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II;UNIVERSITY
OF GHANA
(All rights reserved)
BSC/BA, FIRST SEMESTER EXAIVIINATION : 2020/2021
DEPARTNIENT OF STATISTICS AND ACTUARIAL SCIENCE
STAT 221: INTRODUCTORY PROBABILITY I (3 CREDITS)
INSTRUCTION: ANSWER ALL QUESTIONS IN SECTION A AND TWO
QUESTIONS FROM SECTION B.

TI1\/IE ALLOWED: TVVO AND HALF HOURS

Statistical Tables are to be Provided

SECTION A (50 MARKS)

ANSVVER. ALL QUESTIONS

A1. State all the properties of the Poisson distribution,

[3 marks]

(b) Suppose the random variable X is distributed as a Poisson distribution with parameter /5,

show that _
ßz
P(x 6 + 1) _
Yi2+i
-
P(X:6-1)

[4 marks]

(c) Using the results in (b), find ß if

P(Ä' Z 9)—
Z 0.93388
P(.X Z 7)

[4 marks]

A.2 The diastolie blood pressure (in mmHg) of students who visit the University of Ghana students’
rlinic is normally distributed with mean 78.20mmHg and standard deviation l8.34·rrm1Hg

(a) If 9.4% had low diastolie blood pressure, what is the diastolie blood pressure below which one
will be elassified as having low diastolic: blood pressure? [4 l\I:1rks]

(h) According to health experts the normal diastolic blood pressure for a healthy person is
71.50 :|: 10,25. VVhat pereentage of students who visit the elinic are not healthy? Marks]

11-/
STAT-883- Page 1 of 4
Exaxuinersc Dr. A. Lotsi, Dr. E. Aeheampong and Mr. I Seidu
 ° ]
t

A3. A ezewnxnnmity is made of 48% males. ln this c01nnn1nity„ 24.6% uf males and 20,2% of females

praetiee se-lf-inexelieatiem.

If anyone from the corninnnity is randomly selected, what is the pr0l>ahili‘ty that he/she

practice self—rnedie·atie>n?

[4 marks]

(lp) \\”hat is the ]ll'L>l)2]l)lll1}' that 12 pt-uplc nnist ht: st-leeted to gut -1 evt them X-:he> praetieze self

mt-dieatieni'?

[3 marks]

(ez) \\'hat is the- pmhahility that nirtre than 8 eint ef 10 peeiple- selected praetice- se-lf nie-dicatien?

[3 marks]

(di) Find the- standard eleviation ef the nnxnber of people that needs te he selected nntil the First
person who practice-s S@lf—l11f‘(llCEtll()l1.

[3 marks]

A--1. Coiiiplett-ly spe-city the- probalwility distrilnitions ot thc- random variables with the- f<Y)ll()\\'lI1g mezment

generating tuiiertitnis;

It-{X(t) : O.25t’1 (64* - 1) [2 Marks]

,t
(b) [2 Marks]
1 de

—
(e·) AJA-(1‘) : (5e:" 4)Y4 [2 Marks]

(el) ]Wy(1) = (1 - 2.4t)'1 [2 Marks]

A5. Let the ecnmttlative distribution fnnetien (rrdf) of the- etmtirnieitis random variable X he de-Fmed as

O . ;r < -3

.r + 3 .
-3 § :1: < 1
F(:1r) :
T 3
1 g .r < 5
Ö

1 , xr E 5

(11) Find the prtthahility de-nsity fnnetitat (pdf). f(.r) ei X and veanpletely identity the- distribntien
01 X.

[5 Marks]

(lx) Hence, state E(X) and Var(X),

[4 Marks]

STAT 333 Page 2 of 4

Exarriinersx Dr. A. Lotsi, Dr. E. Achearnpong and l\lr. I Seidu

 SECTION B[50 MARKS] (ANSWER ANY TVVO QUESTIONS)
ALL QUESTIONS CARRY EQUAL MARKS

B1. The discrete random variable, X, assunies values 0, 1 and 10 only. Given that E(X : 2 a11d

Va7‘(X) : 13, Deterinine the cumulative distribution function (c.d.f) of X.

(b) The probability density f\lH(7l;iO]l (p.d.f) of a continuons randoni variable 1X is given by

12.1‘2(1 Y 17), _
0 < :0 <l
f (1*) = _
0 , otherwise

i. Given the random variable Y = 3X Y 4, find the 1116311 and variance of Y,

ii. Find the probability that X lies between the mean a11d the mode

(0) A ra11d0111 variable X has exponential distiibution with paraineter A. Consider the case where
«\ = 1:

i. Sketch tl1e graph of tl1e probability density function of X,

ii. State with a reason whether tl1e distribution of X is positively or negatively skewed,

iii. Vi/rite down the mode of the distribution of X and find the value of le sueh that
AIeev1 Y AIod6 = k[AIea11. Y AIedia11].

B2. If a eontinuous random variable X l1as the 111o1ne11t generating function

15t2 —l—
AIX(t) = exp 2015

i, Identify completely, the distribution of X.

ii, Show how AIX is derived for X in this case.

iii. Compute

er. P(X $ 9.54)

12. P [gE(X) < x < V1„~(x)[

(ln) Tl1e dölllälld for IHGPÜL at a grocery store i11 a11y week is nornially distributed with a niean

demand of 5000Zbs and a standard deviation of 300lbs.

i. If the store l1as 5300Ibs ef ineat i11 stock, what is the probability that net all of it will be
sold within the week?.

ii. How much meat should the store have i11 stock per week so as 110t to I“l1I1 short 11101:6 tha11

10 percent of the time?

STAT 333 Page 3 of 4

Exarniners: Dr. A. Lotsi, Dr. E. Aeheampong éllld Mr. I Seidn
B3. Eaeh ef the 300 students in STAT 221 class helengs te exactly one of tl1e three groups: 14.13,
Cl
er (7, The 11l(Y¥11ll)L%1‘S for the groups are as followsz .·1 : 90. B : 110, : 100. 1·‘irst, cheese one of

the 300 studerrts at 1“€t11(l0l1l ällltll let X he tl1e size ef tl1at Stl1(lC1lTiS group. Next, ehnese 0116 ef

the three greups at randoin and let Y he its size. (Re<·a1l; all randoin (.‘l1()]lf‘(‘S are with equal

prol>11.l>ility, u11less otherwise specified.)

i. \\irite dewn tl1e prohalxility ILIBISS funetieirs fer X and Y respeetively.

ii. and !§(Y).

iii. and 1”'111·(Y).

iv. ,»\ssu111e yen have s S1llfl(‘Ilt$ diyided inte Tl greups with n1en1l.>ersl1ip I1llIIll)O1'S

s1,.s2, . , . , s,, and again X is tl1e size of tl1e greup of a 1‘iLI1<l(.)IIlly <·hesc·n student, while Y

is tl1e size ef the randenrly ehosen group. (iiven that E(Y) = [1 and ‘/tlI'<)’) : 02, express
]§(:X) i11 ternis of s, [1, 7l 2tl1(1 01

th) A11 2tl)SCI1t—I1llI1(lC(l professor has tive keys. Une ol- tl1e keys opens the deer to tllil house. One

night he arrives at his liouse, reaehes inte 11is peeket and seleets a key at I't1It(lOI11 freni the

l)llIl('ll of five keys. He tries it i11 tl1e leek, 1f it doesn’t werk, he replaees the key a11d again

seleets at 1"i\I1(l(>I11 {1*0111 the tive legys. lle CO11l1]l1lt‘S this process until he ti11111ly finds his key,
and then steps. Let X he tl1e 11l1Illl1L^l' ef attenipts tl1e professor makes hefere seleeting tl1e
correct key.

i, \1Vhat is tl1e probability of iinding the eerreet key at a11y one atternpt?

ii. Find the prebability 111ass fuixetion of X.

iii. \\’ha.t is tl1e prohahility t11at the professor picks the (‘()l‘1'(¥(7i7 key 011 the third try'?

134, i. Detine inernent generatirrg fu11t·tio11 (ingf), 1i\1',\-(I) of a randoni varialxle X. Distinguish

between diserete and ('()11t1I111011S eases.

ii. Show that. for any I‘{l11(l()II1 variahle X.

„ , Y
im,-1.x) :11,,.111) - [111,,.111)]

„. rl" . . . .
where ]\[/\»(0) : Wfllytt)
‘ ’ , that IS the 11f]1 deriyatwe ef 1W_1·(t) ahout t : 0.
1

(lu) ldentify fully the distriluutien of the randorn v11ri11l>les X in the followixig and find in each ease

I’(X ; 0):
“’
. . 1 , .11.
1. -1- 1)

ii. .’l[X(t) 7 exp [3 (U — 1)]

(cz) Show that if X and Y are independent nornial l'Etl1(1UlI1 variahles with respeetive parameters

([11 , and ([12, then X -1- Y is norinal with n1e1111 [1] + [12 and varianee 0% + State
vlearly any property of 111gf used.

STAT 333 Page 4 of 4

Exarniriersx Dr. A. Lotsi, Dr. E. A("l1€!€lll1])Ll11g and l\ir. 1 Seidu