Database System Concepts (CST-2124)

I.(a) Choose the correct answer of the following statements.

1. In data abstraction which is lowest level of abstraction.
(a) Physical level
(b) Logical level
(c) Conceptual level
(d) None of all
2. Student table defined by the value of age between 16 and 20 that the constraint
is ------.
(a) Primary key constraint
(b) Foreign key constraint
(c) Integrity constraint
(d) Transaction constraint
3. Snapshot of the data in the database at a given instance of time is called ------.
(a) Database instance
(b) Database schema
(c) Database snapshot
(d) All of the above
4. What does SQL stands for?
(a) Standard Query Language
(b) Structured Query Language
(c) Simple Query Language
(d) None of the above
5. Which authorization allows addition of new data, but not modification of
existing data?
(a) Read authorization
(b) Delete authorization
(c) Insert authorization
(d) Update authorization
6. The processing of DDL statement, the output is stored in the -------.
(a) Data files
(b) Table
(c) Relation
(d) Data dictionary
7. Data Manipulation language (DML) are used for
(a) Delete information
 (b) Insert information into database
(c) Update information from database
(d) All of the above
8. A query take as input several tables and always return a ------table.
(a) Several
(b) Two
(c) Single
(d) None
9. SQL query language is -----.
(a) Nonprocedural
(b) Procedural
(c) Application program
(d) Programming
10.Which of the following refers to the number of tuples in a relation?
(a) Entity
(b) Column
(c) Cardinality
(d) All of the above
11.Which of the following is not modification of the database?
(A) Deletion
(B) Insertion
(C) Sorting
(D) Updating
12.Which of the following SQL commands is used for removing (or deleting) a
relation from the database?
(a) Drop
(b) Delete
(c) Remove
(d) Rollback
13. After groups have been established, SQL applies predicates in the ----- clause,
allowing aggregate functions to be used.
(a) Where
(b) Having
(c) Group by
(d) With
14. To which of the following the term ‘DBA’ referred?
(a) Data Bank Administrator
 (b) Database Administrator
(c) Data Administrator
(d) All of the above
15. Which of the following keys is generally used to represents the relationships
between the tables?
(a) Primary key
(b) Super key
(c) Foreign key
(d) Candidate key
16. Null is -----.
(a) Not a value
(b) The same as 0 for integer
(c) The same as blank for character
(d) None of the above
17. A ------ entity set is one whose existence is dependent on another entity set.
(a) Strong
(b) Weak
(c) Relationship
(d) All of the above
18. The entity relationship set in represented in E-R diagram as-----
(a) Diamond
(b) Dashed lines
(c) Double diamonds
(d) Rectangle
19. The minimal set of super key is called
(a) Primary key
(b) Candidate key
(c) Foreign key
(d) Alternate key
20. A ----- is a collection multiple interconnected databases, which are spread
physically across various locations that communicate via a computer network.
(a) Parallel database
(b) Distributed database
(c) Centralized database
(d) Client-Server database
21. Monitoring the jobs running on the database, should be supervised by------.
(a) Database system
 (b) Database administrator
(c) Database user
(d) Database manager
22. What does an RDBMS consists of?
(a) Collection of records
(b) Collection of keys
(c) Collection of tables
(d) Collection of fields
23. To select all columns from the table the syntax is:
(a) Select all from table_name
(b) Select * from table_name
(c) Select from table_name
(d) None of the above
24. An association of several entities in an Entity-Relation model is known as
(a) Relationship
(b) Record
(c) Tuple
(d) Field
25. AS Clause is used for?
(a) Join
(b) Union
(c) Selection
(d) Rename
26. The responsibility of the ------ to control the interaction among the concurrent
transaction, to ensure the consistency of the database.
(a) recovery manager
(b) transaction manager
(c) failure recovery
(d) concurrency control manager
27. Which one of the following given statements possibly contains the error?
(a) Select * from employee where eid=’e1’;
(b) select count(*) from employee;
(c) Select ename where city=’Mandalay’ and salary > 250000;
(d) Select eid from employee;
28. In the following query, which of the following can be placed in the query’s
blank portion to display the salary from highest to lowest amount, and sorting
the employees name alphabetically?
 Select * from employee order by salary ----, name ----.
(a) Ascending, Descending
(b) Desc, Asc
(c) Asc, Desc
(d) All of the above
29. Which of the following is a command of DDL?
(a) Alter
(b) Insert
(c) Delete
(d) Select
30. The implementation of the database system has two final design phases that are
------.
(a) Logical design phase and physical design phase
(b) Conceptual design phase and physical design phase
(c) Logical design phase and conceptual design phase
(d) None of the above
(1) _____ may view read reports generated from the database.
(A) Naïve users (B) Application programmers
( C) Sophisticated (D) File manager
(2) The null value is a special value that signifies that the value is _____ or _____ .
A. unknown, exists (B) unknown, not exists
(C) known, not exists (D) known, exist
(3) A _____ constraint from attribute(s) of A of relation r1 to the primary-key B of
relation r2 states that on any database instance.
(A) primary key (B) candidate key (C) super key
(D) foreign key
(4) In SQL, the existing table R, add the attribute, b with the attribute type, D and
command is _____ .
(A) alter table R add b D; (B) alter table R modify b D;
(C) alter table R add b; (D) alter table R change b D;
(5)The _____ operation outputs all tuples from its first input that do not occur in
the second input; that is, it performs set difference.
(A) Union (B) Except (C) Union all (D) Intersect
 (6) The _____ clause provides a way of defining a temporary relation.
(A) having (B) order by (C) with (D) group by
(7) The instructor entity set has an attribute date-of-birth and can calculate age
from date-of-birth and the current date and then age attribute is called _____ .
(A) derived attribute (B) composite attribute
(C)simple attribute (D) multivalued attribute
(8) An entity in A is associated with at most one entity in B and reverse B can
also be associated with any number of entities in A and that mapping is _____
(A) one to many (B) many to one (C) one to one (D) many to many
(9) Spatial data type consists of _____ .
(A) unstructured data (B) geographic data
(C) geometric data (D) B and C
(10)_____ is used to refer to a table, while the term _____ is used to refer to a
row and the term _____ refers to a column .
(A) Relation, record, and field (B) Relation, tuple, and
attribute
(C) File, tuple, and attribute (D) Relation, tuple, and field
(11)In SQL, the R table removes from a database and command is _____ .
(A) delete from R; (B) delete table R; (C) drop table R;
(D) not all above
(12) The _____ operation is to find in both predicate1 of the relation r and
predicate 2 of the relation r.
(A) Union (B) Except (C) Union all (D)
Intersect
(13) _____ is useful to restrict access to relations, but security
considerations may require, that only certain data in a relation be hidden
from a user.
(A) View (B) Select (C) Authorization (D) Integrity Constraint
(14) Which of the following gives a logical structure of the database
graphically?
(A) Entity-relationship diagram (B) Entity diagram
 (C) Database diagram (D) Architectural representation
(15) The _____ is to generate a set of relation schemas that allows us to
store information without unnecessary redundancy and also allows us to
retrieve information easily.
(A) sound (B) complete (C) normalization (D)
decomposition
(16) Textual data consists of _____.
(A) unstructured data (B) spatial data (C) geometric data (D)
geographic data

(b) Which of the following are True/False.

1. The relational algebra is a functional query language.
2. The logical level of abstraction describes only part of the entire database.
3. A super key is a set of one or more attributes that taken collectively, allow us to
identify uniquely a tuple in the relation.
4. Data dictionary, which stores metadata about the structure of the database, in
particular the schema of the database.
5. The SQL DML includes the commands of integrity constraints, view definition
and authorization.
6. In ER diagram, an entity set is represented by a rectangle, which is divided into
two parts.
7. The COMMIT operation signals successful end of transaction.
8. Select, Project and Rename operations are called binary operations.
9. Simple attribute can be divided into subparts.
10. The distinct keyword is used to eliminate of duplicates.
11. The EXCEPT operation outputs all tuples from its first input that do not occur
in the second input, it performs set differences.
12. A binary relationship set is of degree 3.
13. The tuple relational calculus and domain relational calculus are imperative
query languages.
14. Naïve users may view read reports generated from the database.
15. If a table does not have a composite key, then it is in 2NF.
16. A view is a saved query.
17. Derived attributes which made up of more than one single attribute.
 18. The null value is a special value that signifies that the value is unknown or
not exists.
19. Domain constraint that a domain of possible values must be associated with
every attribute types.
20. Left outer join operations do not preserve non-matched tuples.

(1) Database systems are used to manage collections of data that are highly
valuable, are relatively large, and are accessed by multiple users and
applications, often at the same time.
(2) The logical level of abstraction describes only part of the entire database.
(3) The foreign key specification says that the value of attributes for any tuple in
the relation must not correspond to values of the primary key attributes of some
tuple in other relation.
(4) The exists construct returns the value true if the argument subquery is
nonempty.
(5) In ER diagram, an entity set is represented by a rectangle, which is divided into
two parts.
(6) If the student entity set needs to represent any student who is either an
undergraduate_student or a postgraduate_student types, the specification is total
specification.
(7) A→B is a trivial functional dependency.
(8) The Resource Description Framework (RDF) is a data representation standard
based on the entity-relationship model.
(9) Data dictionary, which stores metadata about the structure of the database, in
particular the schema of the database.
(10) Domain constraint that a domain of possible values must be associated with
every attribute types.
(11) The tuple relational calculus and domain relational calculus are imperative
query language.
(12) Tuples with the same value on all attributes in the order by clause are placed
in one group.
(13) In ER diagram, a identifying relationship set is represented by a diamond,
which is linked via lines to the (weak) entity set in the total relationship set.
(14) The number of entity sets that participate in a relationship set is the
discriminator of the relationship set.
(15) A many-to-many relationship set design in ER- diagram and then arises the
4NF in normalization
(16) A key-value map, often just called a map is a set of (key, value) pairs .