 x1 3
−1 2 −1 x2  =  1 
−2 9 −3 x3 −2

Which of the following vectors is a least square solution to the above system
       
89 12 3 89 12 1 89 12 2 89 12
□ , , □ , , □ , , □ , ,0
55 55 5 55 55 5 55 55 5 55 55

□ There is no least square solution

Question 34: An elastic membrane in the x1 x2 plane with boundary x21 + x22 = 4 is stretched so that a point
P (x1 , x2 ) is stretched to the point Q(y1 , y2 ) given by
    
y1 2 25 x1
=
y2 1 2 x2

Which of the following vectors is a principal direction of this deformation

       
5 5 2 1
□ □ □ □
2 3 5 5

Question 35: Given a linear mapping f : R3 → R3 , given the basis E = {u1 = (1; 0; 0), u2 = (0; 1; 0), u3 = (0; 0; 1)}
f (u1 ) = (1; 0; 3), f (u2 ) = (0; 1; 2) and f (u3 ) = (= 1; 1; 0). Find f (v), v = (3; −4; 5)

□ (−2; 1; −1) □ (2; −1; 1) □ (−2; 1; 1) □ (−2; −1; −1)

Question 36: Choose all the linear mapping

□ f : R → R2 and f (x) = (5x, −5x2 ) □ f : R → R2 and f (x) = (5x, −5x)

□ f : R2 → R2 and f (x, y) = (x + y, 2x + 3y)  
x y
□ f : R2 → M2×2 (R) and f (x, y) =
□ f : R2 → R2 abd f (x, y) = (x + y, xy) y −x
□ f : R → R and f (x) = 6x + 5
(
3 ∀i = j
Question 37: What is the sum of all eigenvalues of the matrix A ∈ M2021×2021 (R) and aij =
9 ∀i ̸= j

□ 18173 □ 18175 □ 18177 □ 18179

□ Other answer

5
Question 38: Choose all the correct options:
Z π
□ In the space C[0,π] , the map: Φ : C[0,π] × C[0,π] → R, Φ(p(x), q(x)) = p(x)q(x)dx is an inner product.
0

□ Any bilinear form can be written as a product of two linear form if and only if its rank is equal to 1.
□ Any orthorgonal set of vector is linear independent.

□ For any square matrix A of order n, if there exists a number k such that Ak = 0, then I + A is invertible.
□ Any diagonalizable matrices can be orthogonally diagonalized.
□ Any symmetric matrices can be orthogonally diagonalized.

□ There exists an orthogonal matrix such that i is an eigenvalue of that matrix.

 
−1 0 −6
Question 39: Given A =  0 −1 0 . P is an invertible matrix such that P −1 AP is an diagonal matrix, then
1 1 4
what is the matrix P
       
−1 −3 −1 −1 −3 −2 −1 −3 −2 −1 −3 −2
□ 1 0 0 □ 1 0 0 □ 1 0 0 □ 1 0 0
0 1 1 0 2 1 0 1 2 0 1 1
 
2 4 4
Question 40: Given a matrix A = 4 2 4. The set of all eigenvalues of A is
4 4 2

□ {−2; −3; 10} □ {−2; −1; 10} □ {−2; 5}

□ {−4; 10} □ {−2; 10} □ Other answer